1870

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1870
After the Battle of Sedan , the French army surrenders in the Franco-Prussian War . Napoleon III is captured , the 3rd republic is proclaimed in Paris .
The Triple Alliance War ends with the death of Francisco Solano López .	Ludwig II of Bavaria sends the letter of Kaiser formulated by Otto von Bismarck to Prussia.
1870 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1318/19 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1862/63 (September 10-11)
Baha'i calendar	26/27 (March 20/21)
Bengali solar calendar	1275/76 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2413/14 (southern Buddhism); 2412/13 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	76th (77th) cycle Year of the Metal Horse庚午 ( at the beginning of the year Earth-Snake 己巳)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1232/33 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	4203/04 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1248/49 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar	1286/87 (April 2-3)
Japanese calendar	Meiji 3 ( 明治 3 年) (from February 1st)
Jewish calendar	5630/31 (25/26 September)
Coptic calendar	1586/87 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	1045/46
Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire)	1285/86 (March 1)
Seleucid era	Babylon: 2180/81 (turn of the year April) Syria: 2181/82 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1926/27 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

German unification and war against France

“Emser Audienz”, a meeting between the French ambassador and King Wilhelm , holder of the Federal Presidium

• January 7th : Federal Chancellor Otto von Bismarck discusses his “ Kaiserplan ” with the Crown Prince.
• February 24 : In the Lasker interpellation, the National Liberals try to get Baden to join the North German Confederation .
• June: The planned triple alliance between France, Austria-Hungary and Italy is put on hold after more than two years of explorations and negotiations.
• July 2nd : It is announced that Leopold von Hohenzollern is a candidate for the Spanish throne . There is an outcry in France.
• July 13 : A press release by Bismarck (so-called " Emser Depesche ") appears. Napoleon III will use it as an occasion for a war against Prussia.
• July 19 : The Franco-German War begins with the French declaration of war on Prussia. Due to the North German Federal Constitution and the protective and defensive alliances with southern Germany, the whole of Germany is at war.
• August 4 : In the Battle of Weissenburg , the first battle in the Franco-Prussian War , an all-German army appears for the first time. The 3rd Army, led by Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, defeated the " Alsace Army " under Marshal Patrice de Mac-Mahon near the border town of Wissembourg in Alsace .

Destruction of a French cuirassier regiment in the battle of Wörth ; Drawn by H. Merte

• August 6th : Prussia defeats France in the Battle of Wörth . The battle left over 20,000 dead and wounded on both sides. In the Battle of Spichern on the same day, Prussian units prevailed with heavy losses against French defenders who retreat in the evening.
• August 14th : German troops win the Battle of Colombey .
• August 15 : The until September 28 lasting siege of Strasbourg begins.
• August 16 : In the battle of Mars-la-Tour , two Prussian corps force the French Army on the Rhine to retreat to the fortress of Metz .
• August 16 : The siege of Toul by German troops under Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg begins.
• August 18 : In the Battle of Gravelotte , the Prussians succeed in repelling a French attack and advance towards Metz .
• August 20 : The Army of the Rhine, withdrawn by Marshal Bazaine , is surrounded by the Prussians and their allies in the city of Metz , the siege of Metz begins. It will drag on until October 27th .
• August 30th : The battle at Beaumont also ends with a Prussian victory.
• August 31 / September 1 : The French are defeated in the Battle of Noisseville . The Germans successfully begin the Battle of Sedan with the battle for Bazeilles .

The Franco-German surrender negotiations on September 2, 1870

• September 2 : After the defeat in the two-day battle of Sedan , the French army surrenders; Meeting Otto von Bismarck with Napoleon III. in Donchery
• September 3 : Napoleon III. is interned in Schloss Wilhelmshöhe in Kassel .
• September 4th : Formation of the “Government of National Defense” in Paris , the beginning of the Third French Republic
• September 19 : German troops win the battle at Sceaux .
• September 19 : The siege of Paris begins.
• September 23 : The siege of Toul comes to an end in the Franco-Prussian War . After about eight hours of cannonade , the French soldiers handed over the city they had held until then .
• September 28 : In the Franco-German War , the city of Strasbourg surrenders after several weeks of heavy bombardment by German troops.
• September 30th : German troops also win the battle at Chevilly .
• October 7th : In the battle of Bellevue , an attempt to break out of Marshal François-Achille Bazaine's French Rhine army, which was enclosed near Metz , fails against the Prussian armed forces.
• October 7th : Interior Minister Léon Gambetta leaves besieged Paris in a balloon to implement his plan to liberate the French capital, which failed.
• October 10 : An army corps of Bavarian troops under General Ludwig von der Tann-Rathsamhausen prevailed in the battle near Artenay .
• October 13 : The Bavarians also win the battle at Châtillon .
• October 18 : In the battle of Châteaudun , the Germans prevail in house-to-house combat and defeat units of the French Loire Army .
• October 27th : The siege of Metz ends with the surrender of the defending French troops.
• October 28th to 30th : German troops also victorious in the Battle of Le Bourget north of Paris.
• November 3 : German troops surround the city of Belfort . This is the prelude to the siege of Belfort , the last fighting fortress in eastern France.
• November 9th : The Battle of Coulmiers ends with a French victory.

Germany's future , caricature in the Austrian satirical magazine “ Kikeriki ” on the November treaties

• November 15 : The North German Confederation signs the first of the November treaties with Baden and the Grand Duchy of Hesse , which prepare the foundation of the Empire .
• November 23 : The North German Confederation concludes another November contract with Bavaria . The kingdom negotiates reservation rights .
• November 25th : The treaty of Northern Germany (as well as Baden and Hesse) with the Kingdom of Württemberg is the third and last of the November treaties .
• November 27th : Otto von Bismarck formulates the letter of the emperor for King Ludwig II of Bavaria . In it he called on King Wilhelm I, on behalf of the German princes of Prussia , to accept the title of emperor .
• November 27th : In the Franco-Prussian War there is a battle near Amiens , in which Prussian troops prevail against withdrawing French. The struggle for Beaune-la-Rolande of the numerically superior French Loire Army is lost the following day by the Prussians who pursued it in the evening.
• November 28 to December 4 : Troops in besieged Paris make several attempts to retire, which are ultimately repulsed by the German besiegers in the Battle of Villiers .
• December 1 : The battle at Villepion ends with a French victory.
• December 2nd : In the battle of Loigny and Poupry , a Prussian-Bavarian army group is successful against French units. The battle costs the lives of around 12,000 soldiers.
• December 3 : Prince Luitpold brings Ludwig's imperial letter to the Prussian king.
• December 4 : The Germans win the two-day battle of Orléans .
• 9 / 10 December : North German Reichstag and Bundesrat decide that the Federal Bureau also the title of German Emperor to lead.
• December 10 : The Franco-Prussian War ends the two-day battle at Beaugency . Because of the danger of being trapped, the French Loire Army, under the command of General Antoine Chanzy , withdraws towards Le Mans .
• December 18 : In Versailles , King Wilhelm accepts the title of emperor opposite a deputation from the Reichstag .
• December 18 : The battle at Nuits ends with a German victory.
• December 23rd / 24th : The Battle of the Hallue leads to a Prussian victory. The approximately twice as strong French troop units withdraw after the loss-making battles with the Prussian attackers that had begun the day before.

