Luban

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Luban
Lubań coat of arms
Lubań (Poland)
Luban
Luban
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Luban
Area : 16.12  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 7 '  N , 15 ° 18'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 7 '15 "  N , 15 ° 17' 31"  E
Height : 212 m npm
Residents : 21,087
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 59-800
Telephone code : (+48) 75
License plate : DLB
Economy and Transport
Street : Droga krajowa 30 : Zgorzelec – Jelenia Góra
Rail route : Zgorzelec – Wałbrzych
Węgliniec – Lubań
Next international airport : Dresden
Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Surface: 16.12 km²
Residents: 21,087
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 1308 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0210011
Administration (as of 2014)
Mayor : Arkadiusz Słowiński
Address: ul. 7 Dywizji 14
59-800 Lubań
Website : www.luban.pl



Lubań [ ˈlubaɲ ] (German Lauban ; Silesian and Upper Lusatian Laubn or Laubm ) is a city in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . From 1815 to 1945 Lauban belonged to the Prussian province of Silesia . The city is the seat of the Lubański Powiat . It is a member of the Neisse Euroregion .

Geographical location

Lauban east-southeast of Görlitz on a map from 1905

The city is located in Upper Lusatia on the northern foothills of the Jizera Mountains foothills ( Pogórze Izerskie ) on the left bank of the Queis ( Kwisa ) in Lower Silesia at 214 m above sea level. NHN , 24 kilometers east of the city of Görlitz .

Neighboring towns are Uniegoszcz ( Alt Bertelsdorf ) and Nawojów Łużycki ( Saxon Haugsdorf ) in the north, Nawojów Śląski ( Silesian Haugsdorf ), Radostów Średni ( Mittel-Thiemendorf ) in the northeast, Wolbromów ( Klein-Neundorf ) in the east, Jałowiec ( Wingendorf ) in the south Zaręba Dolna ( Nieder-Lichtenau ) and Zaręba Górna ( Ober-Lichtenau ) in the southwest, Wesołówka ( Löbenslust ) in the west and Pisarzowice ( Schreibersdorf ) in the northwest.

history

Brothers Tower
Laubaner town hall, built in the 16th century
Salt house (for salt storage), built in 1539 (photo from 1999)
Lauban at the beginning of the 19th century
Joseph Goebbels in Lauban at the award ceremony for the Hitler Youth Willi Huebner, March 1945

A verse is passed down from Mayor Zeidler's “Annalibus Civitatis Laubanae” from 1628, after which Graff Gero von Altenburg moved into a hunting lodge in the wilderness of Luzeban in 711 and began to build it.

Lauban was probably built next to a Slavic settlement (Alt Lauban, west of Alt Laubanbach), between the Queis River and the Alt Laubanbach. It was founded around 1220 and first mentioned in a document in 1268. In the first half of the 13th century it was granted city rights , probably on the basis of Magdeburg law . It belonged to the Bohemian Upper Lusatia and was owned by the Ascanian Margraves of Brandenburg from 1253 . Initially as a pledge as part of the marriage of Margrave Otto III. with Beatrix of Bohemia. After the Ascanians died out in 1319, the Land of Görlitz with Lauban and the Queiskreis passed to Duke Heinrich von Jauer . Although he had already in 1329 to the Czech king Görlitz John of Luxembourg had to give back, Luban and Queiskreis fell after the death of Duke Henry in 1346 as a completed fief to the crown of Bohemia home . In the same year, Lauban joined Görlitz, Löbau, Bautzen, Zittau and Kamenz in the Upper Lusatian Six Cities Association , which developed into an economically strong community.

From 1273 until the Reformation there was a Franciscan monastery in Lauban , which belonged to the Saxon Order Province ( Saxonia ); it could be expanded in 1333. The last Franciscan had to leave the city in 1556. In 1320 a convent of the Magdalenese was founded in Lauban . Lauban became the headquarters of the religious community. 1415 Lauban fell into the excommunication by Bishop Thimo of Colditz, because the city had punished a thieving priest, John of Kotbus with death. In May of 1427 Lauban was captured by a Hussite army for the first time . In the subsequent massacre of some 1,000 Catholics, including many displaced from Bohemia and priests from Prague refugee students, the priest suffered John Rimer the martyrdom . He was canonized by the Catholic Church. In 1431 Lauban was again conquered and destroyed by a Hussite army.

