Vistula
Vistula | ||
Vistula with catchment area and tributaries |
||
Data | ||
location | Poland | |
River system | Vistula | |
source |
Silesian Beskids near Wisła 49 ° 36 ′ 42 ″ N , 19 ° 0 ′ 38 ″ E |
|
Source height | approx. 1100 m above sea level NN | |
muzzle | in the Baltic Sea near Danzig Coordinates: 54 ° 21 ′ 37 " N , 18 ° 57 ′ 10" E 54 ° 21 ′ 37 " N , 18 ° 57 ′ 10" E |
|
Mouth height | 0 m above sea level NN | |
Height difference | approx. 1100 m | |
Bottom slope | approx. 1 ‰ | |
length | 1048 km | |
Catchment area | 194,424 km² | |
Drain |
MQ |
1080 m³ / s |
Big cities | Krakow , Warsaw , Bydgoszcz , Toruń , Gdansk | |
Navigable | 914 km, from Zabrzeg |







The Vistula ( Polish Wisła ( [ ˈvʲiswa ] ), Czech Visla , Latin Vistula ) is a 1048 kilometer long and by European standards largely unregulated and natural river and the longest river in Poland . The catchment area also includes parts of Slovakia , Belarus and Ukraine . The longest course of water in their river system is the 1213 kilometers from the source of the Western Bug to the Baltic Sea.
The spelling W (e) ixel or Wissel can also be found on old maps .
etymology
There is disagreement as to whether the name Vistula is of Indo-European or pre-Indo-European origin. The Polish name Wisła is derived from the Latin Vistla . The letter pair -tl- was simply replaced by the Polish -ł-. This is also the name of the first city through which the Vistula flows.
course
Upper course
Silesian Beskids and Silesian Foothills
The river has its source in the municipality of the town of the same name in the Silesian Beskids at an altitude of 1107 m above sea level. NN or 1080 m. ü. NN on the south-western slope of the Barania Góra from the streams Czarna Wisełka and Biała Wisełka , which flow into the Jezioro Czerniańskie reservoir after nine and seven kilometers, respectively . The outflowing mountain stream is called Wisełka and only becomes the Vistula when the Malinka flows into it. In Ustroń it leaves the Silesian Beskids and flows through the densely populated Silesian foothills around Skoczów , where it takes up the Brennica , which also rises in the Silesian Beskids .
Auschwitz Basin and Krakow Gate
After leaving the mountains, the Vistula flows into the Auschwitz basin and turns to the east, where it forms part of the historical border between Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland . Shortly after Strumień it flows into the Goczałkowice Reservoir . It is navigable below the dam. Behind Auschwitz and the inclusion of the Soła , the wide Auschwitz basin narrows to the Krakauer Tor between the Gross Salzer Mountains in the south and the Tenczyner Ridge , part of the Krakow-Czestochowa Jura , in the north. About 70 km after the reservoir, the Vistula flows through the old royal city of Krakow (Kraków).
Sandomir Basin
In Krakow , the Vistula leaves the narrow Krakow Basin and flows into the large tectonic depression of the Sandomir Basin , where it receives from the right the water of numerous Carpathian rivers that drain the Beskids , Pieninen and Tatras . In the Sandomir Basin, the Vistula flows eastward, on the southern edge of the Kraków-Czestochowa Jura and the Holy Cross Mountains . South of the basin joins the Subcarpathian Mountains and then the Roztocze to the east . From Niepołomice 25 km east of Kraków to a little below the mouth of the San , the Vistula was the border between the Habsburg Galicia and the Russian Empire from 1815 to 1916 . 70 km behind Niepołomice, the Dunajec , which has its origins in the High Tatras , flows into the Vistula. Soon after Sandomierz , the Bieszczady flows into the San, the easternmost Carpathian river, which drains into the Vistula. The upper course of the Vistula ends with the confluence of the two rivers south of Zawichost .
Middle course
Lesser Poland Vistula Gorge
From Zawichost onwards, the Vistula Gorge begins to break through the Polish Plateau between the Lublin highlands in the east and the Kielc highlands in the west. Here it flows past old trading towns such as Kazimierz Dolny and Janowiec .