Risorgimento in Italy

• September 20 : Italian troops occupy Rome , the capital of the Papal States . Pope Pius IX regards himself as a "prisoner" in the Vatican .
• October 2nd : The inhabitants of the Papal States have agreed to the union with the Kingdom of Italy; Independence of Italy ; Rome becomes the capital instead of Florence .
• October 6th : A royal decree by Victor Emmanuel II proclaims the unification of the Papal States with Italy . The Risorgimento ends with this merger, but the Roman question continues to smolder.

Spain

→ Main article : Succession to the Spanish throne 1868–1870

• February: The Spanish government under Juan Prim offers the German Prince Leopold von Hohenzollern the Spanish crown.
• March 12 : Antoine d'Orléans, duc de Montpensier , who is hoping for the Spanish throne, kills the Infante Heinrich von Bourbon , brother of Spain's former titular king Francisco , in a duel .
• June 19 : Leopold von Hohenzollern agrees to run for the Spanish throne.
• June 25th : The Spanish Queen Isabella , who fled to France two years ago , renounces in favor of her son Alfonso XII, who is also in exile in Paris . on the throne.
• July 12 : Due to the reaction of France, which threatens war, Karl Anton von Hohenzollern withdraws his candidacy on behalf of his son Leopold.
• November 16 : Amadeus of Savoy is elected king by parliament from several candidates . Francisco Serrano Domínguez will continue the reign during the Sexenio Revolucionario until the end of the year .
• December 27th : Several men open fire on the Spanish Prime Minister Juan Prim , who stop his carriage after a parliamentary session. Prim dies of the injuries three days later. Juan Bautista Topete will be his successor .

Austria-Hungary

Ignaz Freiherr von Plener

• January 15 : The Cisleithan Prime Minister Eduard Taaffe is removed from his office at his own request after remaining in the minority in his cabinet with his intention to better meet the demands of non-German nationalities. His successor in the so-called Citizens' Ministry is temporarily Ignaz von Plener .
• February 1 : The centralist Leopold Hasner von Artha becomes Prime Minister of Cisleithania . He submitted his resignation on April 4th after the Kaiser rejected his proposal to dissolve uncooperative state parliaments. He will be released on April 12th . This ends the so-called Citizens' Ministry .
• April 7th : The Austrian government lifts the so-called coalition ban from 1864. This allows unions in Austria-Hungary. Despite everything, the state continues to do its utmost to fight the unions and keep their influence low.

Alfred Józef Potocki

• April 12 : Alfred Józef Potocki is appointed Prime Minister. He tries in vain to achieve a federal balance in Cisleithanien.
• July 4 : In the beginning of the Viennese high treason trial , fourteen people responsible for organizing a rally for political and trade union rights of workers , attended by around 20,000 people last year, are on trial . The defendants include Heinrich Oberwinder , Johann Most and Andreas Scheu .
• July 19 : In the Viennese high treason trial against the responsible organizers of a rally for the political and trade union rights of the workers, the verdicts are passed: Despite the lack of evidence, the organizers are sentenced to prison sentences of up to six years. After this process, the authorities dissolve most of the workers' education associations. The closings trigger new protests and riots lasting several days, prompting the government to pass a new coalition law. Subsequently, however, the convicts are given amnesty.

Switzerland

• January 1st : Jakob Dubs becomes Swiss President for the third time.

Africa

• October 7th : Since the late Majid bin Said leaves only one daughter, his brother Barghasch ibn Said follows him as Sultan of the Zanzibar Archipelago . Under his rule, Zanzibar City was expanded and the lucrative East African slave trade was abandoned under British influence .

Triple Alliance War in South America

The situation after the war

Paraguayan prisoners of war

With the death of the Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano López , who does not want to be captured by Allied soldiers , the fighting in the Latin American Triple Alliance War ends on March 1st after more than five years .

In the peace treaty of June 20, Paraguay had to cede around 144,000 km², around 50 percent of its national territory, to Brazil and Argentina. Argentina is appropriating the Misiones region, previously occupied by Paraguay, and part of the Chaco region between the Bermejo and Pilcomayo rivers . Brazil strikes the won territories of its province of Mato Grosso .

The war of Paraguay against the Triple Alliance was - measured by the victims of Paraguay in relation to its total population - one of the war with the most losses in world history. It is estimated that Paraguay's population was reduced from just over 500,000 to around 221,000 in the course of the war. Information about the pre-war population is disputed. Paraguay, which was one of the most economically advanced and powerful states in the region before the war, can never regain this status.

United States of America

• January 26th : Virginia is reinstated as a state in the United States as part of the Reconstruction .

15. Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fifteenth Amendment , a poster from 1870 celebrating the passing of the 15th Amendment and the resulting benefits for people of color

• February 3 : The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed, granting ex-slaves the right to vote . In order to prevent blacks from voting, some southern states introduced so-called poll taxes ( election taxes ); a levy that a voter has to pay in order to receive the right to vote. A so-called grandfather clause exempts those voters from the tax whose fathers and grandfathers were already eligible to vote in the state.
• February 23 : Mississippi is re-admitted to the Union.
• March 30th : Texas re-admitted to the Union.
• July 15 : Georgia is the last of the former Confederate States of America to be accepted back into the Union .

Canada

• July 15 : With the enactment of the May 12 decided Manitoba Acts the former is Red River Colony in consequence of the Red River Rebellion under the name Manitoba Canadian province. The Northwest Territories and Rupert's Land also become part of the Canadian Dominion .

economy

Business start-ups

Title page from January 4, 1870

• January 4 : Former Argentine President Bartolomé Miter founds the daily La Nación in Buenos Aires with several other people .
• January 10 : John D. Rockefeller reorganizes a refinery company as a co-owner and names the company Standard Oil Company .
• January 22nd : The founding meeting of Deutsche Bank AG as a stock corporation takes place in Berlin .
• February 26 : Commerzbank AG is founded in Hamburg .
• March 10 : Deutsche Bank AG is founded in Berlin. It will start operating on April 9th .
• April 19 : Emil Pfeifer , his son Valentin Pfeifer and Eugen Langen found the sugar manufacturing company Pfeifer & Langen in Cologne .
• June 15 : The first general assembly of the Rheinische Creditbank , which is currently being established, takes place in Mannheim .

