Vilémov u Šluknova

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Vilémov
Vilémov coat of arms
Vilémov u Šluknova (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Děčín
Area : 406.864 hectares
Geographic location : 51 ° 0 ′  N , 14 ° 20 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′ 31 ″  N , 14 ° 19 ′ 51 ″  E
Height: 322  m nm
Residents : 888 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 407 80
License plate : U
traffic
Railway connection: Rumburk – Dolní Poustevna
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 2
administration
Mayor : Hynek Raichart (as of 2018)
Address: Vilémov 172
407 80 Vilémov u Šluknova
Municipality number: 562947
Website : www.vilemov.cz
Location of Vilémov in the Děčín district
map

Vilémov (German Wölmsdorf ) is a municipality in the Děčín district in Ústecký kraj in the Czech Republic .

geography

Geographical location

The community is located in Northern Bohemia between the foothills of Ječný vrch ( Gerstenberg ) and the Tanečnice ( Tanzplan ) in a valley at Vilémovský brook ( Wölmsdorfer stream ), the flow to the west and thereby the border between the Czech Republic and Saxony forms. From the German city of Sebnitz, it flows as the eponymous river Sebnitz in German territory to the Elbe.

In the north-west the area borders on the municipality of Dolní Poustevna ( Niedereinsiedel ), in the north on Lipová u Šluknova ( Hainspach ), in the east on Velký Šenov ( Groß-Schönau ), in the south on Mikulášovice ( Nixdorf ) and in the south-west on the city Sebnitz.

The municipality of Vilémov together with the district Dolina ( Franzthal ) has 905 inhabitants. Within the municipality, the houses are numbered (as is customary in the area) so that the address is not given by street, but only with the house number.

Community structure

The community Vilémov consists of the districts Dolina ( Franzthal ) and Vilémov ( Wölmsdorf ).

Neighboring communities

In the neighboring Dolní Poustevna there is a border crossing for motor vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians to Sebnitz / Saxony.

geology

Geologically and spatially, the Bohemian Netherlands , also called the Schluckenauer Zipfel , belongs to the Lusatian highlands .

history

Baroque pilgrimage church of the Assumption

The first settlement most likely took place in the 13th century on the territory of the Berka von Dubá , a Bohemian noble family with extensive possessions in northern Bohemia. In 1332 the Wolframsdorf settlement went to the diocese of Meissen as a fief of the Bohemian crown . Vilémov is first mentioned in a document in 1410. From 1566 it belonged to the rule of Hainspach of the Counts Slavata von Chlum and Koschumberg , later the Counts of Salm-Reifferscheid . During the Thirty Years War , the village was sacked by Swedish troops in 1634.

In 1646 a spring was discovered in Vilémov which, according to legend, has healing powers. On January 19, 1646, two angels showed the farmer's daughter Hans Grohmann the spring that was supposed to alleviate eye problems. The first pilgrims came to Vilémov as early as the end of the Thirty Years' War, so that in 1713 a chapel was built by Count Joachim von Slavata with the inscription “Please God clean Mary for us, and the Brun will be healthy” . In the years 1728 to 1731 Count Leopold von Salm-Reifferscheidt (1699–1769), who became co-owner of the Hainspach estate through marriage to Maria-Agnes von Slawata-Chlum, built a church in the high baroque style .

According to legend, he was a dragoon captain in a Württemberg regiment and took part in the Battle of Belgrade at the age of 18. Wounded and afflicted by the plague, he vowed to have a stone chapel built in Wölmsdorf if he was healed. At the age of 20, he took over the rule in Hainspach in good health. However, only after further life-threatening needs did the count erect a church above the fountain in honor of the "Assumption of Mary".

Franzthal was founded in 1715. In 1738 a bridge was built over the Wölmsdorfer Bach in front of the church. The access staircase, which leads up to the church on a slope, received two angels and six statues of saints between 1739 and 1741, the bridge over the stream received four statues of saints in 1744, two of which are missing today. All figures were made by Christian Riedl from neighboring Groß-Schönau.

Half-timbered house in Vilémov
Street train

The Wölmsdorf church developed into a place of pilgrimage for pilgrims from the surrounding communities and from the Sorbian areas of Upper Lusatia . A way of the cross with 14 stations was laid out around the church . To this end, 13 stone tablets with benches were set up and a chapel with the figure of Christ reclining from 1765 was built on the slope behind the church as a final station. During pilgrimages, Holy Mass was celebrated outdoors around the church. Likewise, stalls and stalls attracted many people.

