Großschönau (Saxony)
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Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ' N , 14 ° 40' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony | |
| County : | Goerlitz | |
| Management Community : | Großschönau-Hainewalde | |
| Height : | 350 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 23.82 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 5363 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 225 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 02779, 02799 (Waltersdorf) |
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| Area code : | 035841 | |
| License plate : | GR, LÖB, NOL, NY, WSW, ZI | |
| Community key : | 14 6 26 140 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Hauptstrasse 54 02779 Großschönau |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Frank Peuker (independent) | |
| Location of the community Großschönau in the district of Görlitz | ||
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(Upper Lusatian: ) is a Saxoncommunityin thedistrict of Görlitzon theGerman-Czech border. It is the administrative seat of theGroßschönau-Hainewalde administrative association. The name is derived from the founding of the place, Großschönau lies in a floodplain on theMandau.
geography
The community lies in the valley of the Mandau , into which the Lausur and the Pochebach flow here. The local mountain is 371.5 m above sea level. NN high Hutberg . The Finkenhübel rises to the west .
history
Großschönau was probably created as a Waldhufendorf by Franconian settlers in the 12th century . The Neuschönau district consists of individual rows of houses. The first written mention of Großschönau as "Magnum Sonow" comes from the year 1352. The part of the place name "Schönau" means "beautiful floodplain" and refers to the location of the place, the addition "Groß-" served to distinguish the ten kilometers to the east located village Sieniawka , which belonged to Germany until 1945 and whose German name is Kleinschönau . In 1430 Großschönau owned a knight's seat under the landlord Peter von Maxen , an opponent of the Hussites , and in 1564 a manor .
From 1587 on, Großschönau was under the Zittau council as landlord for more than 250 years . In 1666 he sent the brothers Friedrich and Christoph Lange, two local linen weavers, to Holland to learn the art of damask weaving . Just a few decades later, the linen damask from Großschönau was known far beyond the country's borders. European mansions therefore preferred to source their table linen from Großschönau.
In 1834, the jacquard technique simplified damask weaving, which had been very laborious until then . As early as 1856, the Großschönau manufacturer Carl Heinrich Schiffner set up the first terry loom in Germany. Since then, Großschönau has developed into an industrial town with high-performance terry cloth weaving mills such as Lieske & Häbler, Richter & Goldberg and CG Hänsch. Today the companies Frottana-Textil GmbH and Damino GmbH continue the long-standing textile industry in Großschönau.
Development into a textile village
Großschönau is more closely connected to the textile history of damask and terry cloth weaving than almost any other municipality in Germany. That is why the place has had the marketing name “Textildorf Großschönau” for some time. The townscape of Großschönau is strongly influenced by this: the many small and large half-timbered houses , which were mostly weavers' houses, as well as the many mansions of the manufacturers, which is unusual for a village, are striking .
In the Damask and Terrycloth Museum, visitors are guided into the tradition of damask weaving, which dates back to 1666. Großschönau can also look back on Germany's longest tradition of terry toweling. In 1856 Germany's first terry hand loom was put into operation here. The last functioning loom for this type of fabric is one of the special rarities of the German Damask and Terrycloth Museum, as is a functioning damask loom from 1835.
The textile industry continues to shape the economic structure of the municipality, but the character of the municipality is changing. Around 1834, the damask factory fed around 3800 people, which at the time made up three quarters of the population.
Visitors and residents of the community can experience the topic of textiles:
- German Damask and Terrycloth Museum
- Show workshop of the German Damask and Terrycloth Museum
- regular factory tours of Frottana Textil GmbH & Co.KG.
- Factory sales of Damino GmbH and Frottana Textil GmbH & Co. KG
- regular guided tours along the textile path
- regular guided tours through the textile village Großschönau
- Regular guided tours through the recreation village Waltersdorf along the Umbindehaus monument trail
Textile path
The textile path should connect historical and current places and areas of the textile industry Großschönau in the form of knowledge stations. Since the textile industry connected different social classes and areas of life of the inhabitants, it is possible to illuminate very different facets with the “textile path”.
Technical textiles in the textile village
Inflatable boats, life jackets, life rafts and camping tents were manufactured in Großschönau for over 70 years. The German inflatable boat factory Hans Scheibert , which has existed in Berlin since 1931 , manufactured a. a. for the German Wehrmacht rubber boats and inflatable life rafts. In 1940 the company's war production was relocated to factories in Saxony and Silesia. Inflatable boat factories were built in Großschönau and Grottau.