The first evangelical preaching took place in 1525 in the town church. When the citizens of the city accepted the Reformation around 1540, the Magdalen convent remained Catholic. From then on, the Protestant citizens and the Catholic nuns shared the church. Along with Bautzen, Lauban was the second town in Upper Lusatia to have a simultaneous church that Protestants and Catholics shared.

In the Schmalkaldic War of 1546/47 Lauban lost his ten chamber villages in the Pönfall . After the Peace of Prague , Lauban fell to the Evangelical Electorate of Saxony in 1635, together with Upper Lusatia . During the Thirty Years' War , Lauban had to endure marches and billeting of Saxon, Imperial and Swedish armies. After 1653 it took in numerous religious refugees from Silesia and Bohemia who had been persecuted in their countries in the course of the Counter Reformation . During the Great Northern War from September 12 to 14, 1707, the Swedish King Charles XII stayed. in Lauban, where the documents of the Altranstadt Convention were exchanged. On November 23, 1745, during the Second Silesian War, the Battle of Hennersdorf took place seven kilometers northwest of Lauban . During the Seven Years' War , Lauban was occupied by Prussia in 1757. In 1487, 1554, 1559, 1670, 1696 and 1760 Lauban was destroyed by city fires. From 1812 to 1813 Bavarian and Italian troops passed through, pillage by fleeing French troops.

With the treaties of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Lauban, which until then had belonged to the Upper Lusatian Union of Six Cities, fell to Prussia together with East Upper Lusatia . In 1816 Lauban was assigned to the Prussian province of Silesia and there the administrative district of Liegnitz . In the same year the Lauban district was formed, which was made up of formerly Saxon (Upper Lusatia) areas west of the Queis and from 1819 also from Old Silesian areas. At that time the city had about 4,300 inhabitants, in 1820 the district had about 8,200 inhabitants.

In 1866 Lauban was connected to the railway network. In 1854 Albert Augustin founded the Laubaner clay works , which became known for their deep red terracotta . In the 1860s they were u. a. used to clad the fronts of the Red City Hall in Berlin. Since the 1890s, production has been switched to clay wall stones with a porcelain glaze (e.g. for tunnels and bathing establishments). Before 1939 these articles were exported worldwide.

In the second half of the 19th century, the city developed into a center of the textile industry , particularly specializing in the production of handkerchiefs . Before the Second World War, about 95% of all German handkerchiefs were manufactured in Lauban. During this time, the advertising slogan Lauban blow the world your nose . A Deutsche Reichsbahn repair shop was another major employer. The Julius Müller loom factory was established in 1919 from a forge and car repair shop.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Lauban had two Protestant churches, a Catholic church, a grammar school , a trade and brick making school , a chamber of commerce , a branch of the Reichsbank , a hospital (former monastery of the Magdalenerinnen , founded in 1320), various production facilities for medium-sized companies and was its headquarters a district court .

Until 1945, Lauban was the administrative seat of the district of Lauban in the administrative district of Liegnitz in the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Empire .

During the Second World War , around 60 percent of the city was destroyed in February and March 1945. In February 1945 the city had already been largely taken by the Red Army , but was completely recaptured in March by German troops under Walther Nehring . That is why Reich Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels staged his last newsreel appearance in Lauban with the usual slogans at the time. After the invasion of the Red Army at the end of the war in May 1945, it was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying forces . She got the Polish name Lubań . The remaining approx. 3000 German residents were expelled by the local Polish administrative authority in 1946 .

