Silesian Beskids
Silesian Beskids | ||
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View from the observation tower on the Barania Góra |
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Highest peak | Skrzyczne ( 1257 m npm ) | |
location | Poland , Czech Republic | |
part of | West Beskids | |
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Coordinates | 49 ° 41 ′ N , 19 ° 2 ′ E |
The Silesian Beskids ( Polish Beskid Śląski ; Czech Slezské Beskydy ) are a mountain range of the Western Beskids in Poland and the Czech Republic .
etymology
For the etymology of the term Beskydy see there . The Silesian Beskids form part of the Beskids, which is largely located in the extreme south-east of Silesia. The Silesian Beskids do not lie entirely in historical Silesia (the eastern slopes are part of the Lesser Poland Saybuscher Land ), nor are the Silesian Beskids the only mountain range of the Beskids that lies in historical Silesia. They are not exclusively located in the new Silesian Voivodeship , because the western slopes of the Czantoria ridge belong to the Czech Republic.
history
The Silesian Beskids were settled from the Danube region through the Moravian Gate. Until the Stone Age, the inhabitants of the Silesian Beskids were hunters and gatherers. Around 2500 BC the first farmers and shepherds settled down. The Amber Road ran west of the Silesian Beskids from the Roman Empire to the Baltic Sea. Roman coins found in the region are exhibited in the City Museum in Cieszyn. In the 9th century the Silesian Beskids came under the influence of the Great Moravian Empire and in the 10th century to Poland. During Polish particularism , the Duchy of Teschen of the Silesian Piasts was established in 1290 , which recognized the Bohemian feudal rule in 1348 and to which most of the Silesian Beskids belonged. The east and south slopes of the Barania ridge were part of the Duchy of Auschwitz , which was separated off in 1315 and returned to Poland in 1457. Medieval settlement took place along the river valleys of the Vistula and Olsa. In 1653 the Silesian Piasts died out in Teschen and the Duchy of Teschen came directly to the Habsburgs. With the First Partition of Poland in 1772, the eastern and southern parts of the Silesian Beskids came to the Habsburgs as part of Galicia. The tourist development of the area began in the 19th century by the Polish Tatra Society , the Beskid Society and the Polish Tourist Board Beskid. After the end of the First World War, the Polish-Czechoslovak border was drawn on the western edge of the Silesian Beskids on the Czantoria ridge. This demarcation was confirmed after the Second World War. After the breakup of Czechoslovakia, their share came to the Czech Republic.
Political division
Significant cities that are upstream Beskid are in Silesian foothills to the north: Bielsko-Biala , Cieszyn and Skoczów and the Zywiec Basin in the East Zywiec .
The municipalities that are part of the Silesian Beskids are:
Locality | population | surface | along the river | Image: |
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Bielsko-Biała | 176.453 | 124.51 km² | Biała | |
Ustroń | 15,415 | 58.92 km² | Vistula | |
Wisła | 11,810 | 110.26 km² | Vistula | |
Istebna | 11,279 | 84.25 km² | Olsa | |
Brenna | 10.164 | 95.54 km² | Brennica | |
Szczyrk | 5,810 | 39.07 km² | Żylica | |
Wilkowice | 13,327 | 33.90 km² | ||
Buczkowice | 11,126 | 19.33 km² | ||
Łodygowice | 14,131 | 35.20 km² | ||
Lipowa | 10,497 | 58.08 km² | ||
Radziechowy-Wieprz | 13,086 | 65.94 km² | ||
Węgierska Górka | 15,107 | 77.06 km² | Soła | |
Milówka | 10,047 | 98.33 km² | Soła | |
Yes | 7.191 | 21.13 km² | ||
Leszna Górna | 540 | 09.06 km² |
geology
The Silesian Beskids are, like the whole Carpathian Mountains, a relatively young fold mountains. They were formed during the Alpid orogeny around 20 million years ago and are therefore among the youngest mountain ranges in Poland. Like most of the Beskydy mountain ranges , they consist of the northern Carpathian flysch , i.e. sediments and sedimentary rocks - in particular conglomerate , sandstone , slate , marl and limestone . The stones were formed on the seabed of the Tethys in a period of about 200 million years (up to the Upper Jurassic ). The oldest rocks - the so-called Teschen layers - can be found at Tuł and Jasieniowa , the latter already being part of the Silesian foothills . A few rock layers are of volcanic origin.
