Varnsdorf

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Varnsdorf
Varnsdorf coat of arms
Varnsdorf (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Děčín
Area : 2616.9134 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 55 '  N , 14 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 54 '48 "  N , 14 ° 37' 8"  E
Height: 332  m nm
Residents : 15,297 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 407 47
License plate : U
traffic
Railway connection: Mittelherwigsdorf – Eibau
Rybniště – Varnsdorf
structure
Status: city
Districts: 3
administration
Mayor : Roland Solloch (as of 2020)
Address: nám. E. Beneše 470
407 47 Varnsdorf
Municipality number: 562882
Website : www.varnsdorf.cz
Location of Varnsdorf in the Děčín district
map

Varnsdorf (German Warnsdorf ) is a town in the north of the Czech Republic in the Děčín district , Ústecký kraj .

geography

Geographical location

Varnsdorf and the surrounding area

The city is 350 m above sea level in the Bohemian Netherlands on the Mandau between Seifhennersdorf and Großschönau . The city can also be assigned to the Schluckenauer Zipfel . To the north the Spitzberg (539 m) rises with a rewarding view. Varnsdorf borders Saxony in the north, east and south-east .

Community structure

The town of Varnsdorf consists of the districts Studánka (Schönborn) , Světliny 1.díl (Lichtenhain - Schönborn part) and Varnsdorf (Warnsdorf) . Basic settlement units are Gerhus, Hraniční Buk ( near the border beech ) , Pěnkavčí vrch ( Finkendorf ), Pod Hrádkem, Pod nádražím, Pod Špičákem, Střed I, Střed II, Střed III, Studánka, Uicadčelnák, Uicadčelnák hran, Světliny div , U hřbitova, U kostela bez věže, U koupaliště, U lomu, U Mandavy, U Mělníka, U nemocnice, U Podluží (snail village ) , U polikliniky, U skály and Varnsdorf-u kostela.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Studánka u Rumburku and Varnsdorf.

Neighboring places

Rumburk (Rumburg) Seifhennersdorf Leutersdorf
Krásná Lípa (Schönlinde) Neighboring communities Hainewalde , Großschönau
Rybniště (pond place) Horní Podluží (Upper Ground), Dolní Podluží (Lower Ground)

history

Aerial view of the market square and church in Varnsdorf
GA Fröhlich's Sohn weaving and printing factory (around 1870)
Anton Worm steam dyeing plant
Old Catholic Church Varnsdorf
Church of Peter and Paul
Borromeo Church
Protestant church

The village of Warnsdorf is first mentioned in 1352. The historian Bohuslav Balbín called the place Wernardivilla . The knight dynasty originally residing here were the von Warnsdorf family . Among the local families who settled here in the 16th and 17th centuries were the Nostitz . During the Counter Reformation , many residents left their homesteads and properties and emigrated to Saxony . During the Thirty Years War Warnsdorf was sacked by Swedish troops in the Easter week of 1643 . From 1871 Warnsdorf was a political center of the Old Catholic reform movement against ultramontanism , whose organ, the weekly magazine 'Abwehr', appeared here until 1938.

In the 18th century developed in Varnsdorf, as well as in the neighboring Lusatia the weaving . There were other places in the area:

  • 1689 New Warnsdorf
  • 1700 Floriansdorf
  • 1727 Karlsdorf
  • 1783 Alt Franzenthal
  • 1800 New Franzenthal

In 1849, these villages united with Alt Warnsdorf to form the largest village in the Austrian Empire with 13,000 inhabitants . In the same year, the patrimonial jurisdiction in Warnsdorf, which had previously been carried out by the Goldberg family for about 200 years over seven generations, ended. In the following years, members of the Goldberg family held the office of mayor from 1872 to 1897 and from 1905 to 1914. As a result, they had a lasting impact on the history of Warnsdorf. Today the family is organized in a family association and maintains a genealogical database for Warnsdorf. Warnsdorf was in the judicial district of Warnsdorf and was the seat of a district court from 1850 and of the district authority from 1908.