Mazovian Plain
Further north near Puławy the Vistula reaches the Polish Plain , specifically the Mazovian Plain . Its poorly regulated middle course is characterized by numerous meanders and sandbanks that make shipping difficult. On the northern edge of its central reaches, the Vistula flows through the Polish capital in the Warsaw Basin .
Lower course
Glacial valleys
The lower course begins at the confluence of the Narew in the Vistula. Shortly after Warsaw it reaches the area of predominantly east-west oriented glacial valleys through which it flows from the east, shortly before united, the Bug and Narew. Here it turns strongly to the west in the Warsaw-Berlin glacial valley , to which the Thorn-Eberswalder glacial valley closes, and passes Płock , Dobrzyń nad Wisłą , Włocławek and Thorn . A large dam with a hydroelectric power station has existed near Włocławek since 1970 .
In Bydgoszcz , the city center is not on power, it leaves the great east-west glacial valley and breaks in the Unterer Vistula in Fordon breakthrough the Baltic country back . This includes the Pomeranian Lake District between the Vistula and the Oder , and the Masurian Lake District between the Vistula and Nyemen . In the last two decades of the 20th century, extensive regulatory measures were carried out on the middle reaches to improve navigability .
delta
The flow of the river into the Baltic Sea was naturally blocked by the dune ridge of the Danzig Inland Spit , the western part of the Fresh Spit (Mierzeja Wiślana). A delta has formed between the ridge and the dune ridge. Shortly after Gniew ( Gniew ) which branches off to the east Nogat from, which was only in 1371 by a flood of self-flow (again) for Weichselarm and in the area of Elblag lowland into the Vistula Lagoon (Polish Zalew Wiślany so Vistula ) opens. Shortly before the dunes killing time naturally the main stream of the Vistula in the branched Elbinger or Konigsberg Vistula ( Szkarpawa ) , which also empties into the Vistula Lagoon and until the early 19th century was the main stream, as well as in the Gdansk Vistula, which near the town of Gdansk to The dune ridge broke through and which flowed into the Gdańsk Bay (Polish: Zatoka Gdańska ). During a flood in 1840, a new Vistula breakthrough emerged halfway between the fork and Danzig, whereupon the lower western part of the old estuary silted up. In the years 1889 to 1895, the dune ridge was pierced at the fork in order to reduce the risk of flooding in the Vistula Delta. Since most of the Vistula water flows through this Vistula breakthrough , in Polish Przekop Wisły , into the Baltic Sea, the Gdańsk Vistula as a whole has silted up and has increasingly been called Dead Vistula, in Polish Martwa Wisła .
The eastern arm of the Vistula, Szkarpawa, has in turn formed a delta. Its northernmost arm is still called Wisła Królewiecka ( Königsberg Vistula) .
history
The first written mention of the Vistula is a little more than 2000 years old and comes from Roman-ancient authors. During antiquity, the amber route ran from the Roman Empire over the Moravian Gate and along the Vistula, at whose confluence with the Baltic Sea was the Turso amber trading center .
Pomponius Mela named in 44 AD in the third book of the Chorographia (3.27) the visula as the border between Germania and Sarmatia . Pliny explicitly mentioned two names in his natural history (4.52, 4.89) in AD 77 : " Visculus sive Vistla ". The Vistla River therefore flowed into the Mare Suebicum , which is now known as the Baltic Sea.
Pliny also referred to the Vistula as the border river between the Germanic and Sarmatic areas of influence. Pliny referred to the East Germans living in the Vistula region as Vandili (Vandals) and named the sub-tribes Burgodiones ( Burgundians ) , Varinnae , Charini and Gutones (Goths) . The Goths only settled in the lower and middle Vistula in the last century before the turn of the times, but began to migrate again as early as 200 AD and can no longer be detected there from the 5th century.
Apart from the migratory movements, the names also changed: In his Germania, Tacitus called the Aesti or Aisti (probably synonymous with today's name Balten ) living east of the mouth of the Vistula as Germanic, but indicated that they were a language similar to British (Celtic) speak and distinguish them from the Suebi .
From the 5th / 6th Century AD. Slavic settlements on the Vistula are proven. Between the Germanic and Slavic settlement periods, there was a considerable loss of emigration in these areas. In the Germanic written tradition of the Vistula forests ( Widsith , verse 121) - "the people who live on the Vistula" (in the area of the Przeworsk culture ) - the homeland of the Saxons and other Teutons are:
Wulfhere sohte ic ond Wyrmhere; ful oft þær wig ne alæg, þonne Hræda here heardum sweordum ymb Wistlawudu wergan sceoldon ealdne eþelstol ætlan leodum.