The company CG Hänsch, founded in Großschönau in 1832, was one of the largest and most traditional textile factories in the town. In 1942 this company was ordered by order to provide the German rubber boat factory with premises and staff for the manufacture of armaments. In addition to the local staff, forced laborers and, in some cases, prisoners of war were employed.
Due to arms production, three fifths of the property and the buildings of the CG Hänsch company were expropriated in 1946. In 1958 the company had to take state participation and was completely nationalized in the GDR in 1972. The nationally owned company, Weaving Twist, was created with affiliation to the VEB Frottana. It was shut down in 1990.
After the rubber dinghy production in Großschönau was discontinued for military purposes, production began to move towards manufacturing. Life jackets, shaft suits for the SDAG-Bismut, coats and combinations for the People's Police, and combat suits for the People's Navy were made from rubberized materials for the maritime sector. After the war, utensils were manufactured with relatively few resources. For this, residual materials were used that were still available from the former production. In addition, numerous variants of camping tents could be offered to the population. Tents from Upper Lusatia were popular and could be exported to many countries.
The successor to the German rubber boat factory continued to produce rubber boats, life rafts, life jackets, tents and inflatable hangars under different company names such as VEB Sächsische Wetterschutzbekleidung, VEB Sportboot and as Plant 5 of VEB Textile and Finishing Company Neugersdorf. Technical textiles were used as the material for this . These have been developed very much based on functionality. They are used in the manufacture of rescue equipment, tents and sports equipment. They are also used in construction, medicine and space travel.
After the reunification of Germany, some employees tried to re-privatize the company. In 1990 the company Seetex GmbH Großschönau was founded. Then in 1991 the German inflatable boat factory "Hans Scheibert" Eschershausen took over the Großschönau company as Plant 2 from the Treuhand. A small department, which emerged from the research group for the manufacture of the Scientific and Technical Center for Technical Textiles Dresden, developed various life raft series until 2000. According to the latest international requirements, these were also self-righting and reversible life rafts.
The first German large-capacity rafts with a rescue capacity of 100 to 150 people were developed and manufactured in Großschönau. The prototypes were mostly tested in the forest lido.
In 2001 the German inflatable boat factory was sold to Wardle Storys (Safety and Survival Equipment) Ltd. sold in the UK . The company's name was changed to DSB Deutsche Gummiboot GmbH & Co. KG.
From 2005 to 2008 the Großschönau plant manufactured the raft bodies for the aviation production of the English company RFD. Although there were numerous orders for the production of inflatable life rafts for shipping and aviation, the Großschönau plant was closed by the Northern Irish management in 2008 and large parts of the production were outsourced to China and Northern Ireland. The entire workforce became unemployed.
Place name forms
- Großschönau: 1352: Magnum Sonow, 1358: Magna Sonaw, 1360: Maior Schonow, 1384: Schonow magnum, 1430: Grozen Schone, 1430: Gross Schonaw, 1515: Grossen Schone, 1576: Groschinaw, 1791: Groß-Schönau
- Neuschönau: 1875: Neuschönau village
Administrative affiliation
- Großschönau: 1777: Görlitzer Kreis, 1843: Regional Court District Löbau, 1856: Großschönau Court Office, 1875: District Authority Zittau, 1952: District Zittau , 1994: District Löbau-Zittau , 2008: District Görlitz
Incorporations
In 1867 Neuschönau was integrated into the community of Großschönau. On January 1, 2003, the resort town of Waltersdorf was incorporated into Großschönau.
Population development
.svg)
| year | Residents | |
|---|---|---|
| Neuschönau | Großschönau | |
| 1777 | 48 Häusler , 11 desert economies |
35 possessed men , 32 gardeners , 362 cottagers , 14 barren farms |
| 1834 | 543 | 4479 |
| 1871 | incorporated into Großschönau in 1867 |
5715 |
| 1880 | - | 5877 |
| 1890 | - | 6328 |
| 1905 | - | 7500 |
| 1910 | - | 7806 |
| 1925 | - | 7348 |
| 1939 | - | 7093 |
| 1946 | - | 8299 |
| 1950 | - | 8471 |
| 1964 | - | 8088 |
| 1990 | - | 6371 |
| 2000 | - | 5707 |
| 2007 | - | 6310 |
| 2010 | - | 6035 |
| 2012 | - | 5804 |
| 2013 | - | 5767 |
| 2014 | - | 5714 |
| 2015 | - | 5589 |
| 2016 | - | 5525 |
| 2017 | - | 5465 |
politics
City council and mayor
In the local elections on May 26, 2019, the 16 seats of the municipal council were distributed among the individual parties and lists as follows:
| CDU | SPD | FW | left | AfD |
| 6 seats | 6 seats | 2 seats | 1 seat | 1 seat |
The mayor is an additional member of the municipal council and its chairman. This is Frank Peuker's second term since August 1, 2008, who was confirmed in office for a further seven years in June 2015.