Mineral springs occur in the Silesian Beskids, which are particularly used in Ustroń.
The Silesian Beskids are the Beskids mountain range in which most of the caves occur. A total of 415 caves are currently known with a total explored length of 12,276 km.
geography
The Silesian Beskids extend southwest of the city of Bielsko-Biała and southeast of the city of Cieszyn, mainly on Polish territory. The western slopes of the Czantoria ridge belong to the Czech Republic. In the south they extend up to about five kilometers north of the border triangle Poland , Czech Republic and Slovakia .
To the north, the Silesian Beskids merge into the Silesian Foothills and in the northeast, separated by the Valley of the Biała ( Wolfsdorf Gate ), into the Little Beskids . In the east the mountain range descends into the Saybuscher Basin , behind which the Beskid Makowski (Makower or Mittelbeskiden) join. To the southeast, the Soła and the Przełęcz Zwardońska mountain pass form the natural delimitation to the Saybuscher Beskids . In the southwest, the Olsa valley separates the Silesian Beskids from the Jablunkauer Bergland . The Jablunkau furrow , which is also traversed by the Olsa, separates the mountain range in the west from the Moravian-Silesian Beskids . The Beskid foothills and the Ostrava Basin connect to the northwest .
The predominantly wooded mountains with an area of 560 km² are mostly on Polish territory, the Czech part is 54 km². The highest point is the Skrzyczne ( 1257 m npm ).
The Silesian Beskids can be divided into the following mountain ridges:
- Czantoria crest ( Pasmo Czantorii ), west of the Vistula
- Barania Ridge ( Pasmo Baraniej Góry or Pasmo Wiślańskie ), east of the Vistula
- Klimczok ridge ( Pasmo Klimczoka ), adjoining the Barania ridge to the north
- Równica Ridge ( Pasmo Równicy ), between the Vistula Valley and the Brennica Valley
topography
The Silesian Beskids are a low mountain range. At 1257 m above sea level, they are among the higher low mountain ranges in Central Europe.
mountains
20 peaks of the Silesian Beskids exceed the 1,000 meter limit. They are all on Polish territory. The Czantoria Wielka on the Polish-Czech border is the highest Czech peak in the Silesian Beskids at 995 m above sea level.
In the Czantoria ridge
Czantoria Wielka ( 995 m ), Kiczory ( 990 m ), Stożek Wielki ( 978 m ), Kyrkawica ( 973 m ), Cieślar ( 918 m ), Soszów Wielki ( 886 m ), Czantoria Mała ( 866 m ), Stożek Mały ( 843 m ) m ), Młoda Góra ( 834 m ), Soszów Mały ( 762 m ), Bukowa ( 713 m ), Ostry ( 709 m ), Krzywy ( 646 m ), Tuł ( 621 m ), Czajka ( 572 m ) and Wróżna ( 571 m ).
In the Barania ridge
Skrzyczne ( 1257 m ), Barania Góra ( 1220 m ), Małe Skrzyczne ( 1211 m ), Wierch Wisełka ( 1192 m ), Równiański Wierch ( 1160 m ), Zielony Kopiec ( 1152 m ), Malinowska Skała ( 1152 m ), Magurka Wiślańska ( 1129 m ), Przysłop ( 1029 m ), Jaworzyna ( 1020 m ), Ostre ( 930 m ), Skalite ( 864 m ), Kubalonka ( 830 m ), Beskidek ( 830 m ), Góra Zabawa ( 823 m ), Mała Cisowa ( 828 m ), Szarcula ( 803 m ), Kołowrót ( 798 m ), Motykowa Górka ( 792 m ), Filipionki ( 779 m ), Kozińce ( 776 m ), Niesłychany Groń ( 744 m ), Zadni Groń ( 728 m ), Górna Równia ( 676 m ), Mała Barania ( 659 m ) and Równia ( 610 m ).
