Krásná Lípa
| Krásná Lípa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Děčín | ||||
| Area : | 3,141.8626 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 55 ' N , 14 ° 31' E | ||||
| Height: | 426 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 3,453 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 407 46 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Bakov nad Jizerou – Ebersbach | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 9 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jan Kolář (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Masarykova 6 407 46 Krásná Lípa |
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| Municipality number: | 562611 | ||||
| Website : | www.krasnalipa.cz | ||||
| Location of Krásná Lípa in the Děčín district | |||||
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Krásná Lípa (German Schönlinde ) is a town with about 3500 inhabitants in the Okres Děčín in the Czech Republic .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in northern Bohemia on the upper reaches of the Kirnitzsch between the Elbe Sandstone Mountains and the Lusatian Mountains at an altitude of 450 m west of Varnsdorf and 6 km southwest of Rumburk on an old trade route from Upper Lusatia to Tetschen an der Elbe . To the north is the Bohemian Netherlands . The railway line from Prague to Georgswalde / Ebersbach (formerly the Bohemian Northern Railway ) has been running through the town since 1869, and today it mainly serves regional traffic between Rumburk and Děčín .
City structure
The town of Krásná Lípa consists of the districts Dlouhý Důl (Langengrund) , Hely (Nassendorf) , Kamenná Horka (Steinhübel) , Krásná Lípa (Schönlinde) , Krásný Buk (Schönbüchel) , Kyjov (Khaa) , Sněčí Hora ( Schnauhübel) , Vlěčí Hora Wolfsberg) and Zahrady (gardens) . Basic settlement units are Dlouhý Důl, Kamenná Horka, Krásná Lípa, Krásný Buk, Kyjov, Sněžná, Vlčí Hora and Zahrady.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Krásná Lípa, Krásný Buk, Kyjov u Krásné Lípy, Vlčí Hora and Zahrady.
Neighboring places
| Staré Křečany (Alt Ehrenberg) | Rumburk (Rumburg) | |
| Doubice (Daubitz) |
.svg)
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Varnsdorf (Warnsdorf) |
| Chřibská (Kreibitz), Rybniště (Teichstatt) |
history
Schönlinde was built not far from the Krásný Buk (Schönbüchel) castle , which was destroyed in 1339. In a stone under the altar of the old church there was a stone with the date 1144 carved into it, which suggests that there was a church here as early as the 12th century. Schönlinde is first mentioned in a document in 1361. At that time the place was one of the few parish villages in the area of the Tollenstein rulership , to which Schönlinde belonged until 1573. The place came to the rule of Kamnitz through purchase .
Linen weaving has been developing in the village since the 17th century . A yarn factory was established in 1731, and in the same year Schönlinde received from Emperor Karl VI. granted the market right. In 1754 the beautiful parish church of St. Magdalena was built, which is decorated with sculptures by the Dresden court sculptor Pettrich . In the late 19th century, the place into an important center of developed textile industry in northern Bohemia, the 1870 the city rights were granted.
From 1885 Schönlinde was the seat of the mountain association for northernmost Bohemia under the direction of Dr. Johann Hille.
After the First World War , the region was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia .
After the Munich Agreement Schönlinde belonged from 1938 to 1945 for the district of Rumburk , Region of Usti nad Labem , in the Reich District of Sudetenland the German Reich .
Expulsion of the German-speaking population : After the Second World War , the German-speaking population was expelled . Her property was confiscated by Beneš Decree 108 and the Catholic Churches of Schönlinde in Czechoslovakia were expropriated . The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.
Then there were the influx of Czechs from the interior, Slovaks , so-called repatriants and Roma .
Today a large group of Roma lives in Krásná Lípa , the proportion of which is growing compared to the rest of the population.