As early as 1839, the manufacturer Anton Runge († December 31, 1843), owner of the linen, cotton and printed goods factory Anton Runge & Co., suggested the construction of a trade and business school and donated part of the construction costs for this; the new school building was inaugurated in 1844 and teaching began in 1845.

In 1868 Warnsdorf, which had now grown to 15,000 inhabitants and was also known as Little Manchester , received city rights. Around 1900 Warnsdorf was an important location for the textile industry. In 1914 there were around 30,000 inhabitants in Warnsdorf. The best known company was the Kunert-Strumpfwerke .

According to the tolerance patent of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II from 1781, Warnsdorf, next to Reichenberg, became the center of the Old Catholic Church in Bohemia . Today the co- cathedral of the Czech Old Catholic Church is located here .

After the First World War , the Treaty of Saint-Germain was dictated to Austria-Hungary . The right of self-determination of the German-speaking population in the Sudetenland ( German Bohemians and German Moravians ), who founded the independent provinces of German Bohemia and Sudetenland in October 1918 , was not taken into account, and the city was added to the newly founded Czechoslovakia .

The subsequent inflation of the monetary currency in the neighboring German Reich (1923) and the global economic crisis of 1929 to 1932 resulted in high unemployment and poverty in Warnsdorf. Smuggling across the nearby border into Saxony became a livelihood for many residents. According to the 1930 census, the city had 22,621 inhabitants (19,963 Germans = 88%, 1,617 Czechs = 7%, 988 foreigners = 4% and 53 others).

After the Munich Agreement warning village belonged from 1938 to 1945 for county Warnsdorf , Region of Usti nad Labem , in the Reich District of Sudetenland the German Reich .

Before the Second World War, Konrad Henlein's Sudeten German party was very popular in Warnsdorf . When Henlein spoke in Warnsdorf in 1938, an audience of 12,000 came and the right to stand was proclaimed. In 1939 the city had a population of 21,000.

After the Second World War , the German-speaking population was expelled from Warnsdorf , their property was confiscated with reference to the Beneš Decree 108 , the property of the Evangelical Church was liquidated and the Catholic city churches were expropriated during the communist era . The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.

Between 1946 and 1949 the first Sorbian high school was housed in Varnsdorf . After the Communist Party came to power in Czechoslovakia in 1948, this was concluded in agreement with the Soviet Zone authorities and from then on the students were taught in Bautzen . However, a few dozen Sorbs stayed in Varnsdorf and did not return to Lusatia. On May 22, 1947, 15,661 residents were counted in the city.

Studánka and Světliny 1. díl ( Lichtenhain ) were incorporated in 1980.

Today, a large group of Roma lives in Varnsdorf , the proportion of which is growing compared to the rest of the population. There were repeated conflicts.

Demographics

Until 1945 Warnsdorf was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1820 02,546 in 385 houses
1830 03,328 in 427 houses
1843 04.137 in 463 houses
1850 09,670
1857 11,977 on October 31st
1869 13,180
1880 15,162
1890 18,268
1900 21,150 German residents
1930 22,621 thereof 19,953 Germans and 1,617 Czechs
1939 21,179 1,593 Protestants, 14,644 Catholics, 3,862 other Christians and eleven Jews
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1970 1980 1991 2001 2003
Residents 14 512 16 356 16 266 16 040 15 895

traffic

The city is located on the Zittau –Großschönau – Seifhennersdorf– Eibau railway line and has two border crossings to the Saxon country town of Seifhennersdorf (Zollstrasse) and the community of Großschönau (Hauptstrasse), as well as another tourist crossing to Seifhennersdorf (Warnsdorfer Strasse).

Varnsdorf station is on the route from Rybniště and the Mittelherwigsdorf – Varnsdorf – Eibau line . There are also the stops Varnsdorf staré nádraží and Varnsdorf pivovar Kocour on the latter connection.

Culture and sights

museum
Excursion restaurant on the Hrádek

Buildings

Varnsdorf has a number of cultural monuments. The first complete performance of Ludwig van Beethoven's Missa solemnis took place on June 29, 1830 in the church of St. Peter and Paul, newly built on the market square in 1774 . In 1872 the first Old Catholic parish in Austria-Hungary was founded here.