- in the northern ridge Malinów ( 1114 m ), Pass Przełęcz Salmopolska ( 934 m ), Grabowa ( 907 m ), Kotarz ( 948 m ), Hyrca ( 929 m ), Beskid Węgierski ( 930 m ), Beskid ( 860 m ) and the pass Przełęcz Karkoszczonka ( 736 m ),
- in the southern side ridge Karolówka ( 930 m ), Gańczorka ( 901 m ), Tyniok ( 892 m ), Pass Przełęcz Koniakowska ( 732 m ), Sołowy Wierch ( 850 m ), Ochodzita ( 894 m ), Koczy Zamek ( 847 m ), Siwoniowski ( 798 m ), Złoty Groń ( 710 m ) and Szyroki Wierch ( 702 m ),
- in the eastern side ridge Trzy Kopce ( 1082 m ), Stołów ( 1035 m ), Kościelec ( 1022 m ), Magurka Radziechowska ( 1108 m ), Muronka ( 1021 m ), Glinne ( 1034 m ), Wielka Cisowa ( 872 m ), Czerwieńska Grapa ( 838 m ), Cupel ( 882 m ), Cupel ( 736 m ), Łazek ( 713 m ), Syberia ( 637 m ), Zebrzydka ( 579 m ) and Sumowa Grapa ,
- as well as in the western ridge of Stary Groń ( 798 m ), Horzelica ( 797 m ) and Cienków ( 957 m ).
In the Klimczok ridge
Klimczok ( 1117 m ) with the pass Przełęcz Siodło ( 1042 m ), Magura ( 1095 m ), Szyndzielnia ( 1028 m ), Błatnia ( 917 m ), Pod Błatnią ( 853 m ), Przykra ( 824 m ), Wielka Polana ( 788 m ), Wysokie ( 756 m ), Cuberniok ( 731 m ), Kopany ( 690 m ), Palenica ( 688 m ), Dębowiec ( 686 m ), Kozia Góra ( 683 m ) and Bucznik ( 683 m ).
In the Równica ridge
Równica ( 884 m ), Smerekowiec ( 835 m ), Gościejów ( 818 m ), Orłowa ( 813 m ), Trzy Kopce Wiślańskie ( 810 m ), Jawierzny ( 799 m ), Kamienny ( 790 m ), Obora ( 790 m ), Tokarnia ( 712 m ), Lipowski Groń ( 743 m ), Żar ( 688 m ), Palenica ( 672 m ) and Skalica ( 487 m ).
Mountain passes
Most of the mountain passes of the Silesian Beskids lie on the Barania ridge.
Name of the mountain pass | German name | Height (m above sea level) | annotation |
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Przełęcz Baracht | Baracht Pass | 765 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Beskidek | Beskidek pass | 668 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Beskidek | Beskidek pass | 684 | Czantoria ridge, Poland and the Czech Republic |
Brama Wilkowicka | Wolfsdorfer Tor | 415 | Silesian Beskids / Little Beskids , Poland |
Przełęcz Jabłonkowska | Jablunka Pass | 553 | Silesian Beskids / Moravian-Silesian Beskids , Czech Republic |
Przełęcz Karkoszczonka | Karkoszczonka Pass | 729 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Kołowrót | Kołowrót Pass | 770 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Koniakowska | Kaniaków Pass | 766 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Kozia | Goats pass | 608 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Kubalonka | Kubalonka pass | 758 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Łączecko | Łączecko Pass | 774 | Czantoria ridge, Poland |
Przełęcz nad Roztocznym | Above the Roztoczny Pass | 1058 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz pod Tułem | Under the Tuł Pass | 535 | Czantoria ridge, Poland |
Przełęcz pod Zebrzydką | Under the Zebrzydka Pass | 520 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Siodełko | Small saddle pass | 795 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Przysłop | Przysłop Pass | 701 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Rupienka | Rupienka pass | 672 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Salmopolska | Salmopol Pass | 934 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Siodło | Saddle pass | 742 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Siodło pod Klimczokiem | Under the Klimczok saddle | 1042 | Klimczok Ridge, Poland |
Siodło pod Przykrą | Under the Przykra saddle | 824 | Klimczok Ridge, Poland |
Siodło pod Równią | Under the Równia saddle | 598 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Szarcula | Szarcula Pass | 761 | Barania Crest, Poland |
Przełęcz Zwardońska | Zwardoń Pass | 675 | Silesian Beskids / Saybuscher Beskids , Poland |
Mountain valleys
The most important mountain valley in the Silesian Beskids is the Vistula valley, which separates the Czantoria ridge in the west from the Barania ridge and the Równica ridge in the east. In the Barania ridge, the rivers Brennica, Wapienica, Żylica and Olsa form mountain valleys.