Population development
Until 1945 Schönlinde was mostly populated by German Bohemia , most of which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1818 | 3146 | in 430 houses |
| 1830 | 3668 | in 461 houses |
| 1857 | 5472 | on October 31st |
| 1900 | 6879 | German residents |
| 1921 | 5938 | thereof 5758 (97%) Germans |
| 1930 | 6660 | thereof 182 (3%) Czechs |
| 1939 | 6076 |
| year | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 3,938 | 3 819 | 3 381 | 3 639 | 3 666 |
Culture and sights
See also: List of listed objects in Krásná Lípa
- Baroque church of Saint Maria Magdalena from 1754/1758 with tower from 1777
- Regional Museum of Bohemian Switzerland and the area around Krásná Lípa on the Ring
- City cemetery: neo-Renaissance mausoleum of textile manufacturer Carl August Dittrich (founder of the former textile factory Hielle & Dittrich ), based on a design by architect Julius Carl Raschdorff from 1888–1889
- Lion sculpture in the city park in front of the cemetery by the Dresden sculptor Clemens Grundig from 1908
economy
Former textile industry
Since the middle of the 19th century and after the railway connection in 1868, a number of textile factories were built in Schönlinde that no longer exist today:
- Company Hielle & Dittrich
The company Hielle & Dittrich was founded by Carl Dittrich (1819–1886) and Karl Theodor Hielle (1822–1871) in 1849 as a yarn trading company in Schönlinde with a branch in Mährisch Schönberg . From 1857 to around 1920 the "Zyrardower Manufacturen Hielle & Dittrich" in Żyrardów also belonged to the company. All of Hielle & Dittrich's possessions in Bohemia, Moravia, Austria, Italy and Germany were administered from Schönlinde until 1945. The plants in Czechoslovakia were expropriated in 1945 and continued as the state-owned ELITE Varnsdorf company.
- Company Hielle & Wünsche
The Hielle & Wünsche company was founded in Schönbüchel in 1851 by Eduard Hielle (1824–1884) and Josef Wünsche. At the Fiebigteich (Cimrák) in Schönlinde they set up a mechanical weaving mill in 1873, and in 1896 they expanded their company to include the Anton Friedrich spinning mill in Prager Straße in Schönlinde and a branch in Rumburg. The company was later led by engineer Paul Hielle (1878–1942). After 1945 it was nationalized and the company became part of the ELITE company in Varnsdorf.
- Stefan Schindler company, later Joseph Franz Palme
The stocking factory was founded in 1854 by Stefan Schindler (1831–1887), after his death it was continued by his son Adolf Schindler (1857–1893) and son-in-law Joseph Franz Palme. Modern factory buildings in the style of functionalism ( Bauhaus style ) were built on Kyjovska and Stradal streets, which are now used by the Novia Fashion sro company. The factory owner's villa, called Palme-Villa, was built by the architect Hans Richter . The company later traded under the name Strumpffabrik Joseph Franz Palme with its headquarters in Schönlinde and manufacturing in Turn (Trnovany). After nationalization, the company belonged to ELITE Varnsdorf, and in 1949 it became part of the newly founded state-owned company EVA.
- Gustav Jäger company
Gustav Adolf Jäger (1851–1927) founded the Gustav Jäger company in 1877 to produce hosiery on hand knitting machines. Since 1892, it also had a branch in Ebersbach, Saxony . In 1893 a new factory was built in Schönbüchel with a steam power plant and modern cotton machines . In 1906 he founded the association of knitted and hosiery industrialists in Schönlinde and the surrounding area and was its president. In 1908 the company employed 300 knitters and 400 home workers, processed 140 tons of cotton, wool, silk and crepe (pile) annually and was one of the most important in the branch in Austria-Hungary. In 1918 there were branches in Budapest , Bucharest , Lviv , Paris , Prague , Trieste , Warsaw and Vienna . His son Gustav Adolf Jäger jr. (1878–1954) took over the company after the death of his father in 1927 and became its director. The company existed as a general partnership until 1945 . After the Second World War, the family was expelled and the company was nationalized. Production in the nationalized company was stopped in 1947 and the machines were dismantled. The building then served as a silo for the agricultural products and was demolished in 2001. The nearby factory owner's villa, which was built by Gustav Jäger, has been preserved to this day.
- Company JH Vatter
In 1882 Joseph Heinrich Vatter founded a cotton knitting factory for hosiery in today's Nerudova Street 680/3. After his death in 1940 the company went to Adolfine Zimmer, b. Vatter, and several minor heirs, including Alfred Vatter and Heinrich Alexander Vatter. In July 1945 it was expropriated by the national administration. Although the company had modern technical equipment and produced an average of 25,000 pairs of stockings a month, it was liquidated. The factory halls then served as a warehouse for the Motokov foreign trade company. The grandson of the founder Fred Vatter founded in 1946 in Schongau the Vatter GmbH , it was in 1950 (together with Otto Palme), the new company Bellinda (lateinisierter name of Schönlinde ), which, since 1998, again in the Czech Republic , since 2005 Bellinda Česká republika sro in Dolní Ředice near Pardubice .
- Edwin Jäger company
The Edwin Jäger company, based in Schönlinde at today's Varnsdorfer Straße 76, was founded in 1923 and focused on the production of silk tights, sports stockings and socks. It was nationalized in August 1945. The company's assets and factories were incorporated into the state-owned company ELITE in Varnsdorf in 1948.
