Skoczów

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Skoczów ( German Skotschau)
Skoczów coat of arms
Skoczów (German Skotschau) (Poland)
Skoczów (German Skotschau)
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Silesia
Powiat : Cieszyn
Area : 9.79  km²
Geographic location : 49 ° 49 ′  N , 18 ° 48 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 49 ′ 0 ″  N , 18 ° 48 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 14,385
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 43-430
Telephone code : (+48) 33
License plate : SCI
Economy and Transport
Street : Częstochowa - Wisła
Next international airport : Katowice
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 11 districts
Surface: 63.27 km²
Residents: 26,943
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 426 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2403103
Administration (as of 2016)
Mayor : Miroslaw Sitko
Address: Rynek 1
43-430 Skoczów
Website : www.skoczow.pl



Evangelical town church
East side of the market square
West side of the market square
Jonas Fountain on the market square

Skoczów [ ˈskɔt͡ʂuf ] pronunciation ? / i ( German Skotschau , Czech : Skočov ) is a city in the Polish Voivodeship of Silesia . Skoczów is located north of the Silesian Beskids on the Vistula and belongs to the powiat Cieszyński . Audio file / audio sample  

history

The city is located in the Olsa region (also Teschner Schlesien , Polish Śląsk Cieszyński ) and is the oldest city on the upper Vistula.

From the 7th to the 9th centuries there was a Slavic rampart from the Golensizen tribe in neighboring Międzyświeć . According to legend, the city was founded in 917. Presumably it was first mentioned in a document as Coczow in 1282 . Later the place was also mentioned as Tskochov / Scotschow / Scoschow (1327), Skotschau (1440), Skotczuow (1447), Skozuff (1448), Skoczaw (1452), Skoczow (1470). The name is derived from the possessive name Skocz .

Politically, it originally belonged to the Duchy of Teschen , which existed from 1290 during the period of Polish particularism . Since 1327 the duchy existed as a feudal lordship of the Kingdom of Bohemia . In the accompanying document, Skoczów is mentioned as oppidum Scocoviense . The term oppidum probably indicated Ius Ducale . Since 1526 it belonged to the Habsburg monarchy . In the years 1573 and 1577 to approx. 1594 there was a short-lived rulership Skotschau- Schwarzwasser .

Skoczów received Magdeburg law in the late 14th century and the new town was laid out around today's market square. The parish church was built on an oval square on the site of the first center. This was first mentioned in the Peterspfennigregister in the Teschen deanery in 1447 as Scotczowa . In 1470 Skotschau was completely destroyed by fire. In the same year, Duke Casimir II of Teschen rebuilt and enlarged the city. There were two more fires in 1713 and 1756.

After 1540 under Wenceslaus III. Adam the Reformation . The new denomination was particularly popular with the urban elite. However, some of the residents remained Catholic, such as Jan Sarkander . The parish church was taken over by Lutherans and became Catholic again after 1610. The Thirty Years' War resulted in huge material and demographic losses. In 1652 the city was visited by the episcopal visitation of Wroclaw . The majority of the population was Lutheran and Polish- speaking ( concio Polonica ). The German-speaking part of the population was too small at that time to hold their own services in this language. This situation changed in the second half of the 18th century.

In the years 1782 to 1785 the new Reichsstraße was built between Teschen and Bielitz, which ran through Skotschau. After the abolition of patrimonial Skotschau was from 1850 a judicial district in Austrian Silesia , Bielitz district . In the meantime the ethnographic group of the Teschen Wallachians took on a clear shape, also living in Skotschau. They traditionally spoke Teschen dialects , although Skotschau was a linguistically and denominationally mixed city at that time.

In 1853 five oil lamps were installed in the city center, which always glow until midnight. In June 1888 the Silesian and Galician city railway line reached the city. In 1910 another fire raged in the city, destroying a school, a courthouse and 21 houses in the city center. In the early 20th century it became a center of the so-called Schlonsaken under the guidance of the local teacher Józef Kożdoń .

In 1920, after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the end of the Polish-Czechoslovak border war (with the most important battle of the war near the city), Skoczów became part of Poland. It then belonged to the autonomous Silesian Voivodeship , Powiat Cieszyński. This was only interrupted by the occupation of Poland by the Wehrmacht in World War II . It then belonged to the district of Teschen in the administrative district of Katowice in the province of Silesia (since 1941 province of Upper Silesia ).

