Zgorzelec

Zgorzelec
	Zgorzelec
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Lower Silesia
Powiat :	Zgorzelec
Geographic location :	51 ° 9 '  N , 15 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 9 '1 "  N , 15 ° 0' 31"  E
Height :	209 m npm
Residents :	30,374 (June 30, 2019)
Postal code :	59-900 to 59-903
Telephone code :	(+48) 75
License plate :	DZG
Economy and Transport
Street :	A4 : Dresden – Breslau
	Droga krajowa 30 : Zgorzelec – Jelenia Góra
Rail route :	Görlitz – Węgliniec
	Zgorzelec – Wałbrzych
Next international airport :	Dresden Airport
	Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype:	Borough
Surface:	15.88 km²
Residents:	30,374 (June 30, 2019)
Population density :	1913 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ):	0225021
Administration (as of 2014)
Mayor :	Rafał Gronicz ( PO )
Address:	ul. Domańskiego 7 59-900 Zgorzelec
Website :	www.zgorzelec.eu

Zgorzelec [ zgɔ'ʐɛlɛʦ ] ( Zgorzelec ^{? / I} , German Görlitz , Upper Sorbian Zhorjelc , Upper Lusatian : Gerlz , Gerltz or Gerltsch ) is a town on the eastern bank of the Lusatian Neisse . It is located in the eastern part of Upper Lusatia and is its fourth largest city. Zgorzelec is the county seat of the Powiat Zgorzelecki of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . Zgorzelec has about 30,400 inhabitants and is the seat of the rural municipality of the same name , to which it does not belong.

Since the end of the Second World War and the subsequent demarcation along the Oder-Neisse line, it has been the Polish neighbor of the German city of Görlitz , of which it was once an eastern city . The increased settlement of the Ostvorstadt began at the end of the 19th century. The historic Wilhelminian-style development on the city bridge indicates the expansion of the Görlitz city area at that time. The district was strongly influenced by the military and its barracks.

Today it is a member of the Euroregion Neisse and in 1998 declared itself a joint European city with Görlitz .

geography

Görlitz and its neighboring towns on a map from 1905.

Geographical location

The city is located in Lower Silesia in the Polish part of Upper Lusatia east of the Lusatian Neisse, which breaks through the eastern edge of the Lusatian granite massif with the foothills of the Bohemian- Lusatian border mountains. It is located at the transition between the northern Upper Lusatian heath and pond area and the southern Lusatian mountains . To the south of the plateau of the Neisse breakthrough valley, the Czerwona Woda (red water) flows into the Neisse. The so-called Jägerwäldchen is located on the plateau above the Neisse .

To the north-east of the city is the Görlitzer Heide , a large forest area that was owned by the city until the city was divided in 1945. Today's urban area of ​​Zgorzelec is at around 209  m npm , whereas the riverside regions on the Neisse are at around 175  m npm . The highest elevation is the Drewniak ( Jäckelsberg , formerly also Holzberg ) in the southern district of Ujazd with a height of 225.3  m npm , followed by the Mojeska Góra (Long Mountain) southeast of the municipal cemetery with 224.7  m npm and the Krucze Wzgórze (also Krucza Góra; Rabenberg ) in the Neisse suburb with 221.7  m NPM the approximately 215  m NPM preferred view of the so-called rock pulpit on the opposite Weinberg , the Landskronbrauerei and about 30 meters below Durchbruchtal Nisou has become overgrown.

The 15th meridian of eastern longitude crosses the city. During the winter time , the mean solar time of Zgorzelec coincides with the Central European Time . A paved line has been crossing Ulica Daszyńskiego since 2012, symbolizing the course of the meridian. The city is located at 51 ° 08 ′ north latitude.

The next larger cities are Cottbus about 80 kilometers north-west, Legnica in Lower Silesia (Liegnitz) about 80 kilometers east and the Czech Liberec (Reichenberg) about 50 kilometers south of Zgorzelec. The Lower Silesian voivodeship capital Wroclaw is around 150 kilometers away.

geology

The urban area is largely located on Lausitzer Grauwacke . Only the area south of the city ​​bridge is located on Lusatian granodiorite . The boundary between the two rock layers runs roughly from the city bridge over Ulica Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego, further over Ulica Ignacego Daszyńskiego and Ulica Bohaterów II Armii Wojska Polskiego.

The greywacke is made up of biotite , gray quartz and light feldspar with layers of fine-grain greywacke and dense greywacke slate. South of the Neisse viaduct , at the level of the confluence of the red water, the narrowing of the Neisse valley caused by the hard granodiorite ends.

Expansion of the urban area

The city has an approximate north-south extension of 7.1 kilometers and an east-west extension of about 3.6 kilometers. It extends over an area of ​​15.88 square kilometers. A total of 614 hectares are used for agriculture. This corresponds to 38.6 percent of the city's area. Forested areas take up 3.1 percent of the urban area with 49.3 hectares.

The northernmost point of the city is located north of the Autobahn 4 near the Neisse, the southernmost point is on the southern arterial road Ulica Łużycka at the level of the former Stalag VIII A. The westernmost point is the Neisse bank below the Neisse viaduct, the easternmost is north of the railway line to Lubań in the residential area east of the Ulica Cmentarna bypass.

City structure

and display information about the image

Aerial view of the city center of Zgorzelec: on the left edge of the picture the Johannes-Paul-II-Stadtbrücke, in the middle the former Oberlausitz memorial hall with the park. Paderewskiego and above it extends on the left half of the picture the Wilhelminian-style city center with the former Courbière barracks in the middle of the avenue-like arterial road towards the middle upper edge of the picture, on the right the sports field and on the left the swimming and basketball hall, on the left above the sports halls you can see the complex of former Kleist barracks

The historic Neisse suburb, behind it a modern prefabricated housing estate rises

The historical area of ​​the Görlitzer Ostvorstadt lies below the Raben and Töpferberg. In the Wilhelminian era, new residential areas were added to the historic quarter. For example, the Wilhelminian style streets near Reichenberger Brücke, the garden city on the Rabenberg, the tenement houses around the barracks in the Ostvorstadt and the front-line combatant settlement east of the railway line to Węgliniec (Kohlfurt) were created . After 1945, as in other Polish cities, new building areas were built using prefabricated panels, which exceed the typical building height of the past and thus strongly intervene in the historical cityscape. Some of them are in an outwardly ruinous state. The former front-line combatant settlement east of the railway line to Węgliniec was expanded into an extensive one-family and multi-family settlement, which is followed by the industrial area in the direction of Łagów (Leopoldshain) .

South of the railway line to Wałbrzych (Waldenburg) joins the Ujazd (Moys) district . It is characterized by a rather small-town development. The rest of the urban area is in the following six quarters (Dzielnica) and settlements (Osiedle) divided: Dzielnica Północ (Northern Quarter) , Przedmieście Nyskie (Neisse suburb) , Osiedle Zachód (West settlement) , Osiedle Centralne (central settlement) , Śródmieście (downtown) and Osiedle Słoneczne ( Sunny settlement) .

Neighboring communities

The Gmina Zgorzelec (rural municipality of Zgorzelec) and the neighboring German town of Görlitz reach the city limits . The rural community encloses the city to the north, south and east. The larger cities in the area include Pieńsk (Penzig) in the north, Lubań (Lauban) in the east, Zawidów (Seidenberg) and Bogatynia (Reichenau i. Saxony) in the south.

climate

The average daily maximum temperature in the summer months is over 20 ° C, the average nighttime minimum temperature in the winter months is 0 to −5 ° C. The wettest month is August with an average rainfall of 74 mm. February, however, is the driest month at around 37 mm. The average air temperature in Zgorzelec is 8.2 ° C, the annual rainfall 657 millimeters. The average duration of the growing season with more than 5 ° C is 220 days.

The longest duration of sunshine is in July with around seven hours a day. In December, sunshine averages only one hour and 30 minutes per day.

The data in the climate table below comes from the Görlitz weather station, the German part of the twin cities.

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Görlitz Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 0 0 6th 11 17th 20th 22nd 21st 18th 12 6th 2 O 11.3 Min. Temperature (° C) -3 -5 -1 2 7th 11 13 12 8th 6th 1 0 O 4.3 Temperature (° C) -1.5 -0.4 3.2 7.6 12.6 15.8 17.3 16.9 13.6 9.2 3.9 0.2 O 8.2 Precipitation ( mm ) 46.9 36.8 38.6 49.4 66.1 69.6 70.1 74.4 51.9 44.9 50.9 57.1 Σ 656.7 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.8 2.7 3.9 5.3 6.9 7.0 7.2 6.8 5.1 4.1 1.9 1.5 O 4.5 Rainy days ( d ) 10 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 9 7th 10 12 Σ 116 Humidity ( % ) 85 84 78 74 73 74 73 75 79 81 84 86 O 78.8 T e m p e r a t u r 0 -3 0 -5 6th -1 11 2 17th 7th 20th 11 22nd 13 21st 12 18th 8th 12 6th 6th 1 2 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec N i e d e r s c h l a g 46.9 36.8 38.6 49.4 66.1 69.6 70.1 74.4 51.9 44.9 50.9 57.1   Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst, wetterkontor.de, iten-online.ch

history

The colored copper engraving from 1575 already shows the first houses in the foreground around the Neißebrücke

Siege of the city by imperial-Electoral Saxon troops, the Neisse suburb is laid down except for the buildings on the bridgehead of the old town bridge

→ Main article : History of Görlitz

Suburb outside the city walls

Today's Zgorzelec was the east of the Neisse suburb of Görlitz until 1945 and thus a large part of the history is closely linked to the development of the city of Görlitz. At the site of today's old town bridge, a bridge has been connecting both banks of the Neisse for a long time. The bridge was far and wide the only crossing point for heavy carts. The long-distance traffic from Breslau, Bunzlau, Friedland, Lauban, Prague, Reichenberg, Sagan, Schönberg and Seidenberg as well as local traffic from the rich villages east of the Neisse was concentrated in the Görlitz suburb to the right of the Neisse. A large part of the significant traffic on the few streets of the Neisse suburb only sank with the construction of the railway in 1847 and with the opening of the Reichenberger Bridge in 1875 (today: Johannes-Paul-II-Stadtbrücke) south of the old town bridge.