• Brewmaster Eberhard Anheuser from Bad Kreuznach and his son-in-law Adolphus Busch from Mainz-Kastel found the Anheuser-Busch company in St. Louis .

Other economic events

• March 25 : The Grand Duchy of Baden grants the Badische Bank a license as a private central bank .
• June 25th : The first day of sale of the "correspondence cards " brings 45,000 sales of these new postcards in Berlin .
• September 23 : The Paris balloon mail , a crucial point in the history of airmail , is launched to send messages out of besieged Paris . By January 22nd, 1871, around 2.5 million letters and postcards with a total weight of around 10,000 kg, 363 carrier pigeons , 238 passengers and even six dogs were transported by balloon mail.
• October 9th : The first messages sent by pigeon mail reached Paris.
• December 20 : The Innkreisbahn starts operating on the route from Neumarkt-Kallham to Braunau am Inn .
• December 20 : At the westernmost point of the US state of Oregon is on the Pacific coast of Lighthouse Cape Blanco Lighthouse commissioned.

• The Walheim / Kornelimünster lime kiln plants receive their first kiln .
• 1870: In the slaughterhouses of Cincinnati are lines used.

science and technology

Expeditions

• March 19 : The Africa explorer Georg Schweinfurth discovers the Uelle , which later becomes a major tributary of the Congo as the Ubangi .
• September 11th : The Second German North Polar Expedition returns to Bremerhaven.

Old Faithful

• September 18 : During the Washburn-Langford-Doane expedition to what is now Yellowstone National Park in the United States, the first whites see a geyser that regularly erupts here . From Henry D. Washburn he receives the name Old Faithful .

traffic

• January 3 : The construction of the Brooklyn Bridge planned by John Augustus Roebling between Manhattan and Brooklyn in New York City begins with the preparations for the foundations of the towers and the anchors. Roebling's son Washington Augustus took over the management of the project after the death of his father the previous year. The bridge over the East River is planned as a combined suspension and cable-stayed bridge and is one of the oldest suspension bridges of this type in the USA. The up to 23 m deep construction pits for the foundations of the towers and the anchors are made with the help of caissonsexcavated, a procedure used for the first time in the USA, which is not yet fully mastered and whose medical problems are not yet understood at all. During the five years of civil engineering work, there were repeated accidents and cases of decompression sickness .
• March 2nd : The Budavári Sikló in Budapest , the oldest funicular in Europe still operating on its original route and tracks , is opened.
• April 12th : The first exchange of telegrams over the Indo-European telegraph line takes place between London and Calcutta.

Interior of the Tower Subway car in 1870

• The Tower Subway , built by James Henry Greathead at the suggestion of Peter William Barlow , a tunnel under the Thames in central London in the immediate vicinity of the Tower of London , will be completed after ten months and will open on August 2nd . Because the single-track tunnel cannot be operated profitably, wagon operations will cease on December 7th . The tunnel will be illuminated and will be opened for pedestrians on December 24th .
• December 25th : The construction of the Mont Cenis tunnel takes place.

Others

• The beginning of the excavations of Troy by Heinrich Schliemann
• First driving tests with a primitive gasoline-powered vehicle by Siegfried Marcus
• For the first time, the fully synthetic production of indigo from isatin is achieved by the German chemist Adolf von Baeyer

Culture

Architecture and fine arts

→ Main article : Art year 1870

• January 5th : Georges-Eugène Haussmann , Prefect responsible for the fundamental urban redesign of Paris since 1853 , is relieved of his duties.
• April 4 : The Golden Gate Park in San Francisco , currently under construction and now one of the largest inner-city parks in the world, is officially opened.
• April 13 : The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City is founded.
• July 31 : The painter Adolph von Menzel witnesses a crowd cheering on the Prussian king on Berlin's boulevard Unter den Linden at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War - and shortly thereafter records the scene in a now very well-known oil painting .

Henri Fantin-Latour, Un atelier aux Batignolles

• Henri Fantin-Latour paints Un atelier aux Batignolles .
• Edouard Manet paints the landscape Effet de neige à Petit-Montrouge .

literature

→ Main article : Literature year 1870

• 24 / August 25 : During the Siege of Strasbourg in the German-Prussian War , the Strasbourg city library in Temple Neuf completely destroyed. Numerous valuable manuscripts are burned, including the medieval Hortus Deliciarum from the 12th century.

• The novella Venus in Pelz by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch is published.

music and dance

→ Main article : Music year 1870

Musikverein building Vienna, keystone laying on March 1st , drawing by Vinzenz Katzler

• January 6th : The Vienna Musikverein building built by Theophil von Hansen is opened with a festive concert. The acoustics of the Great Hall are consistently praised by the critics.
• March 16 : The Fantasy Overture Romeo and Juliet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was in Moscow under the baton of Nikolai Grigoryevich Rubinstein their first performance .
• May 25 : The ballet Coppélia ou La Fille aux yeux d'émail by Léo Delibes based on a libretto by Charles Nuitter and Arthur Saint-Léon is premiered with triumphant success at the Paris Opera . The plot is based on ETA Hoffmann's story The Sandman . Eugenie Fiocre dances the role of Franz.
• June 26th : The opera Die Walküre by Richard Wagner , the second part of the tetralogy The Ring of the Nibelung , is premiered at the Royal Court and National Theater in Munich under the direction of Franz Wüllner .

• The Boston appeared in the USA around 1870 , a slow waltz in contrast to the Viennese waltz .

religion

• February 26th : In a lecture in London, the religious scholar Friedrich Max Müller defines eight religious communities as book religions from a European perspective .
• April 24th : The First Vatican Council , which has been meeting since the previous year, passes the Constitutio dogmatica Dei Filius . It serves to defend the Catholic faith against “errors of the times” and also defines the relationship between faith and natural sciences for Catholics. It stands in the tradition of the Syllabus errorum and the encyclical Quanta Cura Pius IX. by 1864 .

Proclamation of infallibility, contemporary representation

• July 18 : The First Vatican Council passes the second dogmatic constitution Pastor Aeternus , in which the dogmas of the papal jurisdiction as well as the papal infallibility in questions of faith and morals are laid down. The two dogmas lead in many places to negative reactions and even to church secession. Among other things, the Austrian government under Alfred Józef Potocki terminated the Concordat with the Holy See in the same year . After the meeting, the Pope grants leave until November 11th. The council will not resume and will be adjourned indefinitely on October 20th .
• November 1st : Pope Pius IX. protests in the encyclical Respicientes against the capture of Rome by Italian troops and imposes an immediate excommunication on authors and participants .