Waters
Lakes
There are two reservoirs in the Silesian Beskids:
Name of the lake | German name | flow | Height (m) | image |
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Jezioro Czerniańskie | Czerna lake | Vistula | 500 | |
Jezioro Wielka Łąka | Big meadow lake | Wapienica | 478 |
Flowing waters
The Silesian Beskids are drained to the north and east by the Vistula and its tributaries such as the Brennica, Iłownica, Biała and Soła, and to the west by the Olsa and Hluchová towards the Oder . The Czadeczka flows south towards the Danube.
water falls
In the Silesian Beskids there are numerous waterfalls and rapids on the upper streams of the mountain rivers. The best known are the Kaskady Rodła on the upper Biała Wisełka on the slope of the Barania Góra .
Name of the waterfall | German name | Brook | Height (m) |
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Kaskady Rodła | Cascades of the Rodło | Biała Wisełka | 5 |
caves
The Silesian Beskids are rich in caves. There are no more caves in any other part of the Beskydy Mountains than in the Silesian Beskydy Mountains. The currently known 415 caves measure a total length of over 12,000 km. The longest cave in the Beskids, Jaskinia Wiślańska , is also located in the Silesian Beskids. The caves of the Silesian Beskids are generally only accessible to professional cave-goers. Inexperienced amateurs can enter some of the caves on so-called open days under the supervision of an experienced cave explorer.
In the Silesian Beskids there are numerous waterfalls and rapids on the upper streams of the mountain rivers. The best known are the Kaskady Rodła on the upper Biała Wisełka on the slope of the Barania Góra .
Name of the cave | German name | mountain | Length (m) |
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Jaskinia Wiślańska | Vistula Cave | Malinów | 2275 |
Jaskinia Miecharska | Miecharska cave | Malinów | 1838 |
Jaskinia w Trzech Kopcach | Cave in the three hills | Trzy Kopce | 1250 |
Jaskinia Salmopolska | Salmopol Cave | Przełęcz Salmopolska | 1010 |
Jaskinia Ostra-Rolling Stones | Sharp Rolling Stones Cave | Ostre | 885 |
Jaskinia Głęboka w Stołowie | Deep cave | Stołów | 554 |
Jaskinia Dująca | Blowing cave | Stołów | 498 |
Jaskinia Ali Baby w Klimczoku | Ali Baba Cave | Klimczok | 328 |
Jaskinia Malinowska | Malinów cave | Malinów | 231 |
Jaskinia Wiślanka | Small Vistula Cave | Malinów | 147 |
Jaskinia Piętrowa w Klimczoku | Step cave | Klimczok | 130 |
Jaskinia Chłodna | Cold cave | Muronka | 125 |
Dziura w Stołowie | Hole in the Stołów | Stołów | 104 |
Jaskinia Pajęcza | Spider cave | Skrzyczne | 61 |
Jaskinia pod Balkonem | Cave under the balcony | Muronka | 45 |
Jaskinia Lodowa w Szczyrku | Ice cave | Hyrca | 32 |
nature
flora
The flora of the Silesian Beskids can be divided into different sections according to altitude, with no tree line:
- 1,000–1,250 m above sea level - there are coniferous forests here and the spruce ( Picea abies ) dominates.