The hospital tower on the east bank of the bridge formed the outwork of the Neisse gate on the western side of the Neisse and secured the crossing of the Neisse against attacks from the east. However, the city wall only enclosed the districts west of the Neisse. Over the years, the eastern suburb below the Raben and Töpferberg developed around the Spitalturm . At the beginning it only comprised a few streets. The suburbs often suffered from water shortages. It was not until 1845 that a water pipe was laid across the Neisse. Since 1878 the suburb has also been supplied via the waterworks on the Leschwitzer Wiesen in today's Weinhübel . The first expansion of the suburb took place in the second half of the 15th century with the construction of Laubaner Strasse. The second followed in 1522 with the construction of the new town .

The suburb suffered badly during the Hussite Wars , the siege of the Swedish-occupied city by imperial troops from the Electorate of Saxony in 1641 and in the war of 1813 as well as the conflagrations of 1525, 1726, 1807 and 1811.

Expansion of the suburb in the 19th century and development into a military base

In the 19th century the population in Görlitz increased sharply. The eastern suburb also experienced a building boom in the Wilhelminian era. The third expansion took place after the opening of the Reichenberger Bridge around the former Stadt Prag inn . The fourth expansion is the increased settlement of the Rabenberg - this settlement was created in 1910 as a garden city. In 1929 the welfare house of the Diakonisches Werk was built on the water gate (Ulica Nadbrzeżna) , a side street of the Wroclaw Street (Ulica Wrocławska) .

In 1876 the city laid down several principles for the development. At the Neisse crossings, squares should be created and between the Reichenberger Bridge and the viaduct Promenadenstraßen should be built. Parks were also planned between the viaduct and the Reichenberger Bridge. The development on the streets should have wide front gardens. The next revision of the plan in 1885 provided for a regular rectangular pattern for the course of the streets, which did not take into account any terrain movement. Another development plan from 1899 rejected the rectangular pattern, adapted the course of the road to the terrain and continued to be limited to the southern area. The starting point for the plan was a planned third Neisse crossing in the extension of Emmerichstrasse. The neo-renaissance corner house , which today houses the Zgorzelec town hall, was also built during this period .

View over the exhibition grounds of the Lower Silesian Trade and Industry Exhibition towards the Hall of Fame in 1905

In 1905 the Lower Silesian Trade and Industry Exhibition took place on Friedrichsplatz (Plac Jerzego Popiełuszki) and in the park south of the Hall of Fame . 114 exhibitors presented their goods in numerous pavilions on around 16.4 hectares.

The expansion to the Prussian garrison town left its mark on the Ostvorstadt. Three barracks were built on the outskirts of the city at that time, the New Barracks (1896) (since 1938: Courbière barracks ) on Jungsendorfstrasse (Ulica Armii Krajowej) , the Kleist barracks (1935) on Kleiststrasse (Ulica Bohaterów II Armii Wojska Polskiego) and the Winterfeldt barracks (1936) on Elsa-Brandström-Straße (Ulica Elizy Orzeszkowej) . The Wilhelminian-style buildings, the former barracks and the residential developments of the 1920s and 30s still bear witness to the up-and-coming district. After the seizure of power of the Nazis which was on June 30, 1935 Front fighters settlement inaugurated.

End of World War II and new settlement

On May 8, 1945, the Red Army moved into Görlitz, and on June 1, the eastern part of the city was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces . The residents, who had not yet fled, were expelled from July 1945 by the local Polish administrative authorities to the Soviet occupation zone . At first it was unclear whether the city half should be annexed permanently by the People's Republic of Poland . Therefore, in the first months and years after 1945 hardly any Poles came to settle here.

On both sides of the new political border along the Oder and Neisse rivers, a 30-kilometer-wide border zone was established, which was occupied and controlled by border guards. A permit was required to enter this border zone and controls were carried out on entry and exit. The first Polish inhabitants of the eastern half of the city included inmates of the liberated concentration camps , remigrants from Western Europe and military settlers. Later residents were also resettled who came from the areas east of the Curzon Line that had fallen to the Soviet Union as part of the " West displacement of Poland " . In addition, new settlers came from central Poland and the southern voivodships.

Numerous Greek and Macedonian refugees joined the Polish settlers in the late 1940s and were quartered in the city. They had left their homeland during the civil war between 1946 and 1949 and initially fled to the neighboring countries of Albania , Yugoslavia and Bulgaria . The Greeks who fled to Albania and Bulgaria were distributed to the socialist brother countries between 1948 and 1950 . Around 15,000 refugees came to Poland between 1949 and 1950, initially by ship and later also by rail. The refugees were initially quartered in Danzig , Gdynia , Stettin and Lower Silesia. The largest reception camps were in Police (Pölitz) in West Pomerania and in Zgorzelec. Zgorzelec was also the location of a state education center for children and young people from Greece (Polish: POW - Państwowy Ośrodek Wychowawczy ) with a primary school, a lyceum and boarding school. Among the Greeks and Macedonians, the city was called Paidopolis or Detski Grad (German: Children's City ). The POW facilities were also housed in the three former German barracks.

From the summer of 1949, all civil war refugees who had found accommodation in Poland were brought together in Zgorzelec. Newly arriving refugees were also immediately transported to the Neisse. Due to the imminent takeover of the local barracks by the Polish military, the camps and the POW were disbanded in the summer of 1950 and some of the refugees were distributed to the surrounding towns and companies. A significant part of the Greeks and Macedonians stayed in Zgorzelec. From 1958 the first Macedonians were able to return to Yugoslavia. After the end of the colonel's dictatorship in 1974, the Greeks were also able to apply for a return to their home country. However, most Greeks could only return to Greece from 1981 after the victory of Andreas Papandreou due to the revoked citizenship . Several dozen descendants of the Greeks from 1948 to this day live in the city. A reminder of this part of history: the obelisk erected in 2016 on the site of the former Greek camp and the festival of the Greek song every July.

Polonization

The new residents began with the Polonization of the eastern urban area. Officially, the project was called repolonization , as Lusatia belonged to the Kingdom of Poland as early as the 10th century . The communist rulers spoke of regained areas . As part of the Polonization, the German traces in the now Polish areas should disappear. Numerous cultural assets, such as monuments and devotional plaques, disappeared from public space. The first destruction often resulted from feelings of revenge against the former German population. In some cases, tombstones in the cemeteries and German-language prayer books were also destroyed.

The German delegation, led by the People's Police, crossed the provisional Reichenberger Bridge to celebrate the signing of the agreement on the German-Polish peace border. (July 7, 1950)

Initially, the eastern part of Görlitz was named Zgorzelice , but in 1946 it was renamed again to today's name Zgorzelec , the Polish name of Görlitz. The Oder-Neisse border was permanently established on July 6, 1950 by the Görlitz Agreement concluded between the GDR and the People's Republic of Poland . Then the actual development of the now independent Polish city of Zgorzelec began. For many settled families, however, the uncertainty remained for a long time whether the border drawn along the Oder and Neisse rivers was final. Initially, both parts of the city had to share infrastructural facilities, such as the gas works on the Polish side and the water works on the German side. Only in the course of the decades did both districts develop their own infrastructure. For example, between 1968 and 1972 a new waterworks was built for the Polish part in southern Ujazd.

In 1957, cross-border traffic was started over the Neisse Viaduct, which was rebuilt by Polish workers. On October 1 of the following year, both neighboring states declared the city bridge an official border crossing . However, a visa was required to cross the border . After visa-free travel between the GDR and the People's Republic of Poland came into effect in 1972, the border crossing at the Stadtbrücke became one of the most important border crossings in western Poland. The Görlitz / Zgorzelec border crossing was the only crossing for road traffic between Zittau in the south and Bad Muskau in the north. After the unrest in connection with the Solidarność movement in Gdansk, visa-free travel was canceled on October 30, 1980 by the GDR.

The military has been very present in the Oststadt since the new barracks were built in 1896. From 1945 the Polish armed forces used Zgorzelec as a garrison town. The Polish troops remained stationed in the former German barracks in the city area until 1998. Until the withdrawal, the armed forces used the former Kleist barracks and the Winterfeldt barracks. Among other things, a flak regiment, a reconnaissance battalion and a regiment of chemical weapons defense were stationed in Zgorzelec .

After 1989

Zgorzelec initially belonged to the Wroclaw Voivodeship in the newly created administrative structure of Poland after the Second World War . After the reform of the voivodeship structures in 1975, the city moved to the newly founded Jelenia Góra Voivodeship . In the course of the administrative reform in 1998, the Jelenia Góra Voivodeship became part of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship.

Since 1998 Zgorzelec and the neighboring German city of Görlitz have been a European city. As a sign of growing together, the former old town bridge was reopened on October 20, 2004. It connects the Neisse suburb of Zgorzelec with the old town of Görlitz . Like all other bridges in the city, the bridge was blown up on May 7, 1945 at around 10 p.m. and had been the oldest crossing of the Neisse in the city. Dealing with the city's German history has also relaxed. In February 2012, the city council decided to name two streets in the Neisse suburb after Bartholomäus Scultetus and Jakob Böhme . Since 2011, a memorial at the intersection of Ulica Stefana Okrzei / Ulica Bohaterów Getta commemorates Böhme.

Together with Görlitz, Zgorzelec competed for the title of European Capital of Culture 2010. The twin cities had to admit defeat in the final round of Essen and the Ruhr area .

On the night of March 14-15 , 2020, Poland closed its border crossings with Germany as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and thus also the border crossings in the Zgorzelec city area. The old town bridge was completely cordoned off with construction fences and guarded by machine guns armed by Polish border guards from Straż Graniczna . The border crossing at the city bridge remained open for Polish returnees, who had to go into quarantine for 14 days. The borders were reopened on the night of June 12th to 13th, 2020. The mayor of Zgorzelec, Rafał Gronicz, and his colleague from Görlitz, Octavian Ursu, opened the border fence on the old town bridge in the presence of several hundred people.

Incorporations

In 1929 the village of Moys was incorporated into the Görlitzer urban area. Moys remained a district under the Polish administration, but was renamed Ujazd. After 1945 there were only minor changes of area, but no further incorporations.