When Jordanes wrote a chronicle of the Goths, Getica , in the 6th century , he named the river Vistula. He also described two other rivers with the name Viscla. This name refers to the Wisłoka tributary and the San , Wisłok tributary .
Around 850 AD, the Prussians , who mostly live east of the mouth of the Vistula, were mentioned by the Bavarian geographer as "Bruz".
One of the first Polish chroniclers, Wincenty Kadłubek, described the Vistula as the hometown of the Vandals , from whom he derived the Polish legend of Wanda .
In the High Middle Ages, the Vistula gained an important role as a trade route from Krakow to Gdansk . However, the Vistula trade was affected by the occupation of Danzig by the Teutonic Order in 1308. After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466, the Vistula was again completely on Polish territory. The more than 300 years between the Peace of Thorne and the First Partition of Poland in 1772 are considered to be the heyday of the Vistula trade and Gdańsk as a trading center that connected Poland-Lithuania with the Western European trading nations of the English and Dutch. Polish grain was exported to Western Europe via the Vistula and Danzig, when Poland-Lithuania was the breadbasket of the continent, and colonial goods were imported from Western Europe.
At the end of the 18th century, after the third partition of Poland , the Vistula and Warta found their way into the Polish national anthem Mazurek Dąbrowskiego as symbols of freedom .
High and low tide
Since the Vistula is only partially regulated, there are often high and low water levels. Floods usually occur on the upper reaches in early summer when the Carpathian rivers bring a lot of rainwater from the mountains into the valley. Floods in the middle and lower reaches usually occur after the snowmelt in spring. Three reservoirs were built on the Vistula for flood protection:
Reservoir | German name | location | image |
---|---|---|---|
Jezioro Czerniańskie | Czerna reservoir | Silesian Beskids | |
Jezioro Goczałkowickie | Goczałkowice Reservoir | Auschwitz basin | |
Jezioro Włocławskie | Włocławek Reservoir | Lower Vistula Valley |
A fourth barrage is planned in Siarzewo . In addition, there are numerous reservoirs on the tributaries of the Vistula in the Beskids and Pienines , which are supposed to protect against flooding after heavy rain or snowmelt in the mountains:
Other reservoirs for flood protection in the Vistula river system are:
Reservoir | German name | flow | image |
---|---|---|---|
Jezioro Chechelskie | Chechło Reservoir | Chechło | |
Jezioro Brodzkie | Brody Reservoir | Kamienna | |
Jezioro Chańcza | Chańcza Reservoir | Czarna Staszowska | |
Jezioro Nielisz | Nielisz reservoir | Wieprz | |
Jezioro Zemborzyckie | Zemborzycki reservoir | Bystrzyca | |
Jezioro Domaniowskie | Domaniów Reservoir | Radomka | |
Jezioro Sulejowski | Sulejów reservoir | Pilica | |
Jezioro Niewiadoma | Niewiadoma reservoir | Cetynia | |
Jezioro Siczki | Siczki reservoir | Gzówka | |
Jezioro Zygmunta Augusta | Sigismund August reservoir | Nereśl | |
Jezioro Siemianówka | Siemianówka Reservoir | Narew | |
Jezioro Zegrzyńskie | Zegrze reservoir | Narew | |
Jezioro Koronowskie | Polish Crown Reservoir | Brda | |
Jezioro Smukalskie | Smukała reservoir | Brda | |
Jezioro Żurskie | Żur reservoir | Wda |
Between Oświęcim and Nowa Huta in Krakow , the Vistula is regulated to keep the water level stable for shipping and to protect Krakow from floods.
The years 1813, 1844, 1888, 1934, 1960, 1997, 2001, 2010 were particularly severe in the Vistula. In May 2010 there were major floods in Poland (and in other Central European countries) .
In September 2012 the water level in the Vistula was historically low and was 58 cm. During this time, centuries-old artifacts were found on the river floor . In August 2015, a new all-time low of only 41 cm was measured.
Administrative units
Voivodships
Eight voivodeships are part of the Vistula, which makes up half of all 16 Polish voivodships.