In 1950 the district was dissolved, only to be brought back to life in 1999. In the 1950s, the square block of houses in the middle of the ring, which was only slightly damaged during the war, was torn down except for the Krämerturm. From 1997 to 2002, however, the development was restored and shops were added. The Saxon Post-Hour Column on the Ring was also reconstructed at the suggestion of the local Society of Friends of the Polish Upper Lusatia , which was located opposite the district court until 1945. The rediscovery of the foundations of the former gallows at the gates of the city was also sensational.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1816 04405
1825 04979 including military personnel, of whom 4,771 Protestants and 208 Catholics; Jews are not allowed to settle
1840 05716 including military personnel (detachment of the 9th Invaliden Company), including 5342 Evangelicals and 374 Catholics; Jews are not allowed to settle
1843 05974 at the end of the year, including 141 military personnel including families and servants
1867 08165 on December 3rd
1871 09087 on December 1st including the garrison (a battalion Landwehr No. 47), of which 7770 Protestants, 1238 Catholics, 31 other Christians, 48 ​​Jews.
1890 11,958 9893 Protestants, 1982 Catholics, 59 Jews
1900 13,793 with the garrison (a battalion of 19 infantry), of which 2556 were Catholics and 65 were Jews
1925 15,971 thereof 12,880 Evangelicals, 2797 Catholics, 20 other Christians, 35 Jews
1933 16,201 thereof 12,908 Evangelicals, 2,758 Catholics, no other Christian, 30 Jews
1939 16,436 thereof 12,805 Evangelicals, 2,885 Catholics, 50 other Christians, 13 Jews

Attractions

Trinity Church
Ring / market square with town hall
Replica of the distance column from Görlitzer Tor on the ring
Remainder of the all-mile column from Pisarzowice in Lubań
  • The parish church of the Holy Trinity was first mentioned in 1320 and until 1810 was under the patronage of the Magdalene nuns. The previous building from the 15th century was demolished after a fire in 1879. As early as 1857 to 1861, a new building in the neo-Gothic style was built northeast of the previous church, designed by the architect Alexis Langer . The Munich architect Johann Marggraff supplied the furnishings in the same style . The painting of the main altar was done by the Prague painter Eduard von Engerth , the painting of the side altar by Wilhelm Hauschild from Munich.
  • The Protestant church originally served as a Catholic cemetery church. It was first mentioned in 1384 and was rebuilt after the destruction by the Hussites in 1452 and later rebuilt several times. The neo-Gothic interior is from 1887 to 1888. The main altar with the crucifixion and the pulpit were supplied by the Mayer'sche Hofkunstanstalt from Munich.
  • The Renaissance town hall was built from 1539 to 1544 and rebuilt after a fire by 1561. After several renovations and modernizations, it was partially destroyed in 1945 and reconstructed in the 1960s. It currently houses a regional museum.
  • A replica of the Kursächsische Postdistanzsäule from Görlitzer Tor , which was verifiable up to 1945, last at the district court, with the distance information changed to Prussian miles after 1815, decorates the market square today.
  • Remnants of the Kursächsische full-mile column from the street tavern in the district of Pisarzowice ( Ober-Schreibersdorf ), which last stood in the manor park of the town and was thrown into a pond after 1945, are currently stored in Lubań. The reconstruction and re-erection at the original location is planned.
  • In the building of the Latin school from 1591 (simple Renaissance facade, vault) a lyceum was established in 1864. Today it serves as a vocational school.
  • The Haus zum Schiff is a four-story merchant's house from 1715.
  • The cylindrical Brüderturm, a defense tower, was probably built around 1318 at the same time as the city wall, which has been partially preserved.

economy

From the 1920s to 1945 the largest employer in Lauban was the Gustav Winkler KG textile factory with around 3,000 employees, which exported to 70 countries and a. Produced work clothes and handkerchiefs. A locomotive repair shop founded in 1868 (only for electric locomotives since 1927) was rebuilt by the Polish State Railways after the war, but closed around 2000.

In Lubań, wet wipes and dry cellulose wipes for household and medical needs are manufactured today by the Imka factory, a subsidiary of the Schumacher Group from Melsungen .