Under Polish administration, the strip of land east of today's Real market on Ulica Słowiańska moved to the neighboring municipality of Łagów (Leopoldshain) until 1989 . The strip of land extended as far as the Leopoldshain through-town. In the southwest of the Ujazd (Moys) district, on the other hand, the urban area expanded to include a small wooded area on the Neisse and in the east by a small area east of Ulica Stanisława Kulczyńskiego. Between 1989 and 2007 an approximately 500 meter wide strip of land north of the Autostrada 4 between the Neisse and the railway line to Węgliniec (Kohlfurt) came to the city. This area belonged to the city of Görlitz before 1945.

Population development

Population development in the city of Zgorzelec in the period 1946–2006

Before the Second World War, around 8,800 citizens of Görlitz lived in the eastern part of the city. Most of the German population was expelled from the Oststadt in 1945. In December 1945 there were still about 2,400 German citizens living in the eastern part, in 1949 there were 17.

The Polish government encouraged the resettlement of its compatriots, among other things with the promise that each central pole would receive a courtyard in the western regions. In advertising brochures, the settlers were promised better opportunities to live and wealth. In 1947, however, only about 4,300 Poles lived in what was once Görlitz's eastern town. Half of the Poles settled were also forced resettlers who came from the former Polish eastern territories occupied by the Soviet Union. The second large group of resettlers were military settlers and resettlers from central and southern Poland. Polish re-immigrants from Western Europe were also among the new citizens. In addition to the Polish settlers, Macedonian and Greek civil war refugees were temporarily housed in the city from 1948 to 1950 . At times up to 9,000 refugees lived in the city. Most of them returned home in the 1980s. The so-called Bulwar Grecki (German: Greek boulevard ) with a memorial stone on the banks of the Neisse and a Greek festival commemorate this time. In 2010 about 60 Greeks and their descendants still lived in Zgorzelec. This makes it the largest Greek community in Poland.

Currently, 31,359 people live in Zgorzelec (as of June 30, 2015), around 5,400 fewer residents than at the peak in 1994. However, this means that the place has a slightly weaker population decline than its neighboring German city, whose population fell by almost 20% in the same period. Zgorzelec and Görlitz together have around 86,500 inhabitants, 55,131 of whom live in Görlitz (as of December 31, 2014).

In 2014, 5.6% of the population of working age were unemployed. 53% of the unemployed were women.

Religions

The majority of the population, like most Poles, belongs to the Roman Catholic denomination . The Greek refugees who have remained in the city to this day, and their descendants, have owned a 45 square meter small Orthodox church made entirely of wood - the Church of Saints Constantine and Helena since 2002 . The current (2018) Priest comes from eastern Poland and can only theologically learned ancient Greek , but not the spoken by today's Greeks Modern Greek , which led to a marked alienation of Greek descendants. He sees himself and the community more as a contact point for all Orthodox Christians in Zgorzelec. In the parish church of St. Peter and Paul in the neighboring German town of Görlitz, Protestant services in Polish have been held regularly for Protestant residents since 2006. The Zgorzelec Protestants, however, belong to the Lubań Lutheran community. Other religious communities are the Baptists , the Pentecostal Free Church and the Jehovah's Witnesses .

The city's Catholic parishes belong to the Zgorzelec deanery, which in turn belongs to the Legnica diocese . Among the numerous churches in the city are church buildings from the city's German era, but also several new buildings on the outskirts. An imposing double church was built in 1981 on the northern outskirts with the Upper Church of St. Joseph (Polish: Kościół św. Józefa Robotnika ) and the Lower Church of St. Barbara (Polish: Kościół św. Barbary ). It was consecrated in 1983 and is located on Ulica Księdza Jana Kozaka in the open field south of the Zgorzelec heating plant. The youngest sacred building is St. Hedwig's Church (Polish: Kościół św. Jadwigi Śląskiej ) , consecrated in 2009, in the east of the city near the industrial area.

Another new church is being built in the Ujazd district near the former Protestant cemetery. The Church of Our Lady (Polish: Kościół parafialny pw Matki Bożej Łaskawej ) will serve as the parish church of the parish of the same name (Polish: Parafia Matki Bożej Łaskawej ) after completion . In 2012 the services will take place in a temporary church building on the construction site. The former Moyser Friedhof was renovated in autumn 2010 after decades of decay and the remaining German gravestones were put up again. The bones recovered during the construction work were placed in a collective grave, which was covered with a stone slab. Three large plaques with the names of the deceased were placed on the stone slab. The community of the Liebfrauenkirche will use the cemetery again for their funerals in the future.

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  St. Bonifatius Church near the bus station

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  Greek Orthodox Saints Constantine and Helena Church on Lubańska Street

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  Kościół św. Józefa Robotnika on Ulica Księdza Jana Kozaka

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  Kościół św. Jadwigi Śląskej on Ulica Armii Krajowej

politics

Zgorzelec City Hall with the city, Polish and European flags (from left)

City council

The city council (Polish: Rada Miasta ) is elected every four years and consists of 21 members. The last city council election took place in 2014. Two parties and two local electoral associations are currently represented on the city council. The 21 seats in the city council are distributed as follows:

Political party	Seats
Platforma Obywatelska	15th
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość	1
Porozumienie Prawicy	4th
Wyborczy Wyborców Ponad Podziałami County	1

mayor

The first free local elections took place in 1990, but the mayor's office changed frequently. The third mayor was in office the following year. Rafał Gronicz ( PO ) has been the mayor of Zgorzelec since 2006 . In 2010 he stood for re-election for the mayor's office and won re-election against his predecessor Mirosław Fiedorowicz ( SLD ). He also won the 2014 elections in the second ballot with 66.48% against his challenger Zawada Sławomir Artur ( PiS ). The mayor's term of office is four years. The town hall with the mayor's office is located in a former Wilhelminian-style residential building on Domańskiego Street and Warszawska Street.

household

The city's income in 2014 was around 107.5 million zlotys. The majority of the income came from the municipality's share of corporation tax and income tax , at 52.1% . The income corresponded to 3389 zlotys per inhabitant. In the same year, the income was offset by expenses of 107.2 million zlotys. The largest share of 28.5% was spent on education, followed by 24.6% on sport. The share of expenditure on social affairs (including social assistance) was 12.9%. Public administration and environmental protection expenditure accounted for a total of 10.7%. The per capita expenditure was 3380 zloty.

badges and flags

Banner, coat of arms and flag

Zgorzelec has had its own city ​​coat of arms since 1960 . It has its origins in the first Görlitz town seal (Sigillum civitatis Gorliz) from the 13th century. The seal was on a resolution of the city council in 1298. It differs from the city coat of arms, among other things, in the figure on the middle coat of arms. The coat of arms on the seal adorned the Brandenburg eagle until 1329 , which was then replaced by the Bohemian lion . The Silesian eagle can be seen there on the city arms , but without the silver chest moon with its cross. The middle higher gate tower with the wide roof was lost during the redesign. Only the arched, closed gate opening remained from him. The seal with the Bohemian coat of arms also only showed the gate opening.

Blazon : In blue a tinned silver city wall with two pointed towers, between which in front of a round arched gate opening there is a triangular shield with the Silesian eagle leaning to the right and above it an iron-colored helmet with an eagle flight .

The city flag is divided into three parts. The top two fifths of the flag are blue and the bottom two fifths are yellow. The middle, thin stripe is white. The colors yellow and blue symbolize belonging to Upper Lusatia. The lower color combination white and yellow are the colors of the Silesian flag .

City partnerships and European city

In addition to the partnership with the neighboring German city of Görlitz, Zgorzelec maintains city partnerships with the French Avion , the Ukrainian Myrhorod and the Greek Naoussa . The partnership with Naoussa was signed on August 29, 1998 by Grigoris Lioliosa, the mayor of Naoussa and the Zgorzelec mayor Wojciech Leszczynski.

A partnership agreement was signed with the neighboring German city as early as 1980. After the reunification of Germany , the contract was renewed in April 1991 and most recently in 2004 - the year the new old town bridge was opened over the Neisse. A joint city council meeting of German and Polish city councils took place for the first time in 1996. Both city parliaments now meet at least once a year.

Both neighboring cities are now also cooperating on many levels within the framework of the European City declared in 1998. For example, there is an inner-city, cross-border city bus route. Starting in the city of Zgorzelec, a new attempt for a cross-border tram line started in 2012. The mayor of Zgorzelec has already received support from the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Costs for investment and operation as well as the route should be determined in a study in order to be able to apply for European funding. The aim is to implement it by 2020. Furthermore, there has been a German-Polish kindergarten Zwergenhaus in Görlitz and a Polish-German kindergarten in Zgorzelec since 1994 . In addition, the children and young people can visit the German-Polish primary school in the city ​​center and the bilingual Augustum-Annen-Gymnasium . Numerous sporting and cultural events are also held by both cities, such as B. the European marathon , the bridge run, the awarding of the International Bridge Prize and the revived Silesian music festivals.

Culture and sights

theatre

Miejski Dom Kultury (former Upper Lusatian Memorial Hall)

Theater courses take place regularly in the Miejski Dom Kultury (German: municipal culture house ), the former Oberlausitz memorial hall . However, theatrical performances rarely take place in Dom Kultury and are often performed by ensembles from other cities. In the Görlitz Theater and the Apollo Theater in the neighboring town, there are also theatrical performances in the Polish language or plays and operettas with Polish subtitles. Sometimes the ensemble from Jelenia Góra also performs in Görlitz.

The theater group Phantom rehearses for the annual street theater festival in the two neighboring cities in the cinema and auditorium of Miejski Dom Kultury . At the international street theater festival ViaThea , artists and theater groups from all over Europe meet in the twin cities of Görlitz / Zgorzelec to show their plays on public streets, squares and parks east and west of the Neisse for a weekend.

Museums

The Lusatian Museum on Daszyńskiego Street

The Lusatian Museum (Polish: Muzeum Łużyckie ) is located in the historic Neisse suburb . The history, culture and everyday life of the inhabitants of the Polish Upper Lusatia are presented in the museum. The museum is a Euroopera project . With the help of the EU, a derelict house on Daszyńskiego Street was restored for the museum and rebuilt for the museum. It opened in 2007. A new permanent exhibition on the history of the city of Görlitz was opened in the Kaisertrutz in the neighboring German city in 2012. It illuminates the development of the city from the early settlement through the division up to the turning point of 1989.