Disasters

• January 28 : After casting off in Halifax , the British passenger liner City of Boston of the Inman Line disappears without a trace on the North Atlantic with 191 people on board.
• June 5 : A large fire rages in Constantinople in the Pera district, killing at least 3,000 houses and around 1,300 residents.
• June 7th : An earthquake in the Mexican state of Oaxaca kills 110 people.
• September 6th : On its maiden voyage, the British ironclad HMS Captain sinks in a hurricane off the Spanish coast, killing 474 people. Only 18 men of the crew survive.
• October 19 : The British passenger steamer Cambria crashes into a storm off the Irish coast on the rugged rocky shore of the island of Inishtrahull and sinks. Only one of the 180 people on board survived.
• October 26th : A hurricane over North Baden lifts the platform roof of the Mannheim main station, interrupts all telegraph lines, sinks five ships in the Neckar and almost destroys an omnibus. Further damage occurs in Baden-Baden, where the platform hall is completely demolished, as well as in Karlsruhe, Pforzheim and the surrounding area.

Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .

Sports

→ Main article : Sports year 1870

• June 22nd : The Pickwick Bicycle Club is founded by six high-cycle cyclists in London. The name Pickwick refers to a novel by the recently deceased Charles Dickens .
• August 8 : The America's Cup , named after Yacht America , is held for the first time under this name and won by the New York Yacht Club .

Panathenaic Stadium, drawing by Ziller, 1870

• November 15 : The second Olympics take place in Athens after 1859 , this time in the Panathinaikon Stadium , which was excavated a year earlier on behalf of the Greek government by the German archaeologist and building researcher Ernst Ziller and which Anastasios Metaxas temporarily prepared for the games .

• Georg Weber introduces the fistball game as a sport for gymnastics in Germany .

Historical maps and views

Brixen 1870

Largest cities in the world around 1870

Metropolitan areas
rank	Surname	region	Residents	year
1.	London	United Kingdom	3,840,595	1871
2.	Paris	France	≈2,300,000	1870
3.	New York City	United States	1,469,045	1870
4th	Vienna	Austria-Hungary	900.998	1869
5.	Beijing	Empire of China	≈875,000	1870
6th	St. Petersburg	Russian Empire	842,900	1873
7th	Berlin	Prussia	826.341	1871
8th.	Istanbul	Ottoman Empire	≈800,000	≈1870
9.	Bombay	British India	644.605	1872
10.	Moscow	Russian Empire	601,969	1871
11.	Tokyo	Empire of Japan	595,900	1872

Born

January

Ernst Barlach

• 0January 2 : Ernst Barlach , German writer, sculptor and draftsman († 1938 )
• 0January 2nd : Camillo Müller , Austrian fencer and sports official
• 0January 3 : Pál Ranschburg , Hungarian experimental psychologist and psychiatrist († 1945 )
• 0January 3 : Henry Handel Richardson , Australian writer († 1946 )
• 0January 4th : Georg Escherich , German forester, politician and explorer († 1941 )

Gustav Bauer, 1920

• 0January 6 : Gustav Bauer , German politician, Prime Minister and Reich Chancellor († 1944 )
• 0January 6 : Eduard Stemplinger , German writer († 1964 )
• 0January 6 : Paula Thiede , German trade unionist († 1919 )
• 0January 8 : Wanda von Debschitz-Kunowski , German portrait photographer († 1935 )
• 0January 8 : Miguel Primo de Rivera , Spanish general and dictator († 1930 )
• 0January 9 : Albert Jesionek , German dermatologist and university lecturer († 1935 )
• 0January 9 : Robert Zahn , German archaeologist and director of the Berlin Collection of Antiquities († 1945 )
• January 10 : Hans von Raumer , German politician, Reich Minister († 1965 )
• January 13 : Henryk Opieński , Polish composer († 1942 )
• January 14 : Ida Dehmel , Jewish-German art patron († 1942 )
• January 16 : Ludwig Kohlen , German politician († 1951 )
• January 16 : Wilhelm Normann , German chemist († 1939 )
• January 19 : Jean-Baptiste Dubois , Canadian cellist, conductor and music teacher († 1938 )
• January 20 : Guillaume Lekeu , Belgian composer († 1894 )
• January 20 : Fausto Salvatori , Italian writer and librettist († 1929 )
• January 22 : Charles Tournemire , French composer († 1939 )
• January 24 : Herbert Kilpin , English football player and coach († 1916 )
• January 24 : Joseph Rosier , American politician († 1951 )
• January 25 : Helge von Koch , Swedish mathematician († 1924 )
• January 27 : Karl Arnsperger , German administrative officer († 1934)
• January 28 : Marie Narelle , Australian singer († 1941 )
• January 29 : Karl Ernst Ranke , German internist († 1926 )

February

• 0February 3 : Gustava Louise Georgia Emilie Grüner , Danish painter († 1929 )
• 0February 3 : Annette Kolb , German writer († 1967 )
• 0February 3 : Ada Negri , Italian writer († 1945 )
• 0February 5 : Alfred E. Reames , American politician († 1943 )
• 0February 7th : Alfred Adler , Austrian psychologist and neurologist († 1937 )
• 0February 7th : Adolf Jandorf , German wholesale merchant and founder of KaDeWe († 1932 )
• 0February 8 : Georg Ahlemann , German officer and politician († before 1962 )
• 0February 9 : Paul Max Eugen Adloff , German dentist and anthropologist († 1944 )
• 0February 9 : Arthur Illies , German painter and graphic artist († 1952 )
• 0February 9 : Jacobus Adrianus Cornelis van Leeuwen , Dutch Reformed theologian († 1930 )
• February 10 : Frank L. Greene , American politician († 1930 )

Hugo Stinnes, around 1900

• February 12 : Hugo Stinnes , German industrialist and politician († 1924 )
• February 13 : Leopold Godowsky , Polish pianist and composer († 1938 )
• February 14 : Fyodor Kryukov , Russian writer († 1920 )
• February 19 : Konstantin Uhder , Latvian pastor and evangelical martyr († 1919 )
• February 21 : Víctor Mercante , Argentine educator and writer († 1934 )
• February 22 : Joseph-Jean Goulet , Canadian violinist, conductor and music teacher († 1951 )
• February 23 : Franz Andreß , German teacher and local researcher († 1944 )
• February 23 : Lucie Baud , French silk weaver and trade unionist († 1913 )
• February 23 : Hans von Kahlenberg , German writer († 1957 )
• February 24 : Gustav Kirstein , German publisher († 1934 )
• February 24 : Jules-Géraud Saliège , French clergyman, Archbishop of Toulouse and Cardinal († 1956 )
• February 25 : Jan Sterringa , Dutch theosophist and anarchist († 1951 )
• February 26 : Georg Schlesinger , German businessman († 1942 )
• February 27 : Louis Adolphe Coerne , American composer († 1922 )
• February 28 : Paul Heidelbach , German writer, city archivist, editor and librarian († 1954 )