Downstream sequence:
coat of arms | Voivodeship | German name |
---|---|---|
Województwo śląskie | Silesian Voivodeship | |
Województwo małopolskie | Lesser Poland Voivodeship | |
Województwo świętokrzyskie | Holy Cross Voivodeship | |
Województwo podkarpackie | Subcarpathian Voivodeship | |
Województwo lubelskie | Lublin Voivodeship | |
Województwo mazowieckie | Masovian Voivodeship | |
Województwo kujawsko-pomorskie | Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship | |
Województwo pomorskie | Pomeranian Voivodeship |
cities and communes
Downriver sequence, major cities in bold, population figures of cities as of December 31, 2016, municipalities that are not cities, in italics:
local community | German name | circle | Residents | image |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wisła | Vistula | Powiat Cieszyński | 11,048 | |
Ustroń | Ustron | Powiat Cieszyński | 16,065 | |
Harbutowice | Harbutowitz | Powiat Cieszyński | 883 | |
Górki Wielkie | Great Gurek | Powiat Cieszyński | 3950 | |
Skoczów | Skotschau | Powiat Cieszyński | 14,502 | |
Strumień | Black water | Powiat Cieszyński | 3643 | |
Zabrzeg | Powiat Bielski | 3107 | ||
Goczałkowice-Zdrój | Bad Gottschalkowitz | Powiat Pszczyński | 6689 | |
Czechowice-Dziedzice | Czechowitz-Dzieditz | Powiat Bielski | 35,725 | |
Brzeszcze | Powiat Oświęcimski | 11,430 | ||
Oświęcim | Auschwitz | Powiat Oświęcimski | 38,972 | |
Skawina | Konradshof | Powiat Krakowski | 24,317 | |
Kraków | Krakow | 765.320 | ||
Niepołomice | Niepolomitz | Powiat Wielicki | 12 507 | |
Szczucin | Powiat Dąbrowski | 4170 | ||
Baranów Sandomierski | Powiat Tarnobrzeski | 1478 | ||
Tarnobrzeg | 47,595 | |||
Sandomierz | Sandomir | Powiat Sandomierski | 23,993 | |
Zavichost | Powiat Sandomierski | 1,817 | ||
Annopol | Powiat Kraśnicki | 2606 | ||
Józefów nad Wisłą | Powiat Opolski | 921 | ||
Janowiec | Powiat Puławski | 1000 | ||
Kazimierz Dolny | Powiat Puławski | 2,594 | ||
Puławy | Powiat Puławski | 48,408 | ||
Dęblin | Demblin | Powiat Rycki | 16,526 | |
Góra Kalwaria | Calvary | Powiat Piaseczyński | 11,868 | |
Otwock | Powiat Otwocki | 44 873 | ||
Warszawa | Warsaw | 1,753,977 | ||
Czerwińsk nad Wisłą | Powiat Płoński | 1089 | ||
Plock | Plotzk | 121,295 | ||
Dobrzyń nad Wisłą | Dobrin | Powiat Lipnowski | 2,221 | |
Włocławek | Leslau | 112,483 | ||
Nieszawa | Nessau | Powiat Aleksandrowski | 1,950 | |
Ciechocinek | Hermannsbad | Powiat Aleksandrowski | 10,526 | |
Toruń | Thorn | 202,521 | ||
Solec Kujawski | Schulitz | Powiat Bydgoski | 15,660 | |
Bydgoszcz | Bromberg | 353.938 | ||
Chełmno | Kulm | Powiat Chełmiński | 19,991 | |
Świecie | Schwetz | Powiat Świecki | 25,974 | |
Grudziądz | Graudenz | 95,964 | ||
Nowe | Neuchâtel | Powiat Świecki | 5,994 | |
Gniew | Mewe | Powiat Tczewski | 6,840 | |
Malbork | Marienburg | Powiat Malborski | 38,848 | |
Tczew | Dirschau | Powiat Tczewski | 60,276 | |
Gdańsk | Danzig | 463.754 | ||
Mikoszewo | Nickelswalde | Powiat Nowodworski | 710 |
Tributaries
Sequence downstream with length information (from 300 km bold), runoff and size of the catchment area; indented tributaries of the tributaries near the mouth
main power
flow | German name | direction | length | Catchment area | Headwaters | image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biała Wisełka | Little White Vistula | right | 7 km | Silesian Beskids | ||
Malinka | right | 8 kilometers | Silesian Beskids | |||
Gościejów | right | 4.3 km | Silesian Beskids | |||
Kopydło | Left | 7.6 km | Silesian Beskids | |||
Dziechcinka | Left | 5.3 km | Silesian Beskids | |||