- up to 1,000 m above sea level - there are mixed forests with spruce, fir and beech trees. Oak and hornbeam forests , which originally dominated here, are now rare. The sycamore maple can be found on the slopes . There are alluvial forests in the stream valleys . At all altitudes there are alpine pastures and mountain meadows, but most of them are overgrown.
fauna
Among the birds, the following occur in particular: ring owl , mountain pipit , capercaillie and hazel grouse . Native mammals are: wolf , lynx and brown bear , the latter mostly only temporarily migrating from the Saybuscher Beskids . Numerous species of bats can be found in the caves. Numerous species of butterflies appear on the mountain meadows and alpine pastures, including the great fire butterfly . Fire salamanders and bullheads can be found on the streams.
natural reserve
Most of the Silesian Beskids on the Polish side - the Barania Ridge and the Czantoria Ridge - is protected by the Silesian Beskids Landscape Protection Park (Polish: Park Krajobrazowy Beskidu Śląskiego). The 38,620 ha (plus 22,285 surrounding area) landscape park was created in 1998. It is located in the municipality of Bielsko-Biała , Szczyrk , Węgierska Górka , Milówka , Istebna , Wisła , Ustroń , Brenna , Buczkowice , Goleszów , Jaworze , Lipowa, Radziechowy-Wieprz and Wilkowice . There are numerous strictly protected nature reserves within the landscape protection park:
Name of the nature reserve | German name | size | local community | image |
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Rezerwat przyrody Barania Góra | Widderberg nature reserve | 383.04 ha | Wisła | |
Rezerwat przyrody Czantoria | Czantoria nature reserve | 97.71 ha | Ustroń | |
Rezerwat przyrody Dolina Łańskiego Potoku | Łański Potok Valley Nature Reserve | 46.89 ha | Jasienica / Grodziec | |
Rezerwat przyrody Jaworzyna | Jaworzyna nature reserve | 40.03 hectares | Bielsko-Biała | |
Rezerwat przyrody Kuźnie | Blacksmiths nature reserve | 7.22 ha | Lipowa / Twardorzeczka | |
Rezerwat przyrody Stok Szyndzielni | Szyndzielnia-Hang nature reserve | 54.96 ha | Bielsko-Biała | |
Rezerwat przyrody Wisła | Vistula nature reserve | 17.61 ha | Wisła | |
Rezerwat przyrody Zadni Gaj | Hinterer Hain nature reserve | 6.39 ha | Goleszów | |
Lasy Beskidu Śląskiego | Forests of the Silesian Beskids | 39.80 ha | Wisła |
climate
The Silesian Beskids are characterized by high precipitation, 800 to 1200 mm per year, and a long snow cover. The amount of precipitation and the length of the snow cover increase with the altitude. Cold and wet north-westerly winds predominate.
The annual mean temperature on the peaks is 5.4 C and in the valleys 8.5 C. The coldest month is January and the warmest is July. In spring and autumn, foehn occurs, which is called Halny (German: Almwind) here.
Thanks to the clean mountain air, the intense solar radiation and humidity, the microclimate of the Silesian Beskids is considered healthy for those with lung, heart and nervous diseases, which is why Ustroń is valued as a climatic health resort.
Culture
Alpine farming
During the Middle Ages, hunters and shepherds came to the Silesian Beskids. From the 13th to the 15th century, settlers from Wallachia came to southern Poland. The Wallachians were mainly shepherds and ran cattle and mountain pastures in the Beskids . From the early modern period, the valleys of the Silesian Beskids were also used for alpine farming. Mixed and coniferous forests were cleared to create pastures for cattle breeding. The alpine pastures (Polish: Hala ) were usually named after the rich shepherd families who acquired ownership rights to the pastures. Many landowners in the Silesian Beskids were expropriated after the Second World War. The alpine pasture is still operated in the Silesian Beskids. Many alpine pastures also grow over with the original vegetation. The old alpine huts and the names of the mountain meadows in the Silesian Beskids are still traces of alpine farming.