March

• 0March 3 : Géza Maróczy , Hungarian chess player († 1951 )
• 0March 3 : August Merges , German politician and revolutionary († 1945 )
• 0March 4 : Fausta Labia , Italian opera singer († 1935 )
• 0March 5 : Frank Norris , American writer († 1902 )
• 0March 6 : Oscar Straus , Austrian operetta composer († 1954 )
• 0March 7th : Ernst Leonard Lindelöf , Finnish mathematician († 1946 )
• 0March 8 : Erich Schultz-Ewerth , German colonial official and writer († 1935 )
• March 10 : Eugène Michel Antoniadi , Greek astronomer († 1944 )
• March 10 : William E. Crow , American politician († 1922 )
• March 11 : Louis Bachelier , French mathematician († 1946 )
• March 12 : Christian Portner , Swiss Evangelist († 1951 )
• March 13 : Gaston Arman de Caillavet , French playwright and librettist († 1915 )
• March 13 : Albert Meyer , Swiss politician († 1953 )
• March 14 : Andrés Delgado Pardo , Venezuelan pianist, composer and music teacher († 1940 )
• March 17 : Per Steenberg , Norwegian organist and composer († 1947 )
• March 20 : Arthur Eloesser , German journalist and literary historian († 1938 )
• March 20 : Ernst Lejeune , German businessman and numismatist († 1944 )
• March 20 : Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck , Prussian major general and writer († 1964 )
• March 20 : Oramel H. Simpson , American politician († 1932 )
• March 21 : Heinrich Waentig , German economist († 1943 )
• March 24th : Grigol Tsereteli , Georgian classical philologist († 1938 )
• March 25 : Gustav Knepper , German entrepreneur († 1951 )
• March 25 : Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann , German astronomer († 1964 )
• March 26 : Luigi Sincero , Roman Catholic Cardinal († 1936 )
• March 31 : James M. Cox , American politician († 1957 )
• March 31 : George Holt Thomas , British publisher and aviation pioneer († 1929 )

April

• 0April 2 : Josef Moser , Austrian politician and Federal Councilor († 1952 )
• 0April 4 : Frida Perlen , German pacifist († 1933 )
• 0April 4 : Torii Ryūzō , Japanese anthropologist and archaeologist († 1953 )
• 0April 6 : Oskar Vogt , German brain researcher († 1959 )
• 0April 7 : Gustav Landauer , theorist and activist of German anarchism († 1919 )
• 0April 8 : Sigismond Stojowski , Polish pianist and composer († 1946 )
• April 12 : Jakob Koch , German wrestling world champion († 1918 )
• April 14 : George Sebastian Silzer , American politician († 1940 )

Mina Benson Hubbard

• April 15 : Mina Benson Hubbard , Canadian explorer († 1956 )
• April 17 : Max Berg , German architect († 1947 )
• April 17 : Rudolf Pöch , Austrian ethnographer, anthropologist and researcher († 1921 )
• April 18 : Hermann Schöne , German classical philologist († 1941 )
• April 19 : Kōda Nobu , Japanese violinist, pianist and composer († 1946 )
• April 20 : Angus McLean , American politician († 1935 )

Lenin as a youth (ca.1887)

• April 22nd : Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , Russian politician, revolutionary and Marxist theorist († 1924 )
• April 24 : Otto Reutter , German comedian († 1931 )
• April 28 : Jules Blangenois , Belgian composer and conductor († 1957 )
• April 30 : Homer S. Cummings , American politician († 1956 )

Franz Lehár

• April 30 : Franz Lehár , Austrian composer of Hungarian origin († 1948 )
• April 30 : Wilhelm Nicolaus Dannhof , German bank director and entrepreneur

May

• 0May 1 : Frédéric Pelletier , Canadian music critic, choir director and composer († 1944 )
• 0May 2 : William J. Seymour , US Minister († 1922 )

Juana la Macarrona

• 0May 3 : Juana la Macarrona , actually Juana Vargas de la Hera, Spanish flamenco dancer († 1947 )
• 0May 4 : Hermann Böse , German music teacher († 1943 )
• 0May 5 : Erdmann Graeser , German writer († 1937 )
• 0May 7 : Hans Dominik , German officer († 1910 )
• 0May 7 : Marcus Loew : American pioneer of the film industry († 1927 )
• 0May 9 : Hans Baluschek , German painter, graphic artist and writer († 1935 )
• May 10 : Franz Xaver Müller , Austrian composer, priest and cathedral music director († 1948 )
• May 12 : Guido von Gillhaußen , German officer and war poet († 1918 )
• May 16 : Karel Kašpar , Czech clergyman, Archbishop of Prague and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1941 )
• May 16 : Antonín Slavíček , Czech painter († 1910 )
• May 19 : Victor Beigel , English pianist and singing teacher († 1930 )
• May 20 : Arthur Korn , German physicist and mathematician († 1945 )
• May 22nd : Adolf Zauner , Austrian Romance studies and linguist († 1940 )
• May 24 : Alice Seeley Harris , British missionary and photographer († 1970 )
• May 24 : Ynes Mexia , Mexican-American botanist and explorer († 1938 )
• May 24 : Jan Christiaan Smuts , South African statesman and soldier († 1950 )
• May 24 : Alice Seeley Harris , British missionary and photographer († 1970 )

June

• June 10 : Jeanne Rij-Rousseau , French painter († 1956 )
• June 13 : Antonius Mönch , German auxiliary bishop († 1935 )
• June 13 : Jules Bordet , Belgian biologist and immunologist († 1961 )
• June 13 : Frederick Weygold , American artist and scientist († 1941 )
• June 14th : Sophie of Prussia , wife of Constantine I of Greece († 1932 )
• June 14 : Harry Puddicombe , Canadian music teacher and composer († 1953 )
• June 15 : Maud Barger-Wallach , American tennis player († 1954 )
• June 15 : Antonín Kalina , Czech politician († 1922 )
• June 15 : Ernest Lister , American politician († 1919 )
• June 16 : Levegh , French racing car driver († 1904 )
• June 18 : Hans v. Pezold , German medical officer, sex pedagogue († 1935 )
• June 18 : Johannes Biehle , German professor of physics, bell and organ builder († 1941 )
• June 19 : Willibald Nagel , German physiologist († 1911 )
• June 20 : Georges Dufrénoy , French painter († 1943 )

Clara Forever

• June 21 : Clara Immerwahr , one of the first women to receive a doctorate in Germany († 1915 )
• June 25 : Robert Erskine Childers , Irish author and independence fighter († 1922 )
• June 27 : Georg Schläger , German teacher and folk song researcher († 1921 )