In 1995 Pope John Paul II visited the city of Skoczów and canonized Jan Sarkander from Skoczów there.

Population development

year 1250 1327 1400 1447 1550 1600 1650 1880 1890 1900 1910 1921 1990 2000
Residents 80 to 100 200 390 450 900 1110 700 to 850 3081 3191 3196 3705 3494 14,894 15,171
  1. ↑ About 20% of them were immigrants, probably Germans
  2. ↑ Including: 2136 (69.9%) Polish speakers, 909 (29.5%) German speakers, 36 (1.2%) Czech speakers;
  3. ↑ Including: 2083 (65.3%) Polish speakers, 1099 (34.3%) German speakers, 9 (0.3%) Czech speakers;
  4. ↑ Including: 1730 (54.1%) Polish speakers, 1432 (44.8%) German speakers, 34 (1.1%) Polish speakers; 2,298 (70.9%) Roman Catholic, 721 (22.2%) Protestant, 222 (6.8%) Israelite;
  5. ↑ Including: 1794 (48.4%) Polish speakers, 1863 (50.3%) German speakers, 48 ​​(1.3%) Czech speakers; 2,443 (65.3%) Roman Catholic, 1,042 (27.8%) Protestant, 247 (6.6%) Israelite;
  6. ↑ Including: 2802 Poles, 569 Germans, 116 Jews; 2313 Roman Catholic, 956 Protestant, 207 Israelite;

Culture

  • Museum of St. Jan Sarkander ( Pl.Muzeum Św. Jana Sarkandra )
The cult of St. Jan Sarkander has spread in Silesia since his martyrdom in 1620. Sources from the 17th century indicate that Jan Sarkander was born in a town house next to the town hall .

local community

The urban and rural community ( gmina miejsko-wiejska ) Skoczów is divided into the eponymous capital and the following districts with a Schulzenamt ( solectwo ) :

The municipality belongs to the Śląsk Cieszyński Euroregion .

  • The parish in the powiat Cieszyński

  • Localities of the municipality

  • The Rococo Town Hall in Skoczów

  • Peter and Paul Church

  • Holy Cross Church

  • Johanneskapelle

Panorama of the city with Silesian Beskids in the background

Twin cities

Personalities

literature

  • Idzi Panic: Studia z dziejów Skoczowa w czasach piastowskich . BIBLOS, Skoczów 2005, ISBN 83-7332-246-9 (Polish).

Web links

Commons : Skoczów  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Skotzaw in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ^ Idzi Panic: Studia z dziejów Skoczowa w czasach piastowskich . BIBLOS, Skoczów 2005, ISBN 83-7332-246-9 , p. 68 .
  3. ^ Idzi Panic: Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 294 (Polish).
  4. ↑ Robert Mrózek: nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN  0208-6336 , p. 160 (Polish).
  5. ^ I. Panic, 2005, p. 105
  6. ^ Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti . In: H. Markgraf (Ed.): Journal of the Association for History and Antiquity of Silesia . 27, Breslau, pp. 361-372. Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  7. ↑ Idzi Panic: Śląsk Cieszyński w początkach czasów nowożytnych (1528–1653) [History of the Duchy of Cieszyn at the beginning of modern times (1528–1653)] . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2011, ISBN 978-83-926929-1-1 , p. 190 (Polish).
  8. ↑ Janusz Spyra: Śląsk Cieszyński w okresie 1653-1848 [Cieszyn Silesia from 1653 to 1848] . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2012, ISBN 978-83-935147-1-7 , p. 173, 177 (Polish).
  9. ↑ Marcin Żerański: Śląsk Cieszyński. Od Bielska-Białej do Ostrawy . Pracownia na pastwiskach, Cieszyn 2012, ISBN 978-83-933109-3-7 , p. 28 (Polish).
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g Studia z dziejów Skoczowa ..., 2005, pp. 214–215
  11. ↑ a b c d Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 265, 283 (Polish, opole.pl ).
  12. ↑ Ludwig Patryn (ed.): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia. Troppau 1912.
  13. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny: Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Województwo krakowskie i Śląsk Cieszyński . Warszawa 1925, p. 69 (Polish, Woj.krakowskie i Sląsk Cieszynski miejscowości.pdf ).