October 22nd

The October 22 is the 295th day of the Gregorian calendar (the 296th in leap years ), thus remain 70 days by year end.

Historic anniversaries
September · October · November

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8th	9	10	11	12	13	14th
15th	16	17th	18th	19th	20th	21st
22nd	23	24	25th	26th	27	28
29	30th	31

Events

Politics and world events

1383 : Ferdinand I , the last Portuguese ruler of the House of Burgundy, dies . Since he leaves no male offspring, his widow takes over the reign. It is overthrown by a revolution after six weeks , and power struggles break out as a result.
1557 : The boundary between the Prince Diocese of Osnabrück and the County of Ravensberg in the area of the village of Büscherheide is finally determined.
1617 : In Uppsala Cathedral is Gustav II Adolf. Of Sweden king crowned . He has ruled the country since 1611.
1633 : In the Ottoman-Polish War , Poland-Lithuania's troops celebrate an unexpected victory over the retreating Ottoman army at Kamieniec Podolski .
1708 : Prince Eugene of Savoy and the Duke of Marlborough take the fortress of Lille during the War of the Spanish Succession .

1836: Sam Houston

1836 : Sam Houston becomes the first president of the independent Republic of Texas .

1859 : Spain declares Morocco to war after Rif -Bewohner previously repeatedly invaded the Spanish possessions.

1861 : The Pony Express is discontinued after only one and a half years.

1873 : In Schönbrunn Palace , Kaiser Wilhelm I for Germany, Emperor Franz Joseph I for Austria-Hungary and Tsar Alexander II for Russia sign the Three Emperor Agreement , which aims to isolate France.

1885 : In the dispute between Germany and Spain over sovereignty over the Carolines , Pope Leo XIII , who acts as arbitrator by mutual agreement, decides . in favor of Spain.

1904: The location of the Dogger Bank

1904 : Shortly after midnight, on the way to the battlefields of the Russo-Japanese War near the Dogger Bank in the North Sea, the Russian fleet shoots at English fishing boats, which they mistake for Japanese torpedo boats. Relations between Britain and Russia are severely strained by the Doggerbank incident .

1940 : During the Wagner-Bürckel campaign , over 6,000 German Jews are deported by the National Socialists to the Camp de Gurs camp in France.

1943 : A bomb attack on Kassel by the Royal Air Force in World War II destroys large parts of the city and kills around 7,000 people.

1946 : Around 2,100 scientists and specialists from the Soviet occupation zone are brought to the Soviet Union with their families for reparation payments ( Operation Ossawakim ).

1947 : Beginning of the First Kashmir War : Pashtun tribal warriors penetrate