July

• 0July 1 : Ellen Ammann , Swedish-German women's rights activist († 1932 )
• 0July 1 : Inoue Kenkabō , Japanese writer († 1934 )
• 0July 1 : Léonard Misonne , Belgian photographer († 1943 )
• 0July 3 : Richard Bedford Bennett , Canadian politician († 1947 )
• 0July 7th : Reinhold Artmann , German politician († 1960 )
• 0July 7th : Joseph Koeth , German military and politician († 1936 )
• 0July 8 : Gertrud Grunow , German opera singer and pianist († 1944 )
• July 12 : Ludwig II , Prince of Monaco († 1949 )
• July 13 : Eduard Clausnitzer , German theologian, educator and writer. († 1920 )
• July 13 : Georg Hartmann , German manufacturer († 1954 )
• July 17 : Ludvík Vítězslav Čelanský , Czech conductor and composer († 1931 )
• July 20 : Luigi von Kunits , Austrian conductor, composer, violinist and music teacher († 1931 )
• July 21 : Christian Aigens , Danish artist († 1940 )
• July 21 : Adolf Küry , Bishop in Switzerland († 1956 )
• July 21 : Emil Orlik , Bohemian painter, graphic artist and artisan († 1932 )
• July 23 : AJ Georg Howaldt , German shipbuilder, entrepreneur († 1937 )
• July 24th : Wilhelm Keil , wood turner, editor and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany († 1968 )
• July 25 : Carlo Salotti , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1947 )
• July 27 : Hilaire Belloc , English writer († 1953 )
• July 27 : Siegfried von Roedern , German politician of the imperial era († 1954 )
• July 29 : Adachi Mineichirō , Japanese lawyer and diplomat († 1934 )

August

Marianne Weber

• 0August 2 : Marianne Weber , German women's rights activist, sociologist and legal historian († 1954 )
• 0August 4 : Oskar Ameringer , German-American carpenter, musician, editor and politician († 1943 )
• 0August 5 : HB Irving , English actor, theater manager and author († 1919 )

Gustav Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach (1931)

• 0August 7 : Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach , German diplomat, head of the Krupp Group († 1950 )
• 0August 8 : João Itiberê da Cunha , Brazilian composer and music critic († 1953 )
• August 10 : Heinrich Eisenbach , Austrian cabaret artist († 1923 )
• August 14 : Junius Futrell , American politician († 1955 )
• August 15 : Josef Vítězslav Šimák , Czech historian, professor at Charles University († 1941 )
• August 21 : Edmond Malherbe , French composer († 1963 )
• August 22 : Daniel Read Anthony junior , American politician († 1931 )
• August 23 : Friedrich Auerbach , German chemist († 1925 )
• August 27 : Romolo Murri , Italian theologian († 1944 )
• August 27 : Amado Nervo , Mexican writer, journalist and diplomat († 1919 )
• August 28 : Pieter Cornelis Tobias van der Hoeven , Dutch gynecologist († 1953 )
• August 29 : Arnošt Bart-Brězynčanski , Sorbian politician, first Domowina chairman († 1956 )
• August 30 : Lawr Georgievich Kornilov , Russian general († 1918 )

Maria Montessori at the age of ten, 1880

• August 31 : Maria Montessori , Italian doctor, philosopher and philanthropist († 1952 )

September

• 0September 2 : Marie Ault , British actress († 1951 )
• 0September 2 : Wilhelm Männer , German politician († 1923 )

Luise as a child, painted by Georg Decker , 1875

• 0September 2 : Luise of Austria-Tuscany , Archduchess of Austria, Crown Princess of the Kingdom of Saxony († 1947 )
• 0September 2 : Kennerley Rumford , English singer (baritone) († 1957 )
• 0September 5 : Victor Auburtin , German journalist and writer († 1928 )
• September 12 : Carl Arend , German architect († 1938 )
• September 15 : Bruno Donath , German physicist († 1929 )
• September 15 : Rahel Hirsch , German medic († 1953 )
• September 16 : John Pius Boland , Irish lawyer, first Olympic tennis champion († 1958 )
• September 16 : Abraham Mozes Reens , Dutch anarchist († 1930 )
• September 19 : Willem Jan Aalders , Dutch theologian († 1945 )
• September 22nd : Georgette Bréjean-Silver , French opera singer († 1951 )
• September 22 : Charlotte Cooper , English tennis player († 1966 )
• September 23 : Oluf Krag , Danish Minister of the Interior († 1942 )
• September 23 : Georg Langerhans , Mayor of Köpenick († 1918 )
• September 24th : Alfred Wilhelm Anschütz , German surgeon and university professor († 1954 )

Georges Claude, 1926

• September 24 : Georges Claude , French physicist († 1960 )
• September 25 : Paul Arndt , German economist († 1942 )
• September 26 : Erwin Gross , German-Baltic clergyman and Evangelical confessor († 1920 )

The Danish Crown Prince Christian with his mother Louise of Sweden-Norway 1870/71

• September 26 : Christian X. , King of Denmark († 1947 )
• September 27 : Alfred Deutsch-German , Austrian writer, journalist, screenwriter and film director († 1943 )
• September 28 : Florent Schmitt , French composer († 1958 )
• September 30th : Hans Langmaack , German actor, radio play speaker, director, reciter and acting teacher († 1949 )
• September 30th : Jean-Baptiste Perrin , French physicist († 1942 )

October

• 0October 2 : Alfred Cossmann , Austrian engraver and commercial artist († 1951 )
• 0October 2 : Joannes Baptista Sproll , German bishop and opponent of National Socialism († 1949 )
• 0October 2 : Wilhelm Taurit , German-Baltic pastor and Protestant martyr († 1906 )
• 0October 7th : Uncle Dave Macon , American country musician († 1952 )
• 0October 8 : Louis Vierne , French composer and organist († 1937 )
• 0October 8 : Wilhelm Bünger , lawyer and politician, Saxon Prime Minister (1929–1930) († 1937 )
• 0October 9 : Ernst von Dobschütz , German theologian, Privy Consistorial Councilor († 1934 )
• October 10 : Paul Geheeb , German reform pedagogue († 1961 )
• October 10 : Merritt Mechem , American politician († 1946 )
• October 13 : Ben W. Hooper , American politician, Governor of Tennessee († 1957 )
• October 17th : Adelgunde von Bayern , Bavarian princess († 1958 )
• October 18 : August Arteldt , German politician († 1948 )
• October 18 : Josiah Ritchie , English tennis player († 1955 )
• October 22 : Ivan Alexejewitsch Bunin , Russian writer and poet († 1953 )
• October 22 : Johan Ludwig Mowinckel , Norwegian shipowner and politician († 1943 )
• October 24 : Ferdinand Bender , German anarchist and politician († 1939 )
• October 28 : Hans Anetsberger , German portrait and landscape painter († 1942 )
• October 28 : Ladislaus Batthyány-Strattmann , Austrian doctor and member of the noble Batthyánis family († 1931 )
• October 30 : Lawrence Grant , British actor († 1952 )

