Teschen Wallachians

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The area of ​​the Teschen Wallachians in Teschen Silesia

Teschener Wallachians (Polish Wałasi cieszyńscy , Czech Těšínští Valaši ) are the names of the members of a group of Polish Silesians living near Teschen and Skotschau (in the 19th century so-called Water Polaks ), one of the four main groups in Cieszyn Silesia . They speak Teschen dialects , but the main characteristic of them was the Teschen costume. Although the name of this group is identical to the name of the Carpathian Wallachians (Polish Wołosi or Wałasi ), there is no direct connection to them. The name of the Teschen Wallachians was probably coined as a mocking name by neighboring groups.

The culture of the ethnic group flourished in the second half of the 19th century after the abolition of patrimonial rule and serfdom in what was then eastern Austrian Silesia . The Cieszyn Wallachians live in the Silesian foothills and on the northwestern slopes of the Silesian Beskids in the tributary area of ​​the Vistula and the Olsa in Poland and in the Czech Republic. The exact territorial extent of the Teschen Wallachians is difficult to give due to the overlapping cultural elements with neighboring groups, especially in the border areas. Its neighbors are the Silesian Lachen in the northwest and the Silesian Gorals in the south, the latter being more closely linked to the Carpathian Wallachian culture. In the east was the German-speaking Bielitz-Biala language island .

The majority of the population is Roman Catholic in Poland or not a believer in the Czech Republic, but the area of ​​the Cieszyn Wallachians is known in both countries for an exceptionally high proportion of Lutherans. The Polish diocese of Cieszyn covers the entire area of ​​the Cieszyn Wallachians in Poland, as does the Czech Silesian Evangelical Church AB in the Czech Republic.

The folklore of the Cieszyn Wallachians was made known in Poland by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka , among others . The objects connected with the Teschen Wallachians were u. a. from the Museum of Teschener Silesia in Cieszyn, or the municipal museums in Skoczów, Ustroń , and in the Muzeum Těšínska in Český Těšín .

  • Jakob Alt : "Near Teschen" (1840)

  • Henryk Jastrzembski: Farmer near Teschen (1846)

  • A woman in traditional costume (1914)

  • A woman in traditional costume

  • Women in Teschen Costumes in Skoczów (1938)

  • The Olsa group of the Cieszyn Wallachians on a parade of the Polish minority in Karviná in 2007

  • A traditional wooden house in Dębowiec (Baumgarten)

literature

  • Marian Dembiniok: O Góralach, Wałachach, Lachach i Jackach na Śląsku Cieszyńskim / O goralech, Valaších, Laších a Jaccích na Těšínském Slezsku . Ed .: REGIO. 2010, ISBN 978-80-904230-4-6 , Wałasi cieszyńscy (Polish, Czech).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ethnographic map of the Austrian monarchy by Carl Freiherr von Czörnig (1855)
  2. ↑ a b Zróżnicowanie etnograficzne obecnego województwa śląskiego . Śląskie Centrum Dziedzictwa Kulturowego w Katowicach.
  3. ↑ a b c Marian Dembiniok, O Góralach, 2010, p. 47.
  4. ↑ Longin Malicki: Strój Gorali Śląskich . Ed .: Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze (=  Atlas polskich strojów ludowych; cz. 3. Śląsk; z. 3 ). Wrocław 1956, p. 23 . , a: Gustaw Fierla: Strój Lachów Śląskich . Ed .: Polskie Towarzystwo Ludoznawcze (=  Atlas polskich strojów ludowych. Cz. 3, Śląsk; z. 4 ). Wrocław 1969, p. 19 .
  5. ↑ January Stanisław Bystroń: Ugrupowanie etniczne ludu polskiego . Ed .: Orbis. Kraków 1925, p. 11 ( zgora.pl ).