Heinrich I. (Schweidnitz)

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Heinrich I. von Jauer (Polish Henryk I. Jaworski ; Czech Jindřich I. Javorský ), lord of Fürstenberg and Jauer (* around 1294; † May 15, 1346 ) was Duke of Jauer from 1312 to 1346 .

Origin and family

Tomb of Henry I and his wife Agnes in Löwenberg

Heinrich came from the Silesian Piast family . His parents were Duke Bolko I of Schweidnitz and Beatrix († 1316), daughter of Margrave Otto V of Brandenburg . Heinrich's siblings were:

  • Bernhard II. († 1326)
  • Bolko II († 1341)
  • Judith / Jutta († 1320), married to Stephan I. von Niederbayern
  • Elisabeth († after 1341), married to Duke Wratislaw IV of Pomerania
  • Anna († 1332/34), abbess in Strehlen

In 1316 Heinrich married the Przemyslidin Agnes (* 1305, † 1337), a daughter of the Bohemian King Wenceslaus II and Elisabeth Richza of Poland . Agnes was a stepsister of Elisabeth who was married to Johann von Luxemburg , who became Heinrich's brother-in-law through the marriage. Agnes brought the Königgrätz pledge and Tzschocha Castle as a dowry into the marriage.

Life

youth

After the death of their father Bolko I in 1301, Heinrich and his siblings were still minors. Therefore they were initially under the guardianship of their uncle Hermann von Brandenburg , who entrusted this task to his captain Hermann von Barby ( barboy ). After attaining the age of majority, from 1308 the eldest brother Bernhard also ruled for his younger brothers.

Duchy of Jauer

Heinrich came of age in 1312 and received Jauer, which again became an independent duchy. The cities of Bunzlau , Hirschberg , Schönau and Löwenberg , to which he granted the privilege of the salt market and the right to mint for Heller, belonged to his domain .

Territories in Lower and Upper Lusatia

After 1319 he made claims to areas in the eastern Lower and Upper Lusatia , which he owned through his mother after the Ascanians died out . In Upper Lusatia, Heinrich only got to the Land of Görlitz (which consisted of the soft formations Görlitz , Lauban and the Queiskreis ) as well as to the city and country of Zittau (with the castles Oybin and Rohnau ), since his brother-in-law Johann had taken possession of the remaining Mark Bautzen . In Lower Lusatia he came into the possession of Sorau , Triebel , Senftenberg and Priebus . In 1320 he founded a monastery of the Magdalenese in Lauban . In 1325 Johann, King of Bohemia from Luxembourg, took his acquisitions from Ludwig the Bavarian as a fief. He was now able to present this controversial appropriation of Brandenburg territory with great confidence, since after his active support of the Roman-German king in the battle of Mühldorf he was on good terms with the Wittelsbacher.

While he had to cede Görlitz, for which he received the lifelong usufruct of Trautenau in return, to the Bohemian King Johann again in 1329, whom he had recognized as his liege lord at the time, he kept the town and country of Zittau as pledge until 1337. With a treaty of 1337 Heinrich undertook to defend Bohemia against every enemy. At the same time, if he did not have any descendants of his own, he undertook to transfer his remaining Lusatian property to Johann in a will. In return, Heinrich received the usufruct for Glogau and Kanth .

After his death

After Heinrich's heirless death in 1346, his nephew Bolko II received the Duchy of Jauer, according to an agreement of 1345. The remaining areas in Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, fell back to the Crown of Bohemia as a settled fiefdom .

literature

Web links

Commons : Heinrich I. von Schweidnitz and Jauer  - collection of pictures

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genealogy
  2. ↑ Joachim Bahlcke : The Upper Lusatia. Historical space, national awareness and historiography from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. In: Joachim Bahlcke: (Ed.): History of Upper Lusatia. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2001, ISBN 3-935693-46-X , pp. 11–54, here p. 12.
  3. ^ Gertraut Eva Schrage: The Upper Lusatia up to the year 1346. In: Joachim Bahlcke: History of Upper Lusatia. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2001, ISBN 3-935693-46-X , pp. 55–98, here pp. 90 f.
  4. ↑ Hugo Weczerka (Ed.): Handbook of historical sites. Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition. Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , S. XVII, 424.
personal data
SURNAME Heinrich I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heinrich I. von Schweidnitz-Jauer; Heinrich I. von Schweidnitz; Herr von Fürstenberg and Jauer
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Schweidnitz
DATE OF BIRTH around 1294
DATE OF DEATH between March 6, 1346 and May 15, 1346