Jawornik | Left | 4.8 km | Silesian Beskids | |||
Dobka | right | 5.7 km | Silesian Beskids | |||
Gościeradowiec | right | 2.8 km | Silesian Beskids | |||
Brennica | Brennitz | right | 16.8 km | Silesian Beskids | ||
Bładnica | Left | 12.5 km | 42.1 km² | Silesian promontory | ||
Knajka | Left | 19 km | 68.8 km² | Silesian promontory | ||
Iłownica | right | 27.88 km | 201.1 km² | Silesian promontory | ||
Biała | Bialka | right | 28.6 km | 139 km² | Silesian Beskids | |
Pszczynka | Left | 45.26 km | Silesian plateau | |||
Gostynia | Left | 32.1 km | 349 km² | Silesian plateau | ||
Przemsza | Perzemsa | Left | 28 km | 2121 km² | Silesian plateau | |
Soła | Sola | right | 80 km | 1400 km² | Saybuscher Beskids | |
Chechło | Left | 26 km | 116 km² | Krakow-Czestochowa Jura | ||
Skawa | Look | right | 78 km | 1160 km² | Saybuscher Beskids | |
Skawinka | right | 34 km | 365 km² | Makov Beskids | ||
Sanka | Left | 18.3 km | 94 km² | Krakow-Czestochowa Jura | ||
Rudawa | Left | 35.8 km | 318.3 km² | Krakow-Czestochowa Jura | ||
Wilga | right | 26.7 km | 101.1 km² | Pogórze Wielickie | ||
Prądnik | Left | 34.5 km | 195.8 km² | Krakow-Czestochowa Jura | ||
Dłubnia | Left | 50.76 km | 272 km² | Krakow-Czestochowa Jura | ||
Raba | right | 132 km | 1537 km² | Gorce | ||
Szreniawa | Left | 80 km | 706 km² | Krakow-Czestochowa Jura | ||
Uszwica | right | 61.2 km | 323 km² | Island Beskids | ||
Nidzica | Left | 66 km | 708 km² | Krakow-Czestochowa Jura | ||
Dunajec | Dohnst | right | 247 km | 6804 km² | High Tatras , Western Tatras | |
Nida | Left | 151 km | 3865 km² | Heiligkreuzgebirge | ||
Breń | right | 52 km | Tarnow plateau | |||
Czarna Staszowska | Left | 61 km | 1358 km² | Heiligkreuzgebirge | ||
Wisłoka | Wittewater | right | 164 km | 4110 km² | Lower Beskids | |
Babulówka | right | 32 km | Sandomir Basin | |||
Koprzywianka | Left | 66 km | 707 km² | Heiligkreuzgebirge | ||
Trześniówka | right | 57 km | 570 km² | Sandomir Basin | ||
Łęg | right | 81 km | 960 km² | Sandomir Basin | ||
San | Saan | right | 433 km | 16,861 km² | Bieszczady | |
Opatówka | Left | 51 km | 282 km² | Heiligkreuzgebirge | ||
Sanna | right | 51 km | 606 km² | Lublin highlands | ||
Wyżnica | right | 42.5 km | 508 km² | Lublin highlands | ||
Kamienna | Left | 138 km | 2008 km² | Kielc highlands | ||
Iłżanka | Left | 77 km | 1127 km² | Kielc highlands | ||
Zwoleńka | Left | 37 km | 230.2 km² | Central Mazovian Plain | ||
Chodelka | right | 49.3 km | 566 km² | Lublin highlands | ||
Plewka | Left | 27.88 km | Central Mazovian Plain | |||
Kurówka | right | 50 km | 395.4 km² | Lublin highlands | ||
Wieprz | right | 303 km | 10,400 km² | Roztocze | ||
Zagożdżonka | Left | 46.21 km | 568.5 km² | Central Mazovian Plain | ||
Radomka | Left | 100 km | 2000 km² | South Mazovian hill country | ||
Wilga | right | 67 km | 569 km² | Żelechów ridge | ||
Pilica | Pilitza | Left | 319 km | 9245 km² | Krakow-Czestochowa Jura | |
Świder | right | 85 km | Żelechów ridge | |||
Jeziorka | Left | 66.3 km | 975.3 km² | Central Mazovian Plain | ||
Narew | Nare | right | 484 km | 75,200 km² | Białowieża Primeval Forest | |
Bzura | Left | 166 km | 7660 km² | Central Mazovian Plain | ||
Skrwa Lewa | Left Skrwa | Left | 51.7 km | Central Mazovian Plain | ||
Skrwa Prawa | Right Skrwa | right | 114 km | 1704 km² | Kulm-Dobrzyner Lake District | |
Zgłowiączka | Left | 79 km | 1496 km² | Kuyavian Lake District | ||
Mień | Meinbach | right | 53.5 km | Kulmsee-Dobrzyner Seenplatte | ||
Tążyna | Tonzyna | right | 49.8 km | Greater Poland Lake District | ||
Drwęca | Drewenz | right | 253 km | Masurian Lake District | ||