The neighboring Jakob-Böhme-Haus is also a Euroopera project. It reminds of the mystic and philosopher Jakob Böhme. He is said to have lived in this house from 1599 to 1610. Today the house is also the seat of Euroopera.

music

The Greek Song Festival is held every July.

The Silesian Music Festival has been taking place in Görlitz, Zgorzelec and the surrounding area since the revival in the 1990s. Before 1945 the music festival took place in the town hall on the Neisse. After the revival of the festival, concerts will also be held at various venues on the Polish side. In recent years concerts have taken place in the Dom Kultury and in the St. Josef Church.

Buildings

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Zgorzelec

View from the old town bridge to the Dreiradenmühle, in the background the construction work on the Töpferberg

Former bank development north of the Dreiradenmühle around 1958

The three-wheel mill on the new old town bridge is one of the city's attractions. The striking mosaic face on the south side of the grain silo built next to the mill in 1938 is visible from afar. The silo is one of the few remaining buildings from the old mill. The mill served as a grain and fulling mill for the Görlitz white tanners since the 13th century . Today there is a restaurant in one building. On the other side of the street, the historic quarter on Plac Pocztowy (Töpferberg) around the post mile column has been rebuilt. The houses around the square have been modeled on the historical model and have been waiting for use since their completion.

In the long term, the new development of the open spaces north of the Dreiradenmühle and the post office on Ulica Wrocławska is also planned. The development is not to be rebuilt exclusively according to the historical model, but "to enable aesthetic merging with the existing old building fabric". The historic cityscape should not be disturbed by the development. Zgorzelec is working closely with the Görlitz monument protection authority on the revitalization of the Neisse suburb. The historic buildings on the Neisse were damaged when the old town bridge was blown up in May 1945 and demolished in the 1950s.

The former Rabenvorwerk on the Rabenberg above the Neisse is also mentioned here. It is also known as the Scultetus farm and is located on Ulica Ogrodowa and Ulica Stefana Żeromskiego. The farm was first mentioned in 1440 in connection with the acquisition by Seifrid Goswin. In 1529, after numerous interim owners, Martin Schulz acquired the estate. He was the father of the well-known Görlitz mayor and astronomer Bartholomäus Scultetus , who was born here in 1540. There is currently a social facility in the courtyard.

To the east of the Vorwerk is the settlement , which was once laid out as the garden city of Rabenberg . It is characterized by numerous single-family and semi-detached houses as well as a few villas. Uniform house types with the same floor plan were also built on the Rabenberg. The developer of the houses was the civil servants housing association in Görlitz . In the middle of the settlement stands the approximately 24 meter high water tower. The tower also carries broadcasting systems for radio and television on its upper platform.

Row houses on Romualda Traugutta Street

Semi-detached wooden houses on Romualda Traugutta Street

To the east of Ulica Tadeusza Kościuszki (Hindenburgstrasse) , the garden settlement at Georg-Wiesner-Park (Park im. Paderewskiego) was built in the 1920s and 1930s . The settlement was once supposed to lead to the eastern railway line and is now a listed building. The eastern part was built with prefabricated apartment buildings after 1945. The eponymous park extends in the middle in an east-west direction. The streets of the housing estate branch off across the park in a north-south direction. First the row houses and the four double timber houses on Ulica Romualda Traugutta (Blücherstraße) were built . The park was created between 1929 and 1931. The houses on Ulica Fryderyka Chopina (Beethovenstraße) and Ulica Stanisława Moniuszki (Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Straße) were built by 1935 . The next three years the development of the Ulica Karola Szymanowskiego (Mozart Street) and the northern part of the Ulica Stanisława Moniuszki followed. The development of the eastern area was suspended due to the outbreak of war.

In this settlement, too, the houses were built according to certain types of houses. The first type of house is eaves and has three floors. The gable roofs have small dormers. These houses can be found on Ulica Fryderyka Chopina. The second type of house is on the north side of Ulica Romualda Traugutta. The two-story row houses are gable-free and have a small front garden on the street side and a larger garden on the back. The neighboring double timber houses remained unique. They were made by the Niesky company Christoph & Unmack . The four semi-detached houses are eaves and have a half-hip roof . The settlement has largely lost its uniform development concept due to numerous additions and modifications to the houses.

The former New Barracks is now an office complex

The Jakob-Böhme-Haus in ul. Daszyńskiego 12 (formerly Prager Straße), Jakob Böhme lived here from 1599 to 1610

To the settlement at Park im. Paderewskiego joins the complex of the former New Barracks (from 1938: Courbière barracks ) to the south . Construction work on the red brick building on Ulica Armii Krajowej began in 1890. In 1896, the first soldiers moved into the barracks. In the 1930s the barracks complex was expanded. Among other things, the Winterberg block was built on Ulica Józefa Poniatowskiego (Nettelbeckstraße) . A school and a court are housed in the buildings today. In the mid-1930s, the Kleist barracks were also built on Ulica Bohaterów II Armii Wojska Polskiego (Hermsdorfer Straße) in the immediate vicinity of the New Barracks and the Winterfeldt barracks in the Moys district.

Wilhelminian style development at the intersection of Ulica Warszawska / Ulica Staszica and in the background residential houses in prefabricated construction

Almost the entire historic street on Ulica Daszyńskiego, on which the Jakob Böhme House is also located, has been preserved and renovated. The street merges into the Wilhelminian-era district to the south. Numerous houses are still waiting to be renovated in the city's Wilhelminian-style district. The historic city center has been a listed building since 1958 . On the southern edge of the district is the city's most famous sight, the former Upper Lusatian memorial hall , today's Miejski Dom Kultury (municipal culture house) . The building was in memory of the Emperors Wilhelm I and Friedrich III. designed and inaugurated on November 28, 1902 by Kaiser Wilhelm II . It once housed the Kaiser Friedrich Museum with a picture gallery and a collection on the cultural history of Upper Lusatia. In 1943 the museum was closed and the collections were packed and moved to surrounding castles. In the meantime, the Ministry of Aviation used the building as a base. In May 1945 the memorial hall was occupied by Soviet and later by Polish soldiers and used as an officers' mess. By 1947, all German inscriptions had been chipped off or painted over and much of the remaining inventory had been looted. The statue of two emperors by the sculptor Johannes Pfuhl in the entrance hall and the statues of the German princes were also removed or destroyed. They were crushed into gravel for cemetery paths or dumped in landfills. Today the house is used for cultural events, such as theater or cinema performances, but also as a discotheque at irregular intervals. It has space in several halls, including one that has been converted for cinema screenings. An amphitheater is also available for outdoor events on the south side of Dom Kultury.

The Neisse Viaduct

In the south of the city in the direction of Ujazd (Moys) rises the 475 meter long Neisse Viaduct. With its 30 arches, it spans the Neisse valley, which is 35 meters below, and enables international trains between Germany and Poland to cross the border. It was opened in 1847 after three years of construction. On May 7, 1945, some arches of the bridge were blown up, interrupting train traffic until it was rebuilt in the 1950s. Today the building belongs to the Polish State Railways. In the southern part of the city there is still a baroque manor that dates from the beginning of the 18th century and was the seat of the Raschke family. The most famous guests of the estate at that time included the Prussian King Frederick the Great on the night of November 25th to 26th, 1745 and the Prussian State Chancellor Karl August von Hardenberg in May 1813.

In addition to the newly built churches, older church buildings have also been preserved, e.g. B. the Johanneskirche in the Ujazd district and the Bonifatiuskirche near the bus station. The laying of the foundation stone for the Bonifatiuskirche took place in May 1929 and after only one year it could be handed over to the Catholic community. A special feature of the church are its five bells, three of which are from German times. The two Polish bells St. Josef and St. Adalbert from 1966 amplify their ringing. They were cast as a symbol of German-Polish understanding for Poland's millennium. The church building is an example of the modern and simple church architecture of the 1920s and 30s. The formerly Protestant St. John's Church with the square corner tower and the pointed roof on Ulica Grunwaldzka also dates back to German times. It was built in 1906 by the Protestant community.

The former Moyser cemetery was located far away from the church on today's Ulica Cmentarna. The new municipal cemetery of Zgorzelec was built to the north along Ulica Słowiańska in the vicinity of the burial ground for 3,000 Polish soldiers. The cemetery extends between Ulica Bohaterów II Armii Wojska Polskiego and the railway connection curve at the Krysin junction between the railway lines to Lubań (Lauban) and to Węgliniec (Kohlfurt).

Monuments

→ Main article : List of fountains, monuments and sculptures in Zgorzelec

Grave field for the fallen soldiers of the Polish 2nd Army

After the Second World War, a cemetery was built on Ulica Bohaterów II Armii Wojska Polskiego with over 3000 graves for the soldiers of the Polish 2nd Army , who perished in the offensives in spring 1945 along the Neisse, into the Dresden area and to Bohemia . Each grave is marked with a concrete Grunwald cross . The neighboring monument of the Piast Eagle by Józef Potępa from the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow was unveiled on May 6, 1978. It symbolizes the eagle of the Polish armed forces, which sits proudly on a border pillar and looks towards the west.

Memorial for the victims of Stalag VIII A in the south of Zgorzelec, in the background the European Center for Education and Culture Zgorzelec - Görlitz Meetingpoint Music Messiaen

The memorial of Stalag VIII A in the woods south of Ujazd (Moys) reminds of an equally sad chapter . Belgian, French and Yugoslav soldiers were held prisoner in the former internment camp from 1940. From January 1942 Soviet, British and later also Italian, Slovak and American prisoners of war were added. With 47,328 prisoners, the camp peaked in September 1944. Between 1946 and 1948 the barracks of the prison camp were demolished. Since 1976 a stone obelisk with a relief and a plaque commemorates the victims on Ulica Łużycka. The most famous prisoner was the Frenchman Olivier Messiaen . He completed his eight-movement chamber music work Quatuor pour la fin du temps (German: Quartet for the end of time) in the camp and also performed it here Ur.

The post mile column in front of the emerging Postplatz in 2012

In autumn 2003 a copy of the Saxon postal mileage column was set up. The column, originally erected in front of the Neisse Gate in 1723, was given distances in Prussian miles after 1815 and was destroyed in the last days of the Second World War. The remnants of the original are in the Postal Museum in Wroclaw . The copy is at the last location of the original, behind the old town bridge, on the so-called Töpferberg, on the roof of the former fountain house and again bears distance information based on the original state in league hours (1 hour = 4.531 kilometers).