In 1890, with the death of the last male descendant of the Salm-Reifferscheidt family, their rule ended. The property then came into the hands of Count Thun von Klösterle an der Eger . In 1891 Countess Thun wanted to renovate the interior of the church. In 1945 people damaged and destroyed the figures on the stairs leading up to the church. Later, heavy rains caused a landslide, so that the "healing well" was buried. It was uncovered again, but its water release is greatly reduced or dried up at times.

After the First World War , the region was incorporated into the newly created Czechoslovakia in 1919 . Due to the Munich Agreement , Wölmsdorf belonged from 1938 to 1945 to the district of Schluckenau , administrative district of Aussig , in the German Reichsgau Sudetenland . After the Second World War , the German-speaking population was largely expropriated and expelled .

Population development

Until 1945 Wölmsdorf was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 0507 in 86 houses
1869 0769
1900 1080
1939 1435
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1950 1961 1970 1980 1991 2001 2011
Residents 845 703 771 929 991 960 859

Culture and sights

  • The baroque church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary from 1728–1731 was commissioned by Count Leopold von Salm as a family funeral chapel and built by Zacharias Hoffmann from Linden. There are three altars inside. The high altar, consecrated to Mary, is surrounded by the side altars of Aegidi and Saint Vincent. There is also Count Leopold's epitaph next to the Aegidi altar . Six gold medallions tell of the dangers of death that he is said to have survived. Around the church, a distinctive feature in a semicircle - similar to an amphitheater - are grass banks carved into the ground for the pilgrims who took part in the Holy Mass.
  • The stairs leading up to the church are adorned by two angels with shields and six figures of saints. At the beginning on the left there is an angel, then Saint Adalbert , then Saint Wenceslas and at the end of the stairs Saint John Nepomuk . On the right side, after the angel, is Saint Rosalia , then Saint Sebastian and at the end of the staircase Saint Rochus . Their names are e.g. Some of them can still be seen on the pedestals. The figures from the years 1739 to 1741 are by Christian Riedl.
  • On the bridge from 1738 leading over the Vilémovsky potok (Wölmsdorfer Bach) in front of the church there are two saints on the upstream side, on the left Saint Joseph of Nazareth , on the right Saint Anne . On the opposite side down the stream stood St. Donatus and St. Florian . However, they were destroyed. The figures on the bridge and those on the access stairs to the church form an ensemble due to their spatial proximity.
  • The bridge on the Rumburk – Sebnitz railway line across the Vilémovsky potok valley is remarkable . For a long time, the 1903 iron viaduct with a length of 190 meters and a height of 34 meters was the second highest in Bohemia.
  • A memorial to the victims of fascism is in the center of the village.
  • In Vilémov there are a number of half-timbered houses , built in the traditional design of the region, which typically combine log, half-timbered and solid construction. The hallway is usually laid across and separates the building into living and business areas. What is striking is the arched wooden support system that is built around the living area on two or three sides and with which the roof load is absorbed.

literature

  • Andreas Bültemeier: Hikes. Lusatian Mountains and Bohemian Netherlands. Oberlausitzer Verlag, Spitzkunnersdorf 2002, ISBN 3-933827-29-9 .
  • Gitta Rummler: Pilgrimage sites in the North Bohemian Netherlands (= Netherlands booklets . Series of publications of the Federation of the Dutch. Booklet 20). Netherlands-Verlag Helmut Michel, Backnang 1996, ISBN 3-923947-23-2 .
  • Alfred Schwarz, Alžběta Nováková: Nejsevernější Čechy - průvodce. = Companion through northernmost Bohemia. Liberecké Tiskárny, spol. s ro Liberec 1995.

Web links

Commons : Vilémov u Šluknova  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/562947/Vilemov
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ^ Wilhelm Pfeifer: The places of the North Bohemian Netherlands. In the Dutch book series . Publication series of the Federation of the Dutch, Vol. 9, Netherlands-Verlag Helmut Michel, Böblingen, 2nd edition 1977, ISBN 3-923947-00-3 .
  4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/562947/Obec-Vilemov
  5. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, p. 267, paragraph 13.
  6. ↑ a b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. Schluckenau district (Czech: Sluknov). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).