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Góralen
The architecture, art, costume, music, cuisine and literature of the Silesian Beskids are seen as part of the Góralen culture . The Góralen are mountain people, "góra" is Polish for mountain. In the Silesian Beskids, Silesian Góralen (Polish: Górale śląscy) live in the valleys of the Brennica, Vistula, Soła and Olsa in Poland and the Czech Republic, as well as Saybuscher Góralen (Polish: Górale żywieccy) in the eastern part of the mountains. Their folklore goes back in part to the Wallachians who came to the Beskids from Wallachia in the late Middle Ages.
The Silesian Góralen inhabit the higher sections of the mountain valleys, which originally belonged to the Duchy of Teschen - on both sides of the border of the Olsa area. Their dialect and folklore are closely related to those of the other górals in the Beskids. The Silesian Góralen Cultural Festival takes place in Jablunkov every year in August. The lower mountain valleys, on the other hand, are inhabited by the Silesian Lachen (Polish: Lachy śląskie), who speak the Teschen dialects and differ from the Górals in their folklore.
In addition to the eastern slopes of the Silesian Beskids, the Saybuscher Góralen also inhabit the Little Beskids and the Saybuscher Beskids in the Saybuscher Land in Lesser Poland .
Beer culture
Already in the Middle Ages it was recognized that the water of the mountain streams of the Silesian Beskids is very suitable as brewing water. In the 15th century a brewery was established in Cieszyn, managed by the townspeople, which brewed with water from the Olsa . In 1838 Karl Habsburg decided to build a brewery on the Teschener Burgberg . The Cieszyn Castle Brewery was entered in the commercial register in 1847 - in its final years of operation. His son and successor Albrecht Habsburg founded a second brewery in Żywiec in 1852 - registered in the commercial register in 1856 - which brewed with the water of the Leśna . Both breweries in the Silesian Beskids were very successful and exported their products to all lands of the Habsburg monarchy. In the interwar period, the Habsburg breweries were among the largest beer producers in the Second Polish Republic . In the course of the Soviet occupation of Poland, the Habsburgs were expropriated in 1944, but the breweries continued to function in the People's Republic . Today, both breweries are the main producers of Grupa Żywiec , the second largest Polish brewer with a market share of around 30%. The Heineken Group currently holds 61% of the shares in Grupa Żywiec SA
buildings
There are numerous baroque wooden churches in the Silesian Beskids, some of which date back to the 16th century. A specialty of the region are the Protestant forest churches, which were built at the time of the Habsburg Counter-Reformation, when the holding of Protestant church services was forbidden in the Duchy of Teschen . Lookout towers are located on the peaks of Barania Góra , Skrzyczne and Czantoria Wielka . The most important buildings in the Silesian Beskids include:
Building | Place / mountain | image |
Presidential Castle | Wisła | |
Hedwig's Church | Wisła | |
Habsburg hunting lodge | Wisła | |
Anna Church | Ustroń | |
Observation tower | Barania Góra |
tourism
Transport links
The Silesian Beskids are the best part of the Beskids for tourism . In particular, Bielsko-Biała , Ustroń , Wisła , Brenna and Szczyrk have a well-developed tourist infrastructure.
train
The railway line 117 connects Krakow with Bielsko-Biala , the northeast corner of the Silesian Beskid. There is also a well-developed railway connection between Katowice and Bielsko-Biała main station , the railway line 139 , which continues on the eastern and southern edges of the Silesian Beskids through the Wolfsdorf Gate , the Saybuscher Basin and the Przełęcz Zwardońska to Zwardoń on the southern edge of the Silesian Beskids and continues to Slovakia. Line 190 runs from Bielsko-Biała to Cieszyn on the northern edge of the Silesian Beskids , and continues to the Czech Republic.
From here the railway line 191 branches off in Goleszów through the Vistula valley to Wisła Głębce in Wisła to the south and runs through the middle of the Silesian Beskids between the Równica / Barania and the Czanrotia ridge. The route, built in the 1930s, was originally intended to be connected to route 139 in Zwardoń in the south with a tunnel under the Przełęcz Kubalonka pass , but the plans were thwarted by the Second World War and were not resumed afterwards.