An obelisk erected in Park Paderewskiego in 2016 commemorates the camp for the Greek Army Corps during the First World War and the memorial stone on Bulwar Grecki commemorates the Greek civil war refugees at the end of the 1940s.

Parks

Pond in the former Henneberggarten

The city has several green spaces. The two largest are the park in the. Andrzeja Błachańca ( Georg-Snay-Park with Feldberggarten ) at Dom Kultury and Park Ujazdowski ( Jägerwäldchen and Moyser Park ) at Rothwasser. They are connected to one another by a footpath that runs along the Neisse under the viaduct and is characterized above all by their thick deciduous trees. The previously largely bare Neisse bank was planted in the 1870s after a municipal decision under the park inspector Sperling. The Neisse valley south of the Rothwassers and a smaller area southwest of the Dom Kultury are part of the Natura 2000 protected area breakthrough valley of the Lusatian Neisse (Polish: Przełomowa Dolina Nysy Łużyckiej ). In addition to rare insect species, beavers , otters and bats also live in the protected area .

One of the inner-city parks is the park im. Paderewskiego (Georg Wiesner Park) . The park area crosses several streets. It was created in the course of the construction of the garden settlement and should extend about 850 meters from Courbiérestraße (Ulica Tadeusza Kościuszki) on Rabenberg in the west to the railway line to Kohlfurt in the east. A large part of the eastern park area was built over with prefabricated houses after the war. Only the eastern roundabout on the railway line at today's Zgorzelec Miasto stop still exists. There is an amphitheater here. Another green area is the former Henneberggarten between Ulica Armii Krajowej ( Defiant Village Street ) and Ulica Boheraterów II Armii Wojska Polskiego (Kleiststraße) . The garden, designed according to plans by Horticultural Director Diekmann, is located on a former swamp area at the former location of the Lorenz brickworks. It extended over an area of ​​approx. 100,000 square meters and was a combination of an ornamental and a kitchen garden. There has been a pond in the middle of the park since 1924, and it still exists today.

Sports

Basketball game in the Centrum Sportowe

The best-known and most successful sports club was the PGE Turów Zgorzelec basketball club until its bankruptcy in 2018 . The team played in the first Polish basketball league and won the Polish runner-up title for three seasons in a row between 2006 and 2009 and 2011. In 2014 the team became Polish champions and qualified for the ULEB Euroleague . The association also took part in the ULEB Eurocup from 2007 to 2009 . The club played the normal season games in the Polish league until 2014 in the Centrum Sportowe, a sports hall built in 1986 in Zgorzelec. It offered 1700 spectators. The Eurocup games between 2007 and 2009, however, took place in a larger hall in Liberec, Czech Republic. The main sponsor was the Polish energy group Polska Grupa Energetyczna (PGE), which also operates the Turów lignite power station south of Zgorzelec.

The former home ground is located on the site of the municipal sports and leisure center, which in addition to the basketball hall also includes two soccer fields, tennis courts and an indoor and an outdoor pool. The football fields are the home pitches of the city's top football club - MKS Nysa Zgorzelec . He plays in the fourth Lower Silesian league. The stadium has 2150 seats.

In 2014, a new multi-purpose hall was opened in the north of the city opposite the hospital on Lubańska Street. The multi-purpose hall has a capacity of 3500 and meets the requirements of the Union des Ligues Européennes de Basketball (ULEB). The construction costs amounted to 42 million zlotys. The Polish Ministry of Sport funded the construction with the equivalent of 4.8 million euros. The power plant operator and sponsor Polska Grupa Energetyczna supported the city with the new construction with around three million euros .

Start of the tenth stage of the eighth International Peace Tour in Zgorzelec

Several stages of the International Peace Tour led through Zgorzelec . For the first time, the fifth peace trip in 1952 ran a stage from Breslau via Zgorzelec to Görlitz. In the following year the ninth stage and in 1955 the tenth stage began in Zgorzelec and led to Wroclaw. A stage in the city did not end again until the Peace Tour 2000 . In the intervening decades, further stages led through the urban area.

From August 16 to 25, 2012, Zgorzelec was, alongside Hrádek nad Nisou (Grottau) and Zittau, one of the venues for the 18th European Senior Athletics Championships. The competitions were relocated from southern Bogatynia to Zgorzelec at short notice, as the 2010 flood severely damaged the stadium there. In the renovated Zgorzelec stadium, the obstacle courses over 2,000 and 3,000 meters, the decisive races over the long distances of 5,000 and 10,000 meters and the track walk took place.

Regular events

In addition to the ViaThea , both cities also celebrate their city festivals together. The so-called Jakuby Festival is the Zgorzelec city festival. It always takes place at the end of August on the same weekend as the Görlitz Old Town Festival. The Zgorzelec Festival extends along the streets around the Three-Wheel Mill and Ulica Daszyńskiego. Both festival areas are connected by the old town bridge and allow the two festivals to merge into a large German-Polish city festival.

Furthermore, the Greek Festival takes place every summer , at which Greek music and dance groups perform. In 2011, the patronage was Cabriel Copsidis, the Greek ambassador to Poland. In 1998 the Zgorzelec City Council and the Society of Greeks in Poland organized the first music festival.

International bridge price

The European city of Görlitz / Zgorzelec annually awards the International Bridge Prize endowed with € 2500 . Since 1993 it has been honoring personalities who have achieved service to international understanding in Europe with their life's work. Prize winners include Marion Countess Dönhoff and the former Saxon Prime Minister Kurt Biedenkopf . Günter Grass was nominated for the prize by the jury in 2006, but after the criticism of his confession to his past in the Waffen SS by the CDU parliamentary group chairman in the city council and in the media, he withdrew the previously declared acceptance of the prize . The jury then decided not to award a prize in 2006.

Last year's winners were the British historian Norman Davies (2009), the former Polish Prime Minister. D. Tadeusz Mazowiecki (2010), the former President of the European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) Gesine Schwan (2011) and the Ukrainian professional boxer and politician Vitali Klitschko (2012). In 2013 the cabaret artist Steffen Möller received the award. He was followed in 2014 by the former Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker . In 2015 and 2016, one writer each received the award - in 2015 the Pole Olga Tokarczuk for her literary bridges between people, cultures and generations and in 2016 Timothy Garton Ash for his examination of authoritarian and totalitarian structures, their effects and their overcoming in Central Europe. and Eastern Europe.

Economy and Infrastructure

The city bridge over the Neisse

traffic

There are four border crossings in Zgorzelec: a motorway and a railroad border crossing each on the Dresden – Wroclaw route, a road crossing in the center of the city and the rebuilt historic Neisse crossing of Via Regia - the old town bridge as a pedestrian and bicycle crossing.

For gliders and airplanes with a takeoff weight of up to 5.7 tons, there is the Zgorzelec-Żarska Wieś airfield about 10 kilometers northeast of the city . It is located east of Żarska Wieś between Droga krajowa 94 and Autostrada 4 and has an 800 meter long and 60 meter wide runway.

Transportation

On December 1, 1897, the Görlitzer tram opened a tram line over the Reichenberger Brücke in the then Görlitzer Ostvorstadt to the Gasthof Stadt Prag . The recessed building on Daszyńskiego Street, between Kościuszki Street and Okrzei Street, is no longer used as an inn. In May 1900, the tram line on the other side of the Neisse was extended by 1.9 kilometers from the Gasthof Stadt Prag via Schenkendorffstrasse (Ulica Warszawska) to southern Moys. The final stop was on Seidenberger Straße (Ulica Łużycka) north of the bridge over the Rothwasser. When the city was divided after the Second World War , only the remainder of line 3 between the city bridge and Moys existed in the Polish part. All operating facilities were on the German side and operation on the section did not seem to be economical. Most of the tracks were dismantled and urban traffic was switched to bus operation. Since 1991 a cross-border bus line has been running between Görlitz and Zgorzelec, which connects Görlitz city center with Zgorzelec city center and the shopping centers in the east of the city every half hour. Since 1996 there have also been considerations to build a cross-border tram line again. So far, the project has failed due to a lack of financial resources.

The cross-border city bus route P is supplemented by three inner-city bus routes 1, 2S and 3. The cross-border bus crosses the city in an east-west direction, while the other lines run in a north-south direction. Line 1 runs approximately every hour from the Ujazd district through the city center of Zgorzelec to the Jędrzychowice village north of the city. The other two lines also start in Ujazd, with line 2S only leading to the northern industrial area of ​​Zgorzelec in shortened form. Line 2S is an accelerated bus line that only runs from Monday to Friday with two to three trips in each direction and follows a shortened route in the Ujazd district. Line 3 only runs on weekends and largely follows the route taken by Line 1, supplemented by additional stops near the Plaza shopping center in the east of the city. Regional bus routes run from the bus station at the Bonifatiuskirche to the surrounding villages and the nearest towns Bogatynia (Reichenau i. Sachsen), Lubań (Lauban), Pieńsk (Penzig), Węgliniec (Kohlfurt) and Zawidów (Seidenberg).

Rail transport

Zgorzelec station on the south side on the unrenovated platforms in the direction of Lubań

There are two train stations in the city, the Zgorzelec train station (Görlitz-Moys train station) and the Zgorzelec Miasto stop . At the Zgorzelec railway station, the railway lines to Węgliniec (Kohlfurt) , where the Zgorzelec Miasto railway station is also located, and to Lubań (Lauban) separate . Passenger traffic on the route to Lubań was discontinued in 2009, but resumed in December 2011 by the voivodeship's own railway company Koleje Dolnośląskie . From Zgorzelec there are direct connections to the voivodeship capital Wroclaw and to Dresden, Jelenia Góra (Hirschberg) , Legnica (Liegnitz) , Lubań (Lauban) , Węgliniec (Kohlfurt) and Zielona Góra (Grünberg) . The connection to Germany via Görlitz and Bautzen to Dresden was discontinued on March 1, 2015. From the timetable change in December 2015, through trains to Wroclaw were offered again. Some Polish regional trains, which previously only ran to Zgorzelec, have since been tied through to Görlitz. With the timetable change in December 2019, electric rail traffic on the route to Węgliniec and a direct intercity connection to Warsaw began.