- Schönlinder hosiery factory, public limited company
The stocking factory AG was founded in 1929 and belonged to the family business of Theodor Reiser, owner of the Albert Reiser company in Klokočov near Příbor . In December 1945 the company was nationalized. The owner Theodor Reiser was a Swiss citizen and filed a complaint against the nationalization. The company's assets were transferred to the state-owned fine stocking factory in Varnsdorf in 1946.
- ROHI company (Rolf Hielle weaving mill)
The hand weaving mill ROHI was founded in 1933 and was located in Schönlinde at Gerberstraße 15. In 1935, the former Anton Friedrich spinning mill in Prager Straße was taken over. After the Second World War it was first under national administration and then went into liquidation.
- Hielle & Koch company
Hielle & Koch was founded in 1933 by Fritz Hielle, a son of Paul Hielle (owner of Hielle & Wünsche), and Dr.-Ing. Lothar Koch founded as a subsidiary of Hielle & Wünsche. After the Second World War, it was nationalized and taken over by the fine stocking factory Varnsdorf as a state-owned company.
Current company
- Eurometal Group sro
- Novia Fashion sro
- Johnson Drehtechnik sro
- Northco Systems
traffic
Rail transport
The city has been connected to the railway network since 1868. Today's railway line 081 from Děčín to Rumburk runs through the town, where there are two stops, the “Krásná Lípa” station and the “Krásná Lípa město” station.
Road traffic
The place can be reached via the following roads:
- Road II / 263 from Rumburk to Česká Kamenice
- Road II / 265 from Varnsdorf to Velký Šenov
Twin cities
- Municipality of Kottmar (formerly Eibau)
- Hinterhermsdorf
- Żyrardów (since 2016)
sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Münzberg (1799–1878), textile manufacturer
- Anton Friedrich (1820–1891), entrepreneur and politician, member of the Bohemian Landtag and the Reichsrat
- Franz Bendel (1833–1874), composer and pianist
- Karl Hielle (1848–1891), entrepreneur, owner of the textile company Hielle & Dittrich in Schönlinde
- August Frind (1852–1924), academic painter
- Josef Schlegel (1869–1955), Austrian politician, Governor of Upper Austria, President of the Court of Auditors
- Rudolf Kögler (1899–1949), textile designer and hobby geologist
- Fred Vatter (1915-2004), textile entrepreneur
- Karlheinz Blaschke (* 1927), Saxon archivist and historian
- Manfred Preußger (* 1932), pole vaulter
- Dieter Hanitzsch (* 1933), cartoonist
- Gerhard Mitter (1935–1969), racing driver, Formula 1, sports car, three-time European mountain champion
Web links
- City website (Czech, German, English)
- City history and photos
Individual evidence
- ↑ Obec Krasna Lipa: Podrobné informace. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved September 1, 2014 (Czech).
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Části obcí. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved September 1, 2014 (Czech).
- ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved September 1, 2014 (Czech).
- ↑ Katastrální území. In: Územně identifikační registr ČR. Retrieved September 1, 2014 (Czech).
- ↑ a b Franz Aloys Mussik: The Schönlinde market and its eingepfarrte villages. In addition to a brief outline of the dominions of Böhmisch-Kamnitz, Hainspach, Schluckenau and Rumburg. A historical-topographical attempt . Prague 1828, p. 65.
- ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, pp. 260-261, item 33).
- ^ Karl-Peter Schwarz: Roma in the Czech Republic: Dispute in the Zipfel , Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, September 1, 2011.
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 197, point 6) below.
- ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 41, right column .
- ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon 6th edition, Volume 18, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, page 5 .
- ^ A b Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexikon Volume 4, page 398. Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985. ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rumburg district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Czeski Urząd Statystyczny
- ↑ Anna Vašíčková: Krásná Lípa v kontextu vývoje textilního průmyslu - 19. a 20. století (Schönlinde in the context of the development of the textile industry in the 19th and 20th centuries), Bakalaureus work, Charles University in Prague, Praha, 2017, 84 pp . (czech.), online (czech.) (accessed October 11, 2019)
- ↑ Richard Sladký: Industriální dějiny Krásnolipska na pozadí osudu rodiny Jägerů (The industrial history of Schönlinde using the example of the fate of the Jäger family), Gymnázium Přírodní škola, ops, Praha 2014, 29 pages + appendices (Czech), see online (Czech.) ) (accessed October 11, 2019)
- ↑ Industrial history Schönlinde (accessed on October 11, 2019)
- ↑ Palme-Villa Schönlinde (accessed October 11, 2019)
- ↑ Bellinda - Story (accessed October 11, 2019)