November

• 0November 1 : Christopher Brennan , Australian poet († 1932 )
• 0November 1 : Santos Cifuentes Rodríguez , Colombian composer († 1932 )
• 0November 2 : Gustav Ricker , German scientist and doctor († 1948 )
• 0November 5 : Johann Peter Arras , German politician († 1939 )
• 0November 5 : Chittaranjan Das , Bengali lawyer and politician of the Indian independence movement († 1925 )
• 0November 6 : Herbert Louis Samuel , British politician and diplomat († 1963 )
• 0November 6 : Karl Janisch , German mechanical engineer and industrial manager († 1946 )
• November 10 : Harlan Carey Brewster , Canadian politician († 1918 )
• November 10 : Michael Rostovtzeff , Russian-American ancient historian († 1952 )
• November 10 : Josephine Siebe , German editor, children's book author († 1941 )
• November 16 : Ambrogio Robecchi , Italian racing cyclist († 1963 )
• November 21 : Alexander Berkman , Lithuanian anarchist and writer († 1936 )
• November 21 : Gottfried Fankhauser , Swiss educator, writer and President of the Evangelical Society († 1962 )
• November 21 : Sigfrid Edström , Swedish entrepreneur and sports official († 1964 )
• November 22nd : Howard Brockway American composer († 1951 )
• November 25 : Maurice Denis , French symbolism painter († 1943 )
• November 27 : Juho Kusti Paasikivi , Finnish politician and President († 1956 )
• November 29 : Enric Prat de la Riba , Spanish politician, the first president of the Mancomunitat de Catalunya († 1917 )
• November 30th : Gertrud Eysoldt , German actress and director († 1955 )

December

• 0December 2 : Sepp Aman , Austrian politician († 1957 )

Rhoda Erdmann (around 1930)

• 0December 5 : Rhoda Erdmann , German biologist and cell researcher († 1935 )
• 0December 5 : Vítězslav Novák , Austrian composer and conductor († 1949 )
• 0December 6th : John George Clark Anderson , British ancient historian and epigraphist († 1952 )
• 0December 9 : William P. Pollock , American politician († 1922 )
• December 10 : Adolf Loos , Austrian architect and architectural theorist († 1933 )
• December 10 : Pierre Louÿs , French writer († 1925 )
• December 10 : Ferdynand Ruszczyc , Polish painter († 1936 )

Karl Renner (around 1905)

• December 14 : Karl Renner , Austrian Federal Chancellor and Federal President († 1950 )
• December 15 : Josef Hoffmann , Austrian architect and designer († 1956 )
• December 15 : Alexander Lion , German doctor and boy scout († 1962 )
• December 15 : Richard McBride , Canadian politician († 1917 )
• December 18 : Arseni Nikolayevich Koreschtschenko , Russian composer († 1921 )
• December 18 : Hector Hugh Munro , British writer († 1916 )
• December 23 : Jessie Tarbox Beals , American press photographer († 1942 )
• December 23 : John Marin , American painter († 1953 )
• December 24th : Rosario Scalero , Italian violinist, music teacher and composer († 1954 )
• December 25 : Helena Rubinstein , American cosmetics entrepreneur († 1965 )
• December 26 : Frank Stephen Meighen , Canadian officer and art patron († 1946 )
• December 27 : Georg Hax , German water diver , water polo player, gymnast and sports official († 1952 )
• December 28 : Charles Bennett , British athlete and Olympic champion († 1948 )
• December 30th : Josef Müller , Swiss hospital priest and collector of folk tales († 1929 )

Exact date of birth unknown

• Helene Arnau , Austrian landscape, portrait and war painter († 1958 )
• Matteo Ceirano , Italian racing car driver and entrepreneur († 1941 )
• Joseph Dumais , Canadian journalist and comedian (year of death unknown)
• Ahmed Hikmet Müftüoğlu , Turkish poet and writer († 1927 )
• Schamram Kelleciyan , Armenian chanson singer († 1955 )
• Berthold Küttner , German rower
• Mihran Mardirossian , Armenian bookseller and publicist († 1936 )
• Magdalene von Prince , German colonialist and plantation owner († 1936 )

Died

January to March

• 0January 9 : George De Lacy Evans , British general (* 1787 )
• 0January 9 : Ole Gabriel Ueland , Norwegian politician (* 1799 )
• January 10 : Heinrich Gottlieb Kühn , German arcanist and director of the Royal Porcelain Manufactory (* 1788 )
• January 11 : Victor Noir , French journalist (* 1848 )
• January 19 : James S. Green , American politician (* 1817 )
• January 25 : Victor de Broglie , French statesman and diplomat (* 1785 )

• 0February 1 : Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angely , French general, Marshal of France (* 1794 )
• 0February 1 : Anton Martin Schweigaard , Norwegian lawyer and politician (* 1808 )
• 0February 3 : Allen Trimble , American politician (* 1783 )
• 0February 7 : Peter T. Washburn , American politician (* 1814 )
• February 25 : Henrik Hertz , Danish writer (* 1798 )

• 0March 1 : Francisco Solano López , Paraguayan President (* 1827 )
• 0March 8 : Karl August Koberstein , German literary historian (* 1797 )
• 0March 9th : Théodore Labarre , French harp virtuoso and composer (* 1805 )
• 0March 9 : Maria Ann Smith , British-Australian fruit farmer (* 1799 )
• March 11th : Moshoeshoe I , Lesothic chief
• March 13 : William F. De Saussure , American lawyer and politician (* 1792 )
• March 15 : Matthäus Friedrich Chemnitz , German lawyer; wrote the lyrics for the Schleswig-Holstein-Lied (* 1815 )
• March 24 : Ferdinand Stadler , Swiss architect (* 1813 )
• March 26 : Pierre Soulé , American politician (* 1801 )

April to June

• 0April 2 : Patrick Gass , American soldier and explorer (* 1771 )
• 0April 3 : Samuel Chappuis , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1809 )
• 0April 3 : Philipp Jaffé , German medievalist and philologist (* 1819 )
• 0April 4 : Heinrich Gustav Magnus , German physicist and chemist (* 1802 )
• 0April 7th : Claude Félix Abel Niepce de Saint-Victor , French chemist, inventor and photographer (* 1805 )
• 0April 8 : Charles-Auguste de Bériot , Belgian violinist, violin teacher and composer (* 1802 )
• April 11 : Justo José de Urquiza , Argentine President (* 1801 )
• April 12 : Ernst Siegfried Mittler , German publisher (* 1785 )
• April 14th : Johann Jacob Achelius , German master glazier (* 1794 )

