Olszyna

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Olszyna
Olszyna coat of arms
Olszyna (Poland)
Olszyna
Olszyna
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lower Silesia
Powiat : Luban
Area : 20.26  km²
Geographic location : 51 ° 4 '  N , 15 ° 23'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 4 '0 "  N , 15 ° 23' 20"  E
Residents : 4348
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 59-830
Telephone code : (+48) 75
License plate : DLB
Economy and Transport
Street : DK30 Lubań - Gryfów Śląski
Next international airport : Wroclaw
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 9 school offices
Surface: 47.16 km²
Residents: 6504
(June 30, 2019)
Population density : 138 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 0210053
Administration (as of 2008)
Mayor : Leszek Leśko
Address: Wolności 6
59-830 Olszyna
Website : www.olszyna.pl



Olszyna ( German : Mittel Langenöls and colloquially Langenöls , 1937-1945 municipality Langenöls ) is a town in the powiat Lubański in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland . It is located southeast of the city of Lubań and is the seat of the urban and rural municipality of the same name . On January 1, 2005, Olszyna received city ​​rights .

history

The first settlements by Germans probably took place around the middle of the 13th century. It is not known whether any Slavic settlement near the present day settlement was older. The area was densely forested; the first clearing was carried out for a farm belonging to the Lords of Uechtritz , the Eichhof. The village subsequently developed around this courtyard. Around 1300 the area was about 2500 hectares.

"Olsna" was first mentioned in 1254. At that time it belonged to the Duchy of Liegnitz and when it was divided in 1274 it came to the Duchy of Jauer . A church is documented for the year 1314. In 1319, the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg and Duke Heinrich I von Jauer in "Olsna" signed an agreement on territorial affiliation. Bohemia received the Mark Bautzen , Duke Heinrich II. East Upper Lusatia with the Queiskreis .

After the childless death of Duke Bolko II , Langenöls, together with the Duchy of Schweidnitz-Jauer, fell under inheritance law to the Crown of Bohemia , with the Dowager Duchess Agnes von Habsburg having a lifelong usufruct . Only after her death in 1392 could the Bohemian King Wenceslaus , who was a son of Bolkos II's niece Anna von Schweidnitz , inherit the now Bohemian hereditary principality Schweidnitz-Jauer.

In 1368 there was evidence of linen weaving and an extensive linen trade, making Langenöls one of the oldest industrial villages in Silesia.

During the Hussite Wars , Langenöls was destroyed in 1426 and 1431 and the population decimated. In 1523 the congregation joined the Protestant faith. Destruction and population loss also occurred in the Thirty Years' War . In 1629 both the effects of the fighting and the plague claimed a particularly large number of victims. As of 1654, as a result of the re-Catholicization, the Protestant community was no longer able to hold services in their church, and from 1666 school lessons were also prohibited. In 1707, the Altranstadt Treaty provided the first remedy, but it was not until the transition to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742 that an evangelical school and church were built under Friedrich II (Prussia) .

In 1746 the Uechtritz family left Langenöls; several changes of ownership of the large estates followed.

At the end of the Second World War , fighting also took place in the immediate vicinity of the place. On February 13, 1945 old people, women and children were evacuated. Langenöls fell to the People's Republic of Poland in 1945 and was renamed Olszyna . The more than 3,100 German residents were forcibly evacuated in June 1946.

economy

The place was originally characterized by agriculture and developed around the farms of Eichgut, Mittelgut, Niedergut and Obergut of the Lords of Uechtritz and the castle estate built between 1700 and 1705. Langenöls is also one of the oldest weaving villages in Silesia. A first reference to line weaving comes from the year 1368. In the time of industrialization, handkerchiefs were still produced in Langenöls.

After the discovery of brown coal fields, the Heinrichsgrube was opened in 1846 and a briquette factory in 1867. In 1872 the mine produced half a million tons with 250 employees. In 1881 18 million briquettes were made. However, lignite mining had to be abandoned in 1886 due to exhaustion of the seams .

With the connection to the railway network on the Görlitz - Greifenberg - Hirschberg line in 1866, there was a significant increase in industrialization. Other branches of industry were brickworks and a furnace (tile) factory, in which the red clay from the area was processed. The furniture factories Robert Ruscheweyh and August Hainke worked very successfully from the second half of the 19th century . In 1927 they employed approx. 1250 employees.

Since 1858 Langenöls was connected to a telegraph line; in the 1920s the telephone network was switched to dial-up service.

Attractions

The parish church of St. Joseph was built in 1897 as a Protestant church on the site of a previous building from 1743. The baroque main altar dates from the 18th century, the neo-Gothic interior from the 19th and 20th centuries. Century. Since 1946 the church has served as a Catholic place of worship.

The Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross , first mentioned in 1314, was rebuilt in the first half of the 16th century and expanded from 1709–1711. The floral paintings on the flat ceiling date from 1614. The main altar in the style of the late Baroque was built in the 18th and 19th centuries . Century created.

The two-storey Langenöls Castle was built around 1860 by the Ackermann family in the neo-renaissance style.

The manor house (formerly Eichgut ) was built in 1794 for the von Schmettow family and modernized at the beginning of the 20th century.

The former residence for farm servants in Ober Langenöls ( Olszyna Górna ) was built after 1869 on the site of a hunting lodge of Count von Schmettow and in 19/20. It was converted into a farm yard in the 19th century. It served as a tourist hostel until 1945.

The castle in Nieder Langenöls ( Olszyna Dolna ) was originally a manor house from the 17th century. It was expanded from 1830 to 1845 for Count de Pourtalès into a palace in the style of late classicism . In the 1880s, it was rebuilt in the neo-renaissance style.

local community

In addition to the city of Olszyna, the urban and rural community has nine other districts ( German names until 1945 ) with a Schulzenamt:

  • Biedrzychowice ( Friedersdorf )
  • Bożkowice ( Eckersdorf )
  • Grodnica ( Gieshübel )
  • Kałużna ( Steinbach )
  • Karłowice ( New Warnsdorf )
  • Krzewie Małe ( Small Stony )
  • Nowa Świdnica ( New Schweinitz )
  • Olszyna Dolna ( Lower Langenöls )
  • Zapusta ( Vogelsdorf )

Partner communities

Sponsorship

40 years home meeting Langenöls (1986)

Sons of the place

literature

Web links

Commons : Olszyna  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Sołectwa i Sołtysi Gminy Olszyna  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bip.olszyna.nv.pl  
  3. ↑ The Genealogical Place Directory