Road network

The road network has a total length of 57.8 kilometers (as of 2004). The city is on Europastraße 40 . The Europastraße leads over the German federal autobahn 4 in the direction of Dresden and on the Polish side over the autostrada A 4 in the direction of Krakow . The Droga krajowa 30 via Luban (Lauban) and GRYFÓW ŚLĄSKI (Greiffenberg) to Jelenia Góra (Hirschberg) the Giant Mountains . The Droga krajowa 94 , however, is almost parallel to polish car Strada A 4 to Krakow.

Established businesses

In the industrial area in the north of Zgorzelec is the heating plant of the municipal company ZPEC with the distinctive chimney. The heating plant was modernized in several stages from 2008 in order to minimize the fine dust pollution in the German-Polish city. The renovation was also co-financed with funds from the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety . The mechanical engineering company KOPEX-FAMAGO has its headquarters in the immediate vicinity . It was founded in 1957 as part of the Turów opencast mine and was responsible for maintenance and repair work. In 1992 it was privatized and among other things builds opencast mining machines and machines for cargo handling as well as various machine elements such as B. clutches, gears and shafts. To the north of the engineering company on Ulica Fabryczna there are also the historic buildings of the former Görlitzer Gaswerk II. It was built in 1904 to supply the city of Görlitz with gas, as the production limits of Plant I on the Lunitz had been reached. The company Dolnośląska Spółka Gazownictwa maintains a branch on the site of the gas works.

On the outskirts of the city on Ulica Armii Wojska Polskiego is Europe's largest banana importer - the Citronex company . Among other things, it operates Europe's largest ripening plant for bananas and a large fleet of trucks for the transport of goods. The bananas are delivered to several retail chains in Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic.

Numerous jobs were created in the retail sector from the late 1990s. Several foreign companies invested in department stores in an industrial park east of the city. Two large supermarkets ( real, - and Carrefour ), two hardware stores and numerous shopping arcades, including the Zgorzelec Plaza , which opened on March 18, 2010 - a shopping center with several retailers on 13,000 m² of sales area, were built here. Due to the proximity to the border, the markets also benefit from German buyers. So-called tank tourism also led to a very high density of petrol stations in the Zgorzelec urban area. There are more than twice as many petrol stations in Zgorzelec as in the neighboring German town of Görlitz.

South of the Ujazd (Moys) district, between Ulica Sulikowska and the new bypass, there is an area of ​​around 16 hectares that belongs to the Kamienna Góra Special Economic Zone . Companies that set up in this zone receive state financial support in the amount of up to 65% of the capital contribution. Aerosol International , a manufacturer of aluminum packaging for the cosmetics industry, received a permit to locate in the special economic zone. The company wanted to invest 180 million zlotys in the planned location and 300 jobs should be created. In September 2013 it became known that the establishment of the company had failed.

One of the most important employers in the region is the Turów power station , 25 kilometers to the south , which is also the main sponsor of the local basketball team. The lignite power plant is the third largest in Poland with an output of 1900 megawatts. It covers eight percent of Poland's energy needs. Around 1,800 people work in the power plant.

media

The Gazeta Wojewódzka appears once a week. Gazeta Powiatowa is published every two weeks with a local edition in Zgorzelec. Even the station Telewizja Łużyce regularly publishes reports on television Zgorzelec, the County Zgorzelec and the neighboring counties Luban , Bolesławiec and Lwówek Slaski . In the 1990s there was another local television station, Zgorzelecka Telewizja Lokalna (ZTL) . It no longer exists today. The local radio station Radio Frem , which also broadcast radio programs in German, and the online radio station Radio Tri Zgorzelec have now also been switched off.

The stations of the public radio company Polskie Radio : Jedynka (92.5 MHz), Dwójka (93.2 MHz), Trójka (91.5 MHz) and Czwórka (90.6 MHz) can be received in the city as well as public - legal television channels TVP1 , TVP2 and TVP Wrocław .

Public facilities

The Zgorzelec District Court is located in the city on Armii Krajowej Street and Józefa Poniatowskiego Street. The court is also housed in part of the former Courbière barracks . It is subordinate to the District Court in Jelenia Góra. The district court houses the following five chambers: civil law, criminal law, youth and family law as well as labor law and the land registry.

The public city library is located in the house on Ulica Bohaterów Getta 1. It was founded in May 1946 on the initiative of the school inspector. However, the library initially had neither space nor media to borrow. However, the district library and reading room were opened on September 15, 1946. The library has several branches in the city.

The district hospital is located on Lubańska Street. The hospital is one of 160 Polish hospitals selected by the Polish Ministry of Health as a multidisciplinary focus hospital. Since 1999 the hospital has been expanded from seven wards to 19 wards and has been fundamentally modernized and equipped with new technology.

The city of Zgorzelec is the administrative seat of Gmina Zgorzelec (rural municipality of Zgorzelec) , but does not belong to it as an independent municipality. The administrative center of the municipality is located in the north of Zgorzelec at the intersection of Ulica Lubańska and Ulica Tadeusza Kościuszki.

education

The Liceum on Ulica Partyzantów across from Dom Kultury

There are a total of six kindergartens in the city. This includes a bilingual kindergarten privately owned by the DPFA Academy Group in the Ujazd district. In the same building, the German-Polish primary school Regenbogen is housed under the same sponsorship.

In addition to the private primary school, there are three other public primary schools in Zgorzelec and five grammar schools. The grammar schools are comparable to the German middle school . There are also two private schools among the grammar schools - a school for adults (Polish: Gimnazjum dla dorosłych Żak ) and the bilingual Gimnazjum Łużyckie . The Gimnazjum Łużyckie is just like the Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Braci Śniadeckich housed in the former building trade and mechanical engineering school on Ulica Partyzantów (Friedrichsplatz) . The general education liceum bears the name of the brothers Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki . The school leads to the general university entrance qualification . There are also three vocational schools in Zgorzelec.

The Łódź School of Humanities and Economics and the Legnica Management University have branches in Zgorzelec.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

Zgorzelec City Council can give honorary citizenship to persons with special merits. Applications for honorary citizenship can be submitted by the municipality, citizens and companies of the city as well as associations and organizations. In 2000, Aleksander Kwaśniewski , the third President of the Third Polish Republic, received honorary citizenship. Eight years later it was given to Jan Mycek , the former pastor of the Catholic parish of St. Boniface and prelate of the Zgorzelec deanery.

sons and daughters of the town

• Mirosław Fiedorowicz (* 1956), Mayor of Zgorzelec from 1998 to 2006
• Janusz Bronowicz (* 1960), Major General of the Polish Armed Forces
• Ryszard Sobczak (* 1967), fencer
• Roman Brodniak (* 1968), member of the Sejm between 2007 and 2011
• Rafał Gronicz (* 1973), Mayor of Zgorzelec since 2006
• Agata Korc (* 1986), swimmer

literature

• Richard Jecht : History of the City of Görlitz . Self-published, Görlitz 1922, OCLC 187196824 .
• Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , p. 138.
• Stella Pfeiffer, Elżbieta Opiłowska: Two sides of one city. Görlitz - Zgorzelec . 1st edition. Edition Sächsische Zeitung, Dresden 2006, ISBN 3-938325-11-9 .
• Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: Over seven bridges ... Görlitz - The East City on old postcards and photographs . In German and Polish. Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2008, OCLC 723448034 .
• Elżbieta Opiłowska: Continuities and breaks in German-Polish cultures of remembrance. Görlitz - Zgorzelec 1945-2006 . Neisse Verlag, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-940310-56-9 .
• Christoph Waack: Görlitz / Zgorzelec . Ed .: Peter Haslinger u. a. (=  Historical-topographical atlas of Silesian cities / Historyczno-topograficzny atlas miast śląskich . Volume 1 ). Herder Institute, Marburg / Wrocław 2010, ISBN 978-3-87969-361-0 ( online ).
• Martina Pietsch (Ed.): Home and Foreign. Migration and urban development in Görlitz and Zgorzelec since 1933 . Self-published by the Silesian Museum zu Görlitz Foundation, Görlitz 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813510-1-9 .

Web links

Commons : Zgorzelec  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Homepage
• Tourist information
• Multimedia urban development