Partner communities
Local division
- Großschönau with Neuschönau, which was incorporated in 1867
- Waltersdorf with Herrenwalde , Pilzdörfel and Saalendorf
On January 1, 2003, the community Großschönau and the former community Waltersdorf formed a unified community.
coat of arms
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| Justification for the coat of arms: The wall in the lower part is taken from the coat of arms of Bautzen and indicates the affiliation of the coat of arms of Upper Lusatia . A stylized representation of the eavesdropping rises above the wall . At 793 m, it is the highest point in the Zittau Mountains. The district of Waltersdorf is located directly at the foot of the Lausche. The two crossing shuttles symbolize the weaving mill as the determining branch of industry for Großschönau. |
Culture and sights
Buildings
- Along the Mandau are many of the regionally typical half-timbered houses , which form the largest intact ensemble of this type in Upper Lusatia. The entire townscape is characterized by over 650 half-timbered houses.
- Villa, today the seat of the municipal administration
- The building was originally built in 1823 as a classicist house for the company owner Johann Gottfried Haebler. The building was given its villa-like character through remodeling work in the years 1880 and 1905 to 1910 in splendid and spacious forms of the Neo-Renaissance .
- In the "Kupferhaus", a residential and commercial building built from 1807 to 1809 by the damask manufacturer Christian David Waentig, the German Damask and Terrycloth Museum is now located.
- The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Großschönau was built between 1703 and 1705. With three galleries it offers space for 2,000 churchgoers. This makes it the second largest village church in Saxony. The lower gallery is adorned with artistic grisaille paintings by the Großschönau draftsman David Christian Berndt. The greatest treasure is the altarpiece "Christ's Resurrection" painted by Johann Eleazar Zeissig (called Schenau) in 1787.
- The church in the resort town of Waltersdorf was built as a wooden church as early as 1366. Due to the growing number of residents, this church was no longer sufficient and after various renovations, the foundation stone for the current church was laid in 1713. From 1726 to 1729 the church tower was built with a height of 42 meters. The famous Tamitius organ from 1766 can still be heard at church services and concerts today. The Zittau organ builder was a student of Silbermann. The gallery pictures in grisaille painting from the heyday of damask weaving have been preserved. The altar dates from 1700, the altarpiece from 1892.
Museums
- German Damask and Terrycloth Museum in Großschönau
- Motorcycle veterans and technology museum in Großschönau
- Folklore and mill museum in the resort town of Waltersdorf
Other destinations
- Nature Park House Zittauer Gebirge in the resort town of Waltersdorf with adventure exhibition, tourist information, coffee roastery and nature park garden
- Listen in the resort part of Waltersdorf at 793 m above sea level. NN the highest peak of the Lusatian Mountains
- Trixi Ferienpark Großschönau with historic forest lido and swimming pool with tube slide, flow channel, brine pool, wellness center, holiday village and camping site
- Hutberg ( 371.5 m above sea level ) with a view of the Zittau Mountains (Lausche). In spring 2010, a new panorama plate was inaugurated.
- Adventure climbing forest with 7 courses
- Show workshop of "Siemsechtsch A"
Regular events
- the annual Greetings Schinner Schiss'n is a folk festival comparable to the Jacobimarkt in Neugersdorf . The tradition of what was once the second largest festival after Gierschdurfer Schiss'n goes back to 1844.