Street
In the south of the Silesian Voivodeship , the A1 motorway crosses from the Czech border in the south to Gdansk in the north and the A4 motorway from the German border at Görlitz in the west to the Ukrainian border at Przemyśl in the east. Bielsko-Biała can be easily reached from Kraków via the S52 expressway in around two hours and from Katowice via the S1 expressway in around an hour. The S52 expressway continues on the northern edge of the Silesian Beskids to the west, where it merges into expressway 48 near Cieszyn in the Czech Republic. The S1 expressway continues on the eastern and southern edges of the Silesian Beskids to the south, where it merges into the D3 expressway near Zwardoń in Slovakia. The Czech expressway 11 runs along the western edge of the Silesian Beskids.
Provincial road 941 runs from Skoczów , where it is the southern extension of expressway 81 from Katowice , through Ustroń and Wisła to Istebna, right through the middle of the Silesian Beskids in a north-south direction . In Wisła the voivodship road 942 branches off to the east , which leads via Szczyrk to Bielsko-Biała. On the Olsa Valley, the 943 voivodship road runs from Laliki via Koniaków to Istebna and on to the Czech Republic in a west-east direction . In Ustroń, a serpentine mountain road branches off from Voivodship Road 942 to the top of Równica .
Airports
There is a commercial airfield in Bielsko-Biała , from which glider pilots also take off. The nearest international airports are located in Krakow-Balice on the S52 approx. Two hours by car east of Bielsko-Biała and in Katowice-Pyrzowice on the A1 and S1 approx. 1.5 hours north of Bielsko-Biała.
Summer sports
Hiking and mountaineering
Before Poland and the Czech Republic joined the Schengen Agreement, there were eleven border crossings in and around the Silesian Beskids. Since joining, the green Polish-Czech border can be crossed at any point. There are no border controls. In nature reserves, however, leaving the marked hiking trails to protect nature may be prohibited. The main Beskydy hiking trail also begins in the Silesian Beskids and runs as follows in the Silesian Beskids:
- ▬ Marked in red from Ustroń - Równica - Czantoria Wielka - Stożek Wielki - Przełęcz Kubalonka - Barania Góra - Węgierska Górka
Mountain huts
There are several refuges for hikers in the Silesian Beskids.
Mountain hut | Height in m above sea level | image |
PTTK - Błatna Mountain Hut | 891 | |
PTTK - Klimczok Mountain Hut | 1034 | |
PTTK - Barania Góra Mountain Hut | 900 | |
PTTK - Równica Mountain Hut | 785 | |
PTTK - Skrzyczne Mountain Hut | 1250 | |
PTTK - Stożek Mountain Hut | 979 | |
PTTK - Szyndzielnia Mountain Hut | 1001 | |
Skibówki mountain hut | 885 | |
Kozia Góra mountain hut | 686 | |
Dęboiec mountain hut | 686 | |
Soszów Wielki Mountain Hut | 792 | |
Stecówka mountain hut | 760 | |
Uncle Tom's hut on Przełęcz Karkoszczonka | 736 | |
Telesforówka mountain hut on Trzy Kopce Wiślańskie | 810 | |
Pietraszonka mountain hut | 600 |
Lifts
Hikers and winter sports enthusiasts can use the following lifts and gondolas.
Chair lift / gondola lift | mountain | Valley location | length | image |
Szyndzielnia gondola | Szyndzielnia | Bielsko-Biała | 1810 m | |
Hala Skrzyczeńska gondola lift | Małe Skrzyczne | Szczyrk | 1427 m | |
Skrzyczne chairlift | Skrzyczne | Szczyrk | 2773 m | |
Czantoria chairlift | Czantoria Wielka | Ustroń | 1604 m |
Climb
In the Silesian Beskids there are isolated rock formations that would be suitable for climbing, but these are usually protected, so climbing is prohibited here.
water sports
Bathing and swimming is popular on the lower reaches of the Vistula in Wisła and Ustroń in the summer months.
bicycle
Driving and motorcycling are popular in the Silesian Beskids. There are designated cycle routes in and around the Silesian Beskids. The Tour de Pologne is often a guest here.
