Beskydy Mountains
| Beskydy Mountains | ||
|---|---|---|
| Highest peak | Howerla ( 2060 m ) | |
| location | Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Ukraine | |
| part of | Western Carpathians and Forest Carpathians | |
|
||
| Coordinates | 49 ° 34 ′ N , 19 ° 32 ′ E | |
The Beskids ( Polish Beskidy , Czech and Slovak Beskydy , Ukrainian Бескиди / Beskydy) are a mountain range of the Outer Western Carpathians and Eastern Carpathians . The Beskids are mainly in Poland . Individual mountain ranges of the Beskids are also located in the neighboring areas of the Czech Republic , Slovakia and the Ukraine .
etymology
The word Beskid / Beskidy is related to the Middle Low German word beshêt , beskēt "Scheide, Wasserscheide". It is improbable that it derives from the Albanian word bjeshkë . Historically, the terms Bieszczad and Beskid have been used for centuries to describe the mountains that separated the Kingdom of Poland and the aristocratic republic of Poland-Lithuania from the Kingdom of Hungary , respectively .
Characteristic
The Beskids are an arch about 600 km long and 50–70 km wide that begins in south-east Silesia and north-west Moravia (at the Moravian Gate ), extends north of the Tatra Mountains and ends in Ukraine . In places it forms the watershed between the tributaries of the Oder and Vistula to the north and the Danube to the south.
Silesian Beskids near Brenna , Poland
West Beskids, Krościenko am Dunajez , Poland
Lower Beskids , Poland
East Beskids, Bieszczady , Poland
East Beskids, Bieszczady , Poland
location
The eastern border of the Beskids is disputed. Older sources indicate the headwaters of the Tisza in the Ukraine, according to more recent sources they already end at the Uschok Pass on the Polish-Ukrainian border.
Almost all of these Beskids, with the exception of the Lower Beskids ( Nízke Beskydy in Slovak , Beskid Niski in Polish ) and the Beskids east of them, belong to the (Outer) Western Carpathians. Almost all the Carpathian Mountains in Poland bear the name Beskid , but they are also found in the Czech Republic (Moravskoslezské Beskydy, see below), in Slovakia (Nízke Beskydy) and in the Ukraine (mountains in the Lviv region).
structure
The Beskids are divided differently. A distinction is made between the orographic subsystems :
- West Beskids (highest elevation: Babia Góra , 1725 m , Polish - Slovak border)
- Lower Beskids (also Middle Beskids; highest point Busov 1002 m , Slovakia )
- East Beskids (highest elevation, depending on the definition of the eastern border, either Tarnica 1348 m in Poland or Hoverla 2060 m in Ukraine ). The East Beskids begin with the Bieszczady in Poland and the Bukovské vrchy in Slovakia. In this view, the East Beskids are sometimes referred to as the Forest Carpathians .
In a narrower sense, the term Beskydy applies above all to the West Beskydy (Polish Beskidy Zachodnie, Czech Západní Beskydy , Západné Beskydy ) with the following subgroups:
- Moravian-Silesian Beskids (Czech Beskydy , Slovak Moravskosliezske Beskydy )
- Silesian Beskydy (Czech Slezské Beskydy , Slovak Sliezske Beskydy , Polish Beskid Śląski ) near Bielsko-Biała
- Slovak Beskids / Kysuce-Orava Beskydy (Czech and Slovak Slovenské Beskydy / Kysucko-Oravské Beskydy )
- Saybuscher Beskids (Polish Beskid Żywiecki , near the city Żywiec , highest peaks: Babia Góra, Pilsko )
Infrastructure
The region was opened up for tourism by the Beskydy Association and the Tatra Society as early as the 19th century . The tourist infrastructure in the West Beskids (including the Silesian Beskids , Saybuscher Beskids , Gorce , Sandetser Beskids ) is significantly better developed than in the East Beskids (including Bieszczady , Forest Carpathians ). Larger cities are Bielsko-Biała and Nowy Sącz in Poland and Uzhhorod in Ukraine. The metropolis of Krakow lies in the foothills of the Beskids .
natural reserve
In the Beskidy Mountains, there are four national parks: National Park Babiogórski , Gorce National Park , Pieniny National Park , Bieszczady National Park in Poland, Pieniny National Park in Slovakia.
In 1973, the Beskydy Protected Landscape Area was proclaimed in the Czech part of the Beskydy Mountains, which includes most of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids, the Vsetínské vrchy and the Javorník Mountains . With 116,000 hectares, it is the largest protected landscape area in the Czech Republic. 50 small-scale areas are under special protection: 7 national nature reserves, 20 nature reserves and 23 natural monuments. Forests cover 70% of the area, which are not used in the core zones and develop a primeval forest character. But also the traditionally cultivated and near-natural meadows and mountain pastures are ecologically valuable.
Culture
Excellent examples of the village building culture from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period in the Beskydy and Subcarpathian Mountains are numerous Catholic and Orthodox wooden churches, of which a group of 14 particularly important buildings were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List ( wooden churches in southern Lesser Poland ).
See also: Euroregion Beskydy ; Wooden churches in southern Lesser Poland; Galician cuisine , Beskydy tour
Bączal Dolny , Subcarpathian
(c. 1667), Poland
Haczów , Subcarpathian
(1388) c. 1624
Sv. Kateřina in Ostrava -Hrabová
(14th century - 1564)
Personalities
The Beskydy landscape was home to, among others:
- Gregor von Sanok (1403–1477), professor at the Cracow Academy, Archbishop of Lemberg, first exponent of humanism in Poland and critic of scholasticism
- Martin Cromer (1512–1589), theologian, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and chronicler
- Ignacy Krasicki (1735–1801), Prince-Bishop of Warmia, Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland
- Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), Austrian neuropathologist, depth psychologist, cultural theorist and critic of religion
- Kasimir Felix Badeni (1846–1909), lawyer and from 1895 to 1897 Prime Minister of the Austrian part of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy
- Gregor Mendel (1822–1884), Moravian-Austrian priest of the Augustinian order and abbot of the Brno Abbey of St. Thomas
- Leoš Janáček (1854–1928), Czech composer
- Emil Zátopek (1922–2000), Czechoslovak athlete
- Robert Maxwell (1923–1991), British publisher, entrepreneur and politician
- Nikifor (1895–1968), Polish painter
- Billy Wilder (1906–2002), American screenwriter, film director and film producer of Austrian origin
- Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988), American physicist
- Zdzisław Beksiński (1929–2005), Polish painter, sculptor, graphic artist and designer
- John Paul II (1920–2005), Pope of the Roman Catholic Church
- Adam Małysz (* 1977), Polish ski jumper
Footnotes
- ↑ Prof. Zbigniew Gołąb, Kraków (2004) germańska etymologia Bieszczad / Beskid jest w gruncie rzeczy jedyną, która spełnia wymogi językoznawcze i reprezentuje wysoki stopień prawdopodobieństwa historycznego. (...) ma większą moc wyjaśniającą. in: O pochodzeniu Słowian. Kraków, 2004; Prof. Janusz Parczewski, Sanok (2013) Nazwa Beskidy.
proof
- Gábor Z. Földvary: Geology of the Carpathian Region . World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore 1988.
- Jerzy Kondracki: Regiony fizycznogeograficzne Polski . Wydawa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warsaw 1977.
- Jerzy Kondracki: Problemy standaryzacji nazw geograficznych . Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PWN, Warsaw 1989.
- Jerzy Kondracki: Geografia regionalna Polski , 2nd edition, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warsaw 2000.