Town twinning

  • Skjern (Denmark), since 1992
  • Kolín (Czech Republic), since 1997
  • Löbau (Germany), since 1998, also for Lusatian League was one
  • Prienai (Lithuania), since 1999
  • Kamenz (Germany), also belonged to the Upper Lusatian Six Cities Association

local community

Holzkirch Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

The rural community Lubań covers an area of ​​142 km² and has 6601 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019). The city of Lubań forms an independent urban municipality and is not part of the rural municipality.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities related to the city

literature

  • Dehio Handbook of Art Monuments in Poland: Silesia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109-X , pp. 553–557.
  • Waldemar Bena: Lubań wczoraj i dziś (Lauban yesterday and today). Urząd Miasta w Lubańiu, Lubań 2005.
  • Paul Berkel: Historia miasta Lubań (History of the City of Lauban). Typoscrift, Wrocław 1992, ISBN 83-85417-01-X . ( E-copy )
  • Karl Gottlob Dietmann: The whole of the unchanged Augsb. Confeßion dedicated priesthood in the Marggrafthum Oberlausitz . Lauban and Leipzig 1776, pp. 412-624 .
  • Tino Fröde: Privileges and Statutes of the Upper Lusatian Six Cities - A foray into the organization of urban life in Zittau, Bautzen, Görlitz, Löbau, Kamenz and Lauban in the early modern period. Oberlausitzer Verlag, Spitzkunnersdorf 2008. ISBN 978-3-933827-88-3 .
  • Klaus Christian Kasper: Lauban blows the world's nose. Bonn 2000.
  • Klaus Christian Kasper: The Reichsbahn repair shop Lauban i / Silesia. Bonn 1999.
  • Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of all villages, towns, cities and other places in the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia . Breslau 1830, pp. 955-957 .
  • Karl Gottlieb Müller: Church history of the city of Lauban from the middle of the tenth century until the third jubilee of the Reformation in 1817 . Görlitz 1818 ( e-copy ).
  • Edmund Piekorz: Lauban. Home in the picture. Self-published, Seyboldsdorf 1963.
  • Michael Platzer: Celebrations. A picture of Lauban before the destruction of 1945. Luban n.d.
  • Paul Skobel: The virgin monastery monastery of St. Mary Magdalene of the penance at Lauban in Silesia from 1320-1821 . Edited and supplemented to the present by Edmund Piekorz. Konrad Theiss, Aalen and Stuttgart 1970.
  • Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 553-557.

Web links

Commons : Lubań  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Lauban in the Topographia Superioris Saxoniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ www.oberlausitzer-woerterbuch.de
  3. ^ Gertraut Eva Schrage: The Upper Lusatia up to the year 1346. In: Joachim Bahlcke : History of Upper Lusatia. Leipziger Universitätsverlag 2001, ISBN 3-935693-46-X , p. 90 f.
  4. ↑ Dieter Berg (Ed.): Traces of Franciscan History. Chronological outline of the history of the Saxon Franciscan provinces from their beginnings to the present. Werl 1999, p. 67.107.303.
  5. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke : Lausitzen . In: Anton Schindling , Walter Ziegler (ed.): The territories of the empire in the age of the Reformation and confessionalization. Country and Confession 1500–1650 , Vol. 6: Supplements . Aschendorff, Münster 1996, ISBN 3-402-02977-4 , pp. 92–113, here p. 99.
  6. ↑ Hugo Weczerka (Ed.): Handbook of historical sites. Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 271f.
  7. ^ Roland Gehrke: Parliament and the public. Provincial parliamentarism in Silesia 1825–1845 . Böhlau, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-412-20413-6 , p. 39.
  8. ↑ a b Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p. 231 .
  9. ^ A b Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, p. 227 .
  10. ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of all villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia . Breslau 1830, pp. 955-957 .
  11. ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, along with the attached division of the country according to the districts of the three royal governments, the principalities and districts contained therein, with details of the area, the mean elevation above the sea, the inhabitants, buildings, the cattle herd, etc. 2nd edition, Breslau 1845, Pp. 852-853 .
  12. ^ W. Dieterici (Ed.): The statistical tables of the Prussian state after the official recording of the year 1843 . Nicolai, Berlin 1845, p. 215 .
  13. ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 260-261, item 1 .
  14. ^ A b c d Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. lauban.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).