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 . 
2. ↑ G. Kiessling: Glimpses into the dialect of southern Upper Lusatia. Raschkem, 1883, p. 17.
3. ↑ www.oberlausitzer-woerterbuch.de
4. ↑ maps.geoportal.gov.pl (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 21, 2012 ; Retrieved September 25, 2012 . 
5. ↑ Görlitz Municipal Art Collections (ed.): Atelier Robert Scholz . From the work of a Görlitz family of photographers. Görlitz 1994, p. 31 .
6. ↑ Klaus-Peter Längert, Jenny Thümmler: The 15th meridian is now also visible in Zgorzelec . In: Saxon newspaper . April 12, 2012 ( online [accessed August 3, 2012]).
7. ^ EF Glocker, Naturforschende Gesellschaft Görlitz (Hrsg.): Geognostic map of the Royal. Preuss. Upper Lusatia . Lithograph Institution v. Franz Weingärtner, Görlitz 1857.
8. ^ Richard Lepsius, C. Vogel: Geological maps from the German Empire, 1: 500,000, copperplate engraving, 1894–1897 . Perthes, Gotha 1913, p. Sect. 20: Goerlitz .
9. ^ Görlitz-Zittau: Graphic workshops (ed.): Geological history of Upper Lusatia . 1990, p. 32 .
10. ↑ stat.gov.pl: PODZIAŁ TERYTORIALNY ; 2007 (Polish). (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved July 27, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
11. ↑ stat.gov.pl: ROLNICTWO ; 2005 (Polish). (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 12, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
12. ↑ stat.gov.pl: LEŚNICTWO ; 2007 (Polish). (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 12, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
13. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Mapa Miasta . Retrieved January 4, 2012 . 
14. ↑ allemetsat.com: Climate, precipitation and temperature diagrams for the city of Görlitz . Retrieved April 30, 2010 . 
15. ↑ ^{a b} dwd.de: mean precipitation values . ( ZIP ; 352 kB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; Retrieved July 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
16. ↑ ^{a b} dwd.de: Average values ​​of the temperature . ( ZIP ; 53 kB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; Retrieved July 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
17. ↑ edujrinne8.republika.pl: WYCIECZKA PRZYRODNICZA W ZGORZELCU (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed 3 April 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
18. ↑ ^{a b} dwd.de: Average values ​​for the duration of sunshine . ( ZIP ; 43 kB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; Retrieved July 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
19. ↑ wetterkontor.de: The climate in Görlitz (data for relative humidity). Retrieved July 29, 2012 . 
20. ↑ iten-online.ch: Germany / Görlitz (data for precipitation days / month). Retrieved July 29, 2012 . 
21. ↑ ^{a b c d} Richard Jecht: History of the city of Görlitz . 1st edition. tape 1 , half volume 2: Topography . Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 716 .
22. ↑ diakonie-goerlitz.de: Planning and construction of the welfare house . Retrieved May 31, 2012 . 
23. ↑ goerlitz.de: Zgorzelec Town Hall . (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved May 30, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
24. ↑ Ines-Ulrike Rudolf, Susanne Jaeger (ed.): Görlitz - Zgorzelec - strategies without borders - Nowe strategie bez granic . TUDpress Verlag, Dresden 2007, p. 108 .
25. ^ Ernst-Heinz Lemper : Görlitz - A historical topography . 2nd Edition. Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz / Zittau 2009, ISBN 978-3-938583-16-6 , pp. 190 .
26. ^ Ernst Kretzschmar: Görlitz as a Prussian garrison town . 1st edition. Stadtbild-Verlag, 2005, p. 86 f., 91 .
27. ^ Conrad Heese: From the diary of Justizrat Conrad Heese - Görlitz 1945 . 2nd Edition. Heese-Patzelt, Oldenburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-025160-3 , p. 73 ff., 106 f .
28. ↑ ^{a b c} Elżbieta Opiłowska: CITY - RIVER - BORDER . Divided cities on the German-Polish border. No. 1-2 , 2011, pp. 158 ff . ( online (PDF; 380 kB)). online ( Memento of the original from October 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
29. ↑ ^{a b} Stefan Troebst: Silesia Balcanica . In: Martina Pietsch (Ed.): Home and Foreign. Migration and urban development in Görlitz and Zgorzelec since 1933 . Self-published by the Silesian Museum in Görlitz Foundation, Görlitz 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813510-1-9 , p. 88 ff .
30. ↑ ^{a b} de-pl.info: On the way to encounter: The online diary part 12. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 21, 2006 ; Retrieved September 9, 2010 . 
31. ↑ ^{a b c d} PDF of the radio feature "The Greeks of Görlitz" by Dieter Wulf, production: Deutschlandfunk 2018, first broadcast on August 21, 2018, accessed on August 21, 2018
32. ↑ ^{a b} Elżbieta Opiłowska: Memories of the Beginning . In: Martina Pietsch (Ed.): Home and Foreign. Migration and urban development in Görlitz and Zgorzelec since 1933 . Self-published by the Silesian Museum in Görlitz Foundation, Görlitz 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813510-1-9 , p. 78 .
33. ↑ dpg-bundesverband.de: Görlitz Treaty. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 1, 2012 ; Retrieved September 9, 2010 . 
34. ↑ pwik.zgorzelec.pl: ZUW przy ul.Orzeszkowej 3 w Zgorzelcu (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 18, 2012 ; Retrieved July 27, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
35. ^ Wilfried Rettig: Görlitz railway junction . Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, Egglham 1994, ISBN 3-922138-53-5 , p. 9 .
36. ^ Chronistgoerlitz.de: History of Görlitz . (PDF; 811 kB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 23, 2014 ; accessed August 8, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
37. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Historia (Polish). Retrieved April 3, 2012 . 
38. ^ Burkhard Olschowsky: Poland and the GDR in the eighties . In: Heiner Timmermann (ed.): The GDR in Europe: Between isolation and opening . 1st edition. Lit Verlag, Münster 2005, ISBN 978-3-8258-8884-8 , p. 47 .
39. ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF; 802 kB)
40. ↑ goerlitz.de: Old Town Bridge. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 3, 2010 ; Retrieved September 9, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
41. ↑ bip.um-zgorzelec.dolnyslask.pl: PROTOKÓŁ No. XIX / 2012 sesji Rady Miasta Zgorzelec odbytej w dniu 28 lutego 2012 r. w Miejskim Domu Kultury w Zgorzelcu . (DOC; 211 kB) Retrieved June 22, 2016 . 
42. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Zagospodarowanie centrum . Retrieved June 22, 2016 . 
43. ↑ Kultur2010.de: Homepage with the applications for the Capital of Culture 2010. Accessed on September 9, 2010 . 
44. ↑ tagesspiegel.de: Poland closes borders - and leaves a few gaps . Retrieved August 16, 2020 . 
45. ↑ Gabriela Lachnit: Poland controls the border in a highly armed state. In: Saxon newspaper . April 21, 2020, accessed August 16, 2020 . 
46. ↑ mdr.de: Cheers after the opening of the border between Görlitz and the neighboring town of Zgorzelec . Retrieved August 16, 2020 . 
47. ^ Ernst-Heinz Lemper: Görlitz - A historical topography . 2nd Edition. Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz / Zittau 2009, ISBN 978-3-938583-16-6 , pp. 229 .
48. ↑ herder-institut.de: Görlitz / Zgorzelec - urban development - extensions until 1945, extensions until 1989 and extensions until 2007 . Retrieved October 16, 2012 . 
49. ↑ Ines-Ulrike Rudolf, Susanne Jaeger (ed.): Görlitz - Zgorzelec - strategies without borders - Nowe strategie bez granic . TUDpress Verlag, Dresden 2007, p. 12 .
50. ↑ ^{a b Paths of} life into the unknown. An exhibition about migration in Görlitz-Zgorzelec from 1933 until today. May 21, 2011 to March 25, 2012 in the Schlesisches Museum zu Görlitz
51. ↑ Elżbieta Opiłowska: Memories of the Beginning . In: Martina Pietsch (Ed.): Home and Foreign. Migration and urban development in Görlitz and Zgorzelec since 1933 . Self-published by the Silesian Museum in Görlitz Foundation, Görlitz 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813510-1-9 , p. 79 .
52. ^ Stefan Troebst: Silesia Balcanica . In: Martina Pietsch (Ed.): Home and Foreign. Migration and urban development in Görlitz and Zgorzelec since 1933 . Self-published by the Silesian Museum in Görlitz Foundation, Görlitz 2010, ISBN 978-3-9813510-1-9 , p. 91 .
53. ↑ reporterreisen.com: The soul of the Polish Greeks . Retrieved April 22, 2012 . 
54. ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2015. (ZIP folder with XLS files; 7.82 MB) Central Statistical Office of Poland, accessed on June 22, 2016 . 
55. ↑ goerlitz.de: Monthly statistical figures for the city of Görlitz, June 2015 . (PDF; 459 kB) Retrieved June 22, 2016 . 
56. ↑ ^{a b} stat.gov.pl: Statystyczne Vademecum Samorządowca 2015 ; 2015 (Polish). (PDF) Retrieved July 27, 2012 . 
57. ↑ zgorzelec.pl: Greek Orthodox Church . Retrieved September 9, 2010 . 
58. ↑ luban.luteranie.pl: 5 lat polskich nabożeństw ewangelickich w Görlitz (Polish). Retrieved July 28, 2012 . 
59. ↑ jozef.zgorzelec.pl: O Parafii (Polish). Retrieved September 9, 2010 . 
60. ↑ mblzgorzelec.pl: Budowa Kościoła MBŁ (Polish). Retrieved August 22, 2012 . 
61. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Fiedler: A walk through the old Görlitz-Moys . 1st edition. Senfkorn-Verlag, Görlitz 2012, p. 50 .
62. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Polacy i Niemcy razem dla Pamięci (Polish). Retrieved August 22, 2012 . 
63. ↑ mblzgorzelec.pl: Cmentarz (Polish). Retrieved August 22, 2012 . 
64. ↑ ^{a b} bip.um-zgorzelec.dolnyslask.pl: REJESTR KLUBÓW RADNYCHRADY MIASTA ZGORZELEC KADENCJA 2014–2018 . Retrieved February 20, 2016 . 
65. ↑ zinfo.pl: Oto nowa Rada Miasta Zgorzelec! Retrieved February 20, 2016 . 
66. ↑ Hans-Joachim Noack: Man would like to dream . In: Der Spiegel . No. 28 , 1991, pp. 150 .
67. ↑ wybory2014.pkw.gov.pl: Wybory 2 tura Burmistrz Miasta Zgorzelec (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 20, 2016 ; Retrieved February 20, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
68. ↑ wybory2006.pkw.gov.pl: Wybory Burmistrza - głosowanie ponowne (Polish). Retrieved July 15, 2012 . 
69. ↑ wybory2010.pkw.gov.pl: Zbiorcze informacje o głosowaniu w obwodach (Polish). Retrieved July 15, 2012 . 
70. ↑ ^{a b} zgorzelec.eu: Insygnia miejskie (Polish). Retrieved September 2, 2012 . 
71. ^ Revision of the latest Lusatian literature . In: Peschek (ed.): New Lausitz magazine . No. 1 . Görlitz 1832, p. 355 ( online [accessed September 2, 2012]).
72. ↑ ^{a b} Th. Heinrich: The seal and coat of arms of the city of Görlitz . In: Richard Jecht (Ed.): New Lausitz magazine . tape 67 . Görlitz 1891, p. 33 f . ( online [accessed September 2, 2012]).