Zielona Struga | Green flow | Left | 34.3 km | Greater Poland Lake District | ||
Struga Toruńska | Bostoltz | right | 51.5 km | 371 km | Kulmsee Lake District | |
Brda | Brahe | Left | 238 km | 4634 km² | Bytower Lake District | |
Struga Niewieścińska | Left | 11 km | South Pomeranian Lake District | |||
Fryba | Fribbe | right | 39.6 km | Kulmsee Lake District | ||
Wda | Black water | Left | 210 km | 2345 km² | Bytower Lake District | |
Osa | Ossa | right | 96 km | 1600 km² | Eylauer Seenplatte | |
Wierzyca | heel | Left | 112 km | 1600 km² | Kashubian Lake District |
delta
Lenivka
flow | German name | direction | length | Catchment area | Headwaters | image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canal Młyński | Mills digging | Left | 8.2 km | Vistula Delta | ||
Przekop Wisły | Vistula puncture | muzzle | 7.1 km | Vistula Delta |
Nogat
flow | German name | direction | length | Catchment area | Headwaters | image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liwa | love | right | 111.4 km | 990.8 km² | Eylauer Seenplatte | |
Młynówka Malborska | right | 29.3 km | Eylauer Seenplatte | |||
Canal Jagielloński | Jagiellonian Canal | right | 5.7 km | Vistula Delta |
Szkarpawa
flow | German name | direction | length | Catchment area | Headwaters | image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Szkarpawa | muzzle | 25.4 km | 780 km² | Vistula Delta | ||
Wisla Królewiecka | Konigsberg Vistula | muzzle | 11.5 km | Vistula Delta |
Wisła Śmiała
flow | German name | direction | length | Catchment area | Headwaters | image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wisła Śmiała | muzzle | 2.5 km | Vistula Delta |
Martwa Wisła
flow | German name | direction | length | Catchment area | Headwaters | image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Czarna Łacha | Left | 7 km | Danzig Werder | |||
Opływ Motławy | Left | 7 km | Danzig Werder | |||
Motława | Motlawa | Left | 65 km | 1511.3 km² | Starogard Lake District | |
Strzyża | Strießbach | Left | 9.4 km | 22 km² | Kashubian Lake District |
Channel connections
channel | German name | connection | image |
---|---|---|---|
Kanał Augustowski | Augustów Canal | Narew - Biebrza - Kanał Augustowski - Czarna Hańcza - Nyemen | |
Canal Dniepr-Bug | Dnieper Bug Canal | Narew - Western Bug - Dnieper Bug Canal - Dnieper | |
Channel Bachorze | Bachorze Canal | Zgłowiączka - Bachorze Canal - Jezioro Gopło | |
Canal Bydgoski | Bromberger Canal | Brda - Kanał Bydgoski - Noteć - Warta - Oder | |
Kanał Notecki | Networks channel | Brda - Bydgoski - Kanał Notecki - Gopło - Kanał Ślesiński - Warta | |
Ślesiński Canal | Ślesiński Canal | Brda - Bydgoski - Kanał Notecki - Gopło - Ślesiński Channel - Warta | |
Canal Jagielloński | Kraffohlkanal | Nogat - Jagielloński Canal - Elbląg - Ostródzko-Elbląski Canal - Ostróda | |
Canal Ostródzko-Elbląski | Oberland Canal | Nogat - Jagielloński Canal - Elbląg - Ostródzko-Elbląski Canal - Ostróda |
traffic
shipping
The Vistula is navigable from just before Oświęcim to Gdansk , although in the upper reaches only the section Oświęcim to Nowa Huta in Krakow is developed as the Upper Vistula waterway with locks and canals. Below Krakow, the river meanders back to its original state, which makes more intensive navigation outside of tourist use by small pleasure boats and kayaks impossible. From Warsaw to Gdansk, the Vistula is navigable again for larger ships. It is part of the international waterways E40 from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea and E70 from Antwerp to Klaipėda .