Emma Willard

• April 15 : Emma Willard , American educator (* 1787 )
• April 16 : Maria Karolina of Naples-Sicily , daughter of King Francis I of Naples (* 1798 )
• April 16 : Johann Wilhelm Neumann , German lawyer, local politician and historian (* 1797 )
• April 22nd : Austin King , American politician (* 1802 )
• April 30th : Václav Levý , Czech sculptor (* 1820 )

• 0May 1 : Gabriel Lamé , French mathematician and physicist (* 1795 )
• 0May 6th : James Young Simpson , Scottish doctor and discoverer of chloroform anesthesia (* 1811 )
• 0May 8 : Iossif Iossifowitsch Charlemagne , Russian architect (* 1824 )
• 0May 9 : Lawrence Brainerd , American politician (* 1794 )
• May 10 : Robert Wilson , American politician (* 1803 )
• May 15 : Harro Harring , German revolutionary, poet and painter (* 1798 )
• May 25 : Richard Stockton Field , American politician (* 1803 )
• May 26th : Thomas Dickens Arnold , American politician (* 1798 )
• May 29 : Karl Friedrich Ameis , German classical philologist (* 1811 )
• May 30th : Charles Duncan Cameron , British officer and consul in Abyssinia (* 1825 )
• May 30th : Gustave Vogt , French oboist, music teacher and composer (* 1781 )
• May 31 : Johann Caspar Kummer , German flautist, composer and music teacher (* 1795 )

• 0June 2 : Carl von Hügel , German-Austrian diplomat, traveler, natural scientist and hortologist (* 1796 )
• 0June 8 : Johann Gottlob Töpfer , German organist, composer and theoretician of organ building (* 1791 )

Charles Dickens

• 0June 9 : Charles Dickens , English writer (* 1812 )
• June 18 : Karl Eduard Vehse , German historian (* 1802 )
• June 20 : Jules de Goncourt , French writer (* 1830 )
• June 23 : Joseph Halstead Anderson , American politician (* 1800 )
• June 24 : Adam Lindsay Gordon , Australian poet (* 1833 )

July to September

• 0July 3 : Alfred von Auerswald , Prussian General Landscape Director and Minister of the Interior (* 1797 )
• 0July 5 : Bernhard Karl Wyss , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor (* 1793 )
• July 13 : Johan Fredrik Eckersberg , Norwegian national romantic painter (* 1822 )
• July 13 : Clelia Barbieri , Italian founder of the order (* 1847 )
• July 16 : George Ashmun , American politician (* 1804 )
• July 20 : Albrecht von Graefe , German ophthalmologist (* 1828 )
• July 22nd : Josef Strauss , Austrian composer and conductor (* 1827 )
• July 28 : Bernhard Dunker , Norwegian lawyer and political author (* 1809 )

• 0August 3 : Pompejus Bolley , German chemist (* 1812 )
• 0August 7 : Franziska Cornet , German opera singer (* 1808 )
• August 10 : Joséphine Fodor -Mainvielle, French opera singer (* 1789 or 1793 )
• August 10 : Jules Pierre Rambur , French doctor and entomologist (* 1801 )
• August 14 : David Glasgow Farragut , American naval officer in the Civil War (* 1801 )
• August 15 : Charles Jean Jacques Joseph Ardant du Picq , French colonel (* 1821 )
• August 16 : Jules Léotard , French artist (* 1838 )
• August 21 : Andrew J. Applegate , American politician (* 1833 )
• August 21 : Franz von Brandis , German forester and Hessian politician (* 1792 )
• August 21 : Gustav Struve , German politician, lawyer, publicist and revolutionary from 1848/49 (* 1805 )
• August 31 : John F. Appleton , American lawyer and general (* 1838 )

• 0September 1 : Charles-Joseph de Flahaut , French general and politician (* 1785 )
• 0September 1 : Joseph Anton von Maffei , German industrialist, railway manufacturer (* 1790 )
• 0September 1 : Otto Wigand , German publisher and politician (* 1795 )
• 0September 6 : Cowper Phipps Coles , British engineer and naval officer (* 1819 )

Louise Lehzen

• 0September 9th : Louise Lehzen , German governess and educator (* 1784 )
• September 12 : Carl August von Steinheil , German physicist (* 1801 )

Amalie of Saxony

• September 18 : Amalie von Sachsen , German composer and writer (* 1794 )
• September 20 : John Brinckman , Low German writer (* 1814 )
• September 23 : Prosper Mérimée , French writer (* 1803 )

October to December

• 0October 6 : Heinrich Arnold Huyssen , German industrialist and politician (* 1779 )
• 0October 6 : Augustus Matthiessen , British chemist and physicist (* 1831 )
• 0October 6 : Johann Andreas Schubert , German civil engineer (* 1808 )
• 0October 7th : Mario Mattei , Cardinal Dean (* 1792 )
• 0October 9 : Peregrin Teuschl , Austro-Hungarian master stonemason (* 1822)
• October 10 : Mordecai Bartley , American politician (* 1783 )
• October 12 : Robert Edward Lee , American general (* 1807 )
• October 14 : Karl Twesten , German politician and lawyer (* 1820 )
• October 20 : Michael William Balfe , Irish composer and singer (* 1808 )
• October 24th : Antonius Maria Claret , Spanish bishop and founder of the order (* 1807 )
• October 26th : Thomas Anderson , Scottish botanist (* 1832 )

• 0November 1 : Frederick Chamier , English writer (* 1796 )
• November 23 : John Hopkins Clarke , American politician (* 1789 )
• November 24th : Comte de Lautréamont , French writer (* 1846 )
• November 28th : Frédéric Bazille , French painter (* 1841 )

Alexandre Dumas the Elder, 1855

• 0December 5 : Alexandre Dumas , French writer (* 1802 )
• 0December 5 : Herman Severin Løvenskiold , Norwegian composer (* 1815 )
• 0December 8th : Max Emanuel Ainmiller , German architecture and glass painter (* 1807 )
• December 12th : August von Voit , German architect (* 1801 )
• December 22nd : Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer , Spanish writer (* 1836 )
• December 28 : Wilson Lumpkin , American politician (* 1783 )
• December 28 : Georg Karl von Seuffert , German lawyer (* 1800 )

Exact date of death unknown

• Caterina Barili , Italian opera singer (date of birth unknown)
• Alphonse Gilbert , French composer and organist (* 1805 )
• Jacques-François Ochard , French painter (* 1800 )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Freiburg newspaper of June 10, 1870
2. ^ Albert Kuntzemüller : The Baden Railways in the Franco-German War 1870/71 in: Report of the Realgymnasium with Realschule Mannheim, Lessing School - school year 1913/14 , Masur, Mannheim 1914, p. 39

Web links

Commons : 1870  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files