73. ^ ^{A b} Regional Authority Lower Silesia: HERB MIASTA ZGORZELEC (Polish). Retrieved September 2, 2012 . 
74. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Miasta partnerskie / Naoussa (Polish). Retrieved July 29, 2012 . 
75. ↑ ^{a b} goerlitz.de: European city of Görlitz / Zgorzelec - municipal development work . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 9, 2011 ; Retrieved July 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
76. ↑ Zgorzelec wants a tram across the border . In: Saxon newspaper . January 27, 2012 ( online ).
77. ↑ muzeum.zgorzelec.eu: O muzeum (Polish). Retrieved July 28, 2012 . 
78. ↑ schlesische-musikfeste.de: flashback . Retrieved August 8, 2012 . 
79. ^ Richard Jecht: History of the city of Görlitz . 1st edition. tape 1 , half volume 2: Topography . Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 733 .
80. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Rewitalizacja części obszaru miasta Zgorzelec (Polish). (PDF; 4.4 MB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 19, 2014 ; Retrieved April 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
81. ↑ Rewitalizacja części miasta obszaru Zgorzelec . 2011, p. 3 ( online [PDF; accessed August 7, 2012]). online ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
82. ^ Ines Igney, Christian Suhrbier: New apartments and shops on the old town bridge . In: Saxon newspaper . November 20, 2007 ( online [accessed May 26, 2013]).
83. ^ Richard Jecht: History of the city of Görlitz . 1st edition. tape 1 , half volume 2: Topography . Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 602 ff .
84. ↑ ^{a b c} Ines-Ulrike Rudolf, Susanne Jaeger (ed.): Görlitz - Zgorzelec - strategies without borders - Nowe strategie bez granic . TUDpress Verlag, Dresden 2007, p. 100 ff .
85. ↑ radiopolska.pl: Zgorzelec * * Wieża Ciśnień (Polish). Retrieved July 30, 2012 . 
86. ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 653 .
87. ^ Ernst Kretzschmar: Görlitz as a Prussian garrison town . 1st edition. Stadtbild-Verlag, 2005, p. 19, 22, 80, 83 .
88. ↑ dresden-und-sachsen.de: From the Görlitz town history . Retrieved September 1, 2012 . 
89. ^ Ernst Kretzschmar: Görlitz as a Prussian garrison town . 1st edition. Stadtbild-Verlag, 2005, p. 80, 86 f .
90. ↑ wosoz.ibip.wroc.pl: Wykazy zabytków: powiat zgorzelecki . Retrieved October 17, 2012 . 
91. ↑ nid.pl: ZGORZELEC - m. (PDF; 1.0 MB) (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved October 17, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
92. ^ Ernst-Heinz Lemper: Görlitz - A historical topography . 2nd Edition. Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz / Zittau 2009, ISBN 978-3-938583-16-6 , pp. 201 f .
93. ↑ Schlesisches Museum zu Görlitz, Kulturhistorisches Museum Görlitz, Miejski Dom Kultury Zgorzelec (ed.): Under the green dome. podzieloną kopułą . Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz / Zittau 2004, ISBN 3-932693-88-4 , p. 21, 55 ff., 61 .
94. ^ Willfried Rettig: Görlitz railway junction . 1st edition. Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, 1994, ISBN 3-922138-53-5 , p. 8th f .
95. ↑ it.zgorzelec.pl: Baroque castle on Ulica Francuska . Retrieved April 4, 2012 . 
96. ↑ Thomas Backhaus: A Church Makes History - The Catholic Church St. Bonifatius in Zgorzelec . In: Preservation of monuments in Görlitz, issue 17 . Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz / Zittau 2008, p. 6th ff .
97. ↑ zgorzelec.pl: St. Bonifacius Church. Retrieved September 9, 2010 . 
98. ↑ zgorzelec.pl: The Church of St. John Taufer. Retrieved September 9, 2010 . 
99. ↑ it.zgorzelec.pl: The cemetery of soldiers of the II Army of the Polish Troops . Retrieved April 4, 2012 . 
100. ↑ it.zgorzelec.pl: Stalag VIII A in Zgorzelec - Ujazd . Retrieved April 4, 2012 . 
101. ↑ edujrinne8.republika.pl: WYCIECZKA PRZYRODNICZA W ZGORZELCU (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 8, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
102. ↑ Hans Schulz: The column has been back in its original location since 2003 . In: Saxon newspaper . January 24, 2007 ( online [accessed April 4, 2012]).
103. ↑ ^{a b} Ines-Ulrike Rudolf, Susanne Jaeger (ed.): Görlitz - Zgorzelec - strategies without borders - Nowe strategie bez granic . TUDpress Verlag, Dresden 2007, p. 107 .
104. ↑ Katarzyna Łapińska: Natura 2000 areas close to the border - the location, the assets to be protected and the implementation of the work on the protective measures plans. (PDF; 769 kB) Retrieved July 29, 2012 . 
105. ↑ Ines-Ulrike Rudolf, Susanne Jaeger (ed.): Görlitz - Zgorzelec - strategies without borders - Nowe strategie bez granic . TUDpress Verlag, Dresden 2007, p. 99 .
106. ↑ Ines-Ulrike Rudolf, Susanne Jaeger (ed.): Görlitz - Zgorzelec - strategies without borders - Nowe strategie bez granic . TUDpress Verlag, Dresden 2007, p. 111 f .
107. ^ Daniela Pfeiffer: Zgorzelec basketball dreams burst. Retrieved December 18, 2018 . 
108. ↑ Company for sports hall construction found . In: Saxon newspaper . May 3, 2012 ( online ).
109. ↑ Basketball players in Zgorzelec are looking forward to a new hall . In: Saxon newspaper . July 24, 2012 ( online ).
110. ↑ Zgorzelec has now been selected as the third venue for the Senior European Championships . In: Saxon newspaper . April 10, 2012, p. 13 ( online ).
111. ↑ otozgorzelec.pl: Greckie rytmy w Zgorzelcu (Polish). Retrieved October 17, 2012 . 
112. ↑ Program Opieki nad Zabytkami dla Miasta Zgorzelec 2012–2015 . Zgorzelec 2012, p. 62 .
113. ↑ brueckepreis.de: Award Regulations. Retrieved April 12, 2012 . 
114. ↑ brueckepreis.de: Prize winners. Retrieved April 29, 2010 . 
115. ↑ brueckepreis.de: Günter Grass. Accessed 12 April 2012 . 
116. ↑ brueckepreis.de: Prize winners . Retrieved April 12, 2012 . 
117. ↑ brueckepreis.de: International Bridge Award 2012 goes to Dr. Vitali Klitschko . Retrieved April 12, 2012 . 
118. ↑ goerlitzer-anzeiger.de: International Bridge Prize goes to Steffen Möller . Retrieved July 22, 2014 . 
119. ↑ goerlitz.de: 2014 Brückepreis to Jean-Claude Juncker . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 28, 2014 ; Retrieved July 22, 2014 . 
120. ↑ brueckepreis.de: 2015 - Olga Tokarczuk . Retrieved September 16, 2016 . 
121. ↑ brueckepreis.de: 2016 - Timothy Garton Ash . Retrieved September 16, 2016 . 
122. ↑ AERO CLUB ZGORZELEC. Retrieved November 5, 2012 . 
123. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Komunikacja miejska po nowemu (Polish). Retrieved December 18, 2018 . 
124. ↑ zvon.de: City traffic plans Görlitz / Zgorzelec (Dec. 2018) . (PDF) Retrieved December 18, 2018 . 
125. ↑ gazetawroclawska.pl: Dolny Śląsk: Będą szynobusy z Jeleniej Góry do Zgorzelca . Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
126. ↑ vvo-online.de: Connection to the European Capital of Culture 2016 seems to be secure . (PDF) Retrieved November 7, 2015 . 
127. ↑ In future, trains will run from Görlitz to Jelenia Gora . In: Saxon newspaper . October 10, 2015 ( online [accessed June 10, 2012]).
128. ↑ stat.gov.pl: TRANSPORT I ŁĄCZNOŚĆ ; 2004 (Polish). (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved July 27, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
129. ↑ zpec.com.pl: Modernizacja (Polish). Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
130. ^ Regional Council Dresden Environment Department (Ed.): Clean air plan for the city of Görlitz . April 2008, p. 60 ( PDF, 2.11 MB [accessed July 25, 2012]).
131. ↑ kopexfamago.eu: Historia (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 14, 2012 ; accessed 25 July 2012 . 
132. ↑ kopexfamago.eu: Przedmiot działalności (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 19, 2012 ; Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
133. ^ Willfried Rettig: Görlitz railway junction . 1st edition. Bufe-Fachbuch-Verlag, 1994, ISBN 3-922138-53-5 , p. 53 .
134. ↑ dsgaz.pl: Oddział Zakład Gazowniczy Zgorzelec (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 17, 2013 ; Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
135. ↑ citronex.pl: world of bananas . (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved November 12, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
136. ↑ goerlitz.de: In the best neighborhood - the sister city of Zgorzelec . (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 20, 2013 ; Retrieved December 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
137. ↑ plazacenters.com: Zgorzelec Plaza. Retrieved September 9, 2010 . 
138. ↑ ssemp.pl: Podstrefa Zgorzelec - mapa (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 12, 2012 ; Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
139. ↑ Unternehmensberatung-imperial.eu: Special Economic Zone . Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
140. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: W zgorzeleckiej podstrefie powstanie inwestycja warta 180 mln zł (Polish). Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
141. ↑ 300 new jobs in Zgorzelec . In: Saxon newspaper . July 25, 2012 ( online [accessed July 25, 2012]).
142. ↑ Cosmetics company cancels major investment . In: Saxon newspaper . September 18, 2013 ( online [accessed October 8, 2013]).
143. ↑ Irmela Hennig: Turow power plant is investing over five million euros in noise protection . In: Saxon newspaper . February 22, 2012 ( online ).
144. ↑ Holger Gutte: Turow power plant plans to install silencers from June . In: Saxon newspaper . February 3, 2010.
145. ↑ elturow.pgegiek.pl: Pracownicy (Polish). Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
146. ↑ lr-online.de: Turow power plant has arrived in the modern age . Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
147. ↑ luzyce.info. Retrieved July 25, 2012 . 
148. ↑ jelenia-gora.so.gov.pl: Wydziały (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 1, 2015 ; Retrieved April 6, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
149. ↑ biblioteka-zgorzelec.info: Historia (Polish). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 27, 2011 ; Retrieved April 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
150. ↑ spzoz.zgorzelec.pl: Wielospecjalistyczny Szpital (Polish). Retrieved April 3, 2012 . 
151. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Oświata / Przedszkola . Retrieved April 3, 2012 . 
152. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Oświata / Szkoły podstawowe (Polish). Retrieved October 9, 2012 . 
153. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Oświata / Gimnazja (Polish). Retrieved October 9, 2012 . 
154. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Informator miejski: Oświata (Polish). Retrieved September 9, 2010 . 
155. ↑ zgorzelec.eu: Honorowe Obywatelstwo Miasta Zgorzelec (Polish). Retrieved April 11, 2012 . 

This article was added to the list of articles worth reading on September 13, 2012 in this version .