railroad
Already in its headwaters in the Silesian Beskids , the upper reaches of the Vistula is accompanied by the Goleszów – Wisła Głębce railway line . All major cities on the Vistula are connected to the Polish railway network.
Street
Voivodeship road 941 runs below the Vistula springs . Voivodeship roads accompany the Vistula on its course, only in its lower reaches it is accompanied by the A1 motorway from Włocławek to Toruń and from Grudziądz to Gdańsk .
bicycle
The 1200 km long Vistula long-distance cycle path along the river from Wisła to Gdansk has been completed in sections and will be expanded further. The sections from the springs to Szczucin in the Silesian and Lesser Poland Voivodeships and from Dobrzyń nad Wisłą to Kwidzyn in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship are currently finished, which together makes up about half of the route.
natural reserve
The Vistula flows through numerous forests, for example through the Sandomir Primeval Forest , as well as through numerous nature reserves (or there are nature reserves in the Vistula Valley, for example the Zbocza Płutowskie nature reserve and nature protection areas 2000, such as the Wiśliska ).
Nature reserves directly on the Vistula:
Bird sanctuary
Bird sanctuary | German name | Identifier | image |
---|---|---|---|
Dolina Górnej Wisły | Upper Vistula Valley | PLB240001 | |
Stawy w Brzeszczach | Brzeszczy ponds | PLB120009 | |
Dolina Dolnej Skawy | Lower Skawatal | PLB120005 | |
Małopolski Przełom Wisły | Lesser Poland Vistula Gorge | PLB140006 | |
Dolina Środkowej Wisły | Middle Vistula Valley | PLB140004 | |
Dolina Dolnej Wisły | Lower Vistula Valley | PLB040003 | |
Ujście Wisły | Vistula estuary | PLB220004 |
Habitat reserves
Habitat reserves | German name | Identifier | image |
---|---|---|---|
Beskid Śląski | Silesian Beskids | PLH240005 | |
Jezioro Goczałkowickie | Goczałkowice Reservoir | PLH240039 | |
Tarnobrzeska Dolina Wisły | Tarnobrzeg Vistula Valley | PLH180049 | |
Dolina Dolnego Sanu | Lower Santal | PLH180020 | |
Przełom Wisły w Małopolsce | Lesser Poland Vistula Gorge | PLH060045 | |
Kampinoska Dolina Wisły | Kampinos Vistula Valley | PLH140029 | |
Włocławska Dolina Wisły | Włocławek Vistula Valley | PLH040039 | |
Nieszawska Dolina Wisły | Nessauer Weichseltal | PLH040012 | |
Dybowska Dolina Wisły | Dybower Weichseltal | PLH040011 | |
Solecka Dolina Wisły | Solec Vistula Valley | PLH040003 | |
Dolna Wisla | Lower Vistula | PLH220033 | |
Ostoja w Ujściu Wisły | Vistula estuary | PLH220044 | |
Twierdza Wisłoujście | Weichselmünde fortress | PLH220030 |
Nature reserves
Nature reserves | German name | image |
---|---|---|
Rezerwat przyrody Barania Góra | Barania Góra Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Wisła | Vistula nature reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Wisła pod Zawichostem | Vistula nature reserve near Zawichost | |
Rezerwat przyrody Krowia Wyspa | Krowia Wyspa nature reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Łachy Brzeskie | Łachy Brzeskie nature reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Wyspy Świderskie | Wyspy Świderskie nature reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Ławice Kiełpińskie | Ławice Kiełpińskie Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Kępy Kazuńskie | Kępy Kazuńskie Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Zakole Zakroczymskie | Zakole Zakroczymskie Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Wikliny Wiślane | Wikliny Wiślane nature reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Kępa Rakowska | Kępa Rakowska Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Kępa Antonińska | Kępa Antonińska Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Wyspy Zakrzewskie | Wyspy Zakrzewskie Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Wyspy Białobrzeskie | Wyspy Białobrzeskie Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Kępa Wykowska | Kępa Wykowska Nature Reserve | |