Flying and jumping
Glider pilots and parachutists take off from the Żar glider airfield in the Little Beskids . Paragliding is particularly popular from the peaks around Szczyrk .
Winter sports
To ski
There are numerous ski areas in the Silesian Beskids.
Surname | place |
Altitude in m |
Lift systems |
Slopes in km |
Web link | image | |
from | to | ||||||
Cieńków ski area | Wisła | 720 | 524 | 6th | 6.87 | Website | |
Soszów ski area | Wisła | 886 | 610 | 5 | 5.7 | Website | |
Nowa Osada ski area | Wisła | 681 | 485 | 3 | 4th | Website | |
Stożek ski area | Wisła | 959 | 713 | 3 | 3.3 | Website | |
Stok ski area | Wisła | 655 | 482 | 3 | 2.2 | Website | |
Klepki ski area | Wisła | 3 | 1.8 | Website | |||
Skolnity ski area | Wisła | 2 | 2.1 | Website | |||
Czantoria ski area | Ustroń | 851 | 389 | 4th | 4.5 | Website | |
Palenica Ustroń ski area | Ustroń | 668 | 434 | 1 | 1 | Website | |
Poniwiec Mała Czantoria ski area | Ustroń | 2 | 1.1 | Website | |||
Zagroń ski area | Istebna | 684 | 552 | 3 | 3.7 | Website | |
Złoty Groń ski area | Istebna | 700 | 550 | 3 | 3.7 | Website | |
Szczyrk Mountain Resort ski area | Szczyrk | 1211 | 618 | 17th | 22.2 | Website | |
COS OPO ski area | Szczyrk | 1257 | 540 | 5 | 13.4 | Website | |
Beskid Sport Arena ski area | Szczyrk | 840 | 590 | 4th | 2.67 | Website | |
Szyndzielnia ski area | Bielsko-Biała | 1001 | 509 | 4th | 2.5 | Website | |
Dębowiec ski area | Bielsko-Biała | 525.5 | 420 | 2 | 0.7 | Website |
Cross-country skiing
Cross-country skiing is particularly popular in Wisła . The cross-country ski trail begins on the Przełęcz Kubalonka pass and leads over the slopes of the Barania Góra .
Ski jumping
In the Silesian Beskids there are two large ski jumping hills in Wisła ( Malinka ) and Szczyrk ( Skalite ski jumps ). There are also numerous smaller, lesser-known jumps.
Jump | mountain | place | Hill record | image |
Malinka | Cienków | Wisła | 139 m | |
Skalite ski jumps | Scalite | Szczyrk | 116 m |
See also
- Physical geography of Galicia
- Silesian Piasts
- Duchy of Teschen
- Duchy of Auschwitz
- Beskydy Mountains
- Góralen
literature
- Mirosław Barański: Beskid Śląski. Pasmo Baraniej Góry. Warszawa 1999, ISBN 83-7005-423-4 .
- Mirosław Barański, Mirosław: Beskid Śląski. Pasma Klimczoka i Równicy. Warszawa 1995, ISBN 83-7005-360-2 .
- MJ Barański: Beskid Śląski. Pasmo Stożka i Czantorii. Warszawa: Wydaw. PTTK “Kraj”, 1996, ISBN 83-7005-370-X .
- MJ Barański: Beskid Śląski. Przewodnik. Oficyna Wydawnicza “Rewasz”, Pruszków 2007, ISBN 978-83-89188-71-7 .
- Wladyslaw Krygowski: Beskidy. Śląski, Żywiecki, Mały. Warsaw 1974.
- Jerzy Działak: Beskid Śląski. Warsaw 1953.
- T. Rzeczycki: Góry Polski. Emmanuel, Katowice 2004, ISBN 83-86704-10-1 .