The Borromeo Church from 1911 is a curiosity . It is better known as the church without a tower , as the tower had to be demolished due to lack of money.

On the 429 m high castle hill (Hrádek) on the border near Seifhennersdorf , the architect Möller built the castle mountain watch , a luxurious excursion restaurant, on behalf of and at the expense of the mountain association for northern Bohemia . This striking object on the local mountain of Varnsdorf and Seifhennersdorf fell into disrepair after 1945. In the last few years, a cross-border association has carried out a renovation of the building, which has fallen into ruin, and a large part of it has already been restored.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

People associated with the place

  • Ambros Opitz (1846–1907), theologian and publisher, lived and died here
  • Bjarnat Krawc (1861–1948) Sorbian composer and conductor, lived in Varnsdorf from 1945.
  • Peter Weiss (1916–1982), writer, painter and experimental filmmaker, lived in Varnsdorf from 1936 to 1937.

literature

  • Detlef Brandes : The way to expulsion 1938-1945. Plans and decisions to “transfer” Germans from Czechoslovakia and Poland. Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-486-56731-4 .
  • Alois Palme : Warnsdorf and its historical monuments from its foundation to the year 1850 . Rumburg 1852 ( e-copy ).
  • Karl Hellmich: Address book and geographical-statistical description of the industrial place Warnsdorf in 1864/65, consisting of the localities: Alt- and Neu-Warnsdorf, Floriansdorf, Karlsdorf, Alt- and Neu-Franzensthal according to the geographical location in 6 districts . Warnsdorf 1866 ( e-copy ).

Web links

Commons : Varnsdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Obec Varnsdorf: Podrobné informace. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved September 2, 2014 (Czech).
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ Části obcí. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved September 2, 2014 (Czech).
  4. ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved September 2, 2014 (Czech).
  5. ↑ Katastrální území. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved September 2, 2014 (Czech).
  6. ↑ Alois Palme : Warnsdorf and its historical monuments from its foundation to 1850 . Rumburg 1852, p. 37 ff.
  7. ↑ Alois Palme: Warnsdorf and its historical monuments from its foundation to 1850 . Rumburg 1852, pp. 216-221 .
  8. ↑ Defense. Organ for the Old Catholic Reform Movement . Warnsdorf, No. 607 of June 9, 1877
  9. ↑ Alois Palme: Warnsdorf and its historical monuments from its foundation to 1850 . Rumburg 1852, p. 170 .
  10. ↑ death . In: Bohemia . 1897, p. 2 ( nkp.cz ).
  11. ^ Christian Halama: Old Catholics in Austria . Ed .: Böhlau-Verlag. 2004, ISBN 3-205-77224-5 , pp. 401 .
  12. ^ Goldberg'scher Familienverband e. V. June 2, 2019, accessed June 2, 2019 .
  13. ^ Gustav Adolf Asch: The Real School in Warnsdorf . Rumburg 1852, p. 12 ff .
  14. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 386 .
  15. ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexicon. Volume 4, Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985, ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 , p. 470.
  16. ^ Karl-Peter Schwarz: Roma in the Czech Republic: Dispute in the tip. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, September 1, 2011.
  17. ↑ Alois Palme : Warnsdorf and its historical monuments from its foundation to 1850 . Rumburg 1852, pp. 43-44 .
  18. ^ A b Karl Hellmich: Address book and geographical-statistical description of the industrial location Warnsdorf in 1864/65, consisting of the localities: Alt- and Neu-Warnsdorf, Floriansdorf, Karlsdorf, Alt- and Neu-Franzensthal according to the geographical location in 6 districts . Warnsdorf 1866, p. 29 .
  19. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, p. 282, item 15.
  20. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 212 below.
  21. ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 41, right column .
  22. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. Warnsdorf district (Czech: Varnsdorf). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  23. ↑ Czeski Urząd Statystyczny
  24. ↑ Centrum Panorama Varnsdorf. In: www.centrumpanorama.cz. Retrieved June 10, 2016 .