- Solstice celebrations on the Hutberg and at the Zittauer Gebirge park house
- Advent concert with the Big Band in the Zittauer Gebirge park house
- "Kinderland" - indoor game experiences in the Zittauer Gebirge park house
Economy and Infrastructure
Resident companies (selection)
- Damino GmbH: Manufacture of textile goods, approx. 140 employees (2014)
- Frottana-Textil GmbH & Co. KG: Manufacture of textile goods, approx. 240 employees (2014)
- Nursing service Sabine Glathe: Outpatient care for the elderly and sick, approx. 60 employees (2018)
Road traffic
Großschönau is located southwest of the B 96 and B 178 as well as on state roads 135 , 136 , 137 and 138 . There is a border crossing for cars and buses to neighboring Varnsdorf in the Czech Republic. In the Herrenwalde district there is a continuously paved road to Dolní Podluží (Niedergrund). This transition can be used by tourists for cyclists and hikers. The tourist crossing Waltersdorf - Dolní Světlá (Nieder Lichtenwalde) is also not intended to be open to cars due to its location in the LSG Zittauer Gebirge / CHKO Lausitzer Gebirge and on the Lauschemoor.
Bus transport
Several regional bus routes operated by the Dreiländereck motor vehicle service run through Großschönau . The districts of Waltersdorf and Saalendorf are also connected to the public transport network.
railroad
Großschönau has a train station on the Zittau – Varnsdorf – Eibau railway line , which runs between Großschönau and Seifhennersdorf through Varnsdorf in the Czech Republic . By December 2010, the route for passenger with through trains from was Liberec about Zittau to Seifhennersdorf by Mandaubahn served. The originally cross-border connection to Eibau was discontinued in December 2006. Since December 2010, the Länderbahn has taken over the traffic on this connection, which crosses the state border between Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland several times, under the brand name Trilex . On the Liberec – Zittau – Großschönau – Varnsdorf section, trains run every hour. Motor coaches of the Desiro series are used, which are manned by bilingual train attendants.
Flood event
On August 7, 2010 there was also a flood disaster in Großschönau. The streams of Mandau , Lausur and Pochebach flowing through the village filled up within a few hours due to heavy rainfall (around 130 liters / m²) and overflowed their banks in the afternoon. Many people had to be rescued from the floods and some of them have lost their houses and their belongings.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Johann Eleazar Zeissig (called "Schenau", 1737–1806), painter
- Ernst Friedrich Richter (1808–1879), Thomaskantor and professor in Leipzig
- Gustav Fährmann (1835–1913), member of the Reichstag and Landtag
- Hermann Wenzel (1863–1944), composer
- Käthe Dorn (1866–?), Writer
- Alwin Brandes (1866–1949), SPD politician, member of the Reichstag
- Hermann Linke (1866–1925), SPD politician, trade unionist, member of the Saxon state parliament
- Joachim Liebscher (1926–1994), sculptor
- Peter Herrmann (* 1937), painter
- Helga Böhnisch (1945–2014), politician (most recently Die Linke)
- Werner Müller (* 1949), mathematician
- Monika Schulz-Höpfner (* 1955), CDU politician, 1994–2014 MdL Brandenburg
literature
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Grossschönau. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 29. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Zittau (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1906, p. 17.
- August Kahlert: Contemporary and local history of Großschönau. Czischkowsky, Großschönau 1887. (digitized version )
- Falk Lorenz: From villa to Volkspark. Volkspark Großschönau. In: Ernst Panse (ed.): Park guide through Upper Lusatia . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 1999, ISBN 3-929091-56-9 , pp. 211-214.
- Friedrich Theodor Richter: Historical-statistical representation of the Damascus manufacturing locations Groß- and Neu-Schönau in the Königl. Saxon. Upper Lusatia. Klinkardt, Leipzig 1837. (digitized version )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).
- ^ Upper Lusatian dictionary: Letter G. Accessed on March 22, 2013 .
- ^ Jan Meškank : The place names of Upper Lusatia. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1981, p. 49.
- ^ Walter Heinich : Spremberg - attempt to a local history of the parish village Spremberg in the Saxon Upper Lusatia . Spremberg u. Schirgiswalde 1918.
- ↑ textile village Großschönau - textile village Großschönau. In: www.grossschoenau.de. Retrieved December 25, 2016 .
- ↑ Home. In: www.grossschoenau.de. Retrieved December 25, 2016 .
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
- ^ Neuschönau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Großschönau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Address book of the Zittau public administration, 1880. (digitized version)
- ^ Address and information book for Großschönau i. S., 1905. (digitized version)
- ↑ December 31, information provided by the municipality on their website
- ↑ Municipal council elections 2019. State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , accessed on August 27, 2019 .
- ↑ https://www.grossschoenau.de/de/Unsere-Gemeinde/
- ↑ a b Großschönau advertises with a unique textile history. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. October 1, 2014 (lr-online.de)
Web links
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