Rezerwat przyrody Ławice Troszyńskie | Ławice Troszyńskie Nature Reserve |
Landscape protection parks
Landscape protection park | German name | Homepage | image |
---|---|---|---|
Park Krajobrazowy Beskidu Śląskiego | Silesian Beskids Landscape Protection Park | Homepage | |
Bielańsko-Tyniecki Park Krajobrazowy | Bielany-Tyniec landscape protection park | Homepage | |
Kazimierski Park Krajobrazowy | Kazimierz Landscape Protection Park | Homepage | |
Nadwiślański Park Krajobrazowy | Vistula Landscape Park | Homepage | |
Nadwiślański Park Krajobrazowy | Chełmino Landscape Protection Park | Homepage |
Nature parks
Nature parks | German name |
---|---|
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu Doliny Wisły | Vistula Valley Nature Park |
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu Solec nad Wisłą | Solec nad Wisłą Nature Park |
Chodelsky Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu | Chodelsky Nature Park |
Nadwiślański Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu | Vistula Natural Park |
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu rzeki Pilicy i Drzewiczki | Pilica and Drzewiczk Valleys Natural Park |
Warszawski Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu | Warsaw Nature Park |
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu Niziny Ciechocińskiej | Ciechocinek plain |
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu Doliny Kwidzyńskiej | Kwidzyn Valley |
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu Białej Góry | Biała Góra Natural Park |
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu Rzeki Nogat | Nogat Nature Park |
Środkowożuławski Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu | Mittlere Werder Nature Park |
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu Żuław Gdańskich | Danziger Werder Nature Park |
Obszar Chronionego Krajobrazu Wyspy Sobieszewskiej | Sobieszewska Island Nature Park |
National park
The Kampinos National Park in Mazovia extends from the south to the Vistula.
See also
- Vistula basin
- Vistula Museum (Tczew)
- Bromberger Weichselknie
- List of rivers in Poland
- Weichselwerder
literature
- Ernst Bahr: Vistula . In: Handbook of historical sites , East and West Prussia . Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-520-31701-X , pp. 238-239.
- Franz Brandstäter: The Vistula. Historic, topographical, picturesque. Marienwerder 1855 ( online ).
- Heinrich Girard: The north German plain, especially between the Elbe and the Vistula, is shown geologically . Berlin 1855, pp. 251-262 ( online ).
- Andrzej Piskozub (editor / editor): Wisła. Monografia rzeki. Warsaw, 1982 (Polish standard work in Poland)
- Jürgen Udolph : Vistula. Namely. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde , Volume 33, De Gruyter, Berlin-New York 2006, pp. 356–358.
- Szymon Brzeski: Wisła. Królowa polskich rzek. Warszawa 2017, Przedsiębiorstwo Handlowo-Wydawnicze "Arystoteles" (publisher), ISBN 978-83-8038-141-4
Web links
- Wody w Polsce - Waters of Poland (Polish)
- bpb.de, history in flux. Rivers in Europe - focus on the Vistula
- The Vistula Boulevard in Warsaw - history and meaning of the Vistula in Warsaw (German)
Footnotes
- ^ Szymon Brzeski: Wisła. Królowa polskich rzek . 1st edition. Przedsiębiorstwo Handlowo-Wydawnicze "Arystoteles", Warszawa 2017, ISBN 978-83-8038-141-4 , p. 5 .
- ↑ Gdansk inland spit and Vistula puncture
- ↑ MAPSTER: Topographical Map 1679 Nickelswalde ( Memento from January 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (1940)
- ^ Szymon Brzeski: Wisła. Królowa polskich rzek . 1st edition. Przedsiębiorstwo Handlowo-Wydawnicze "Arystoteles", Warszawa 2017, ISBN 978-83-8038-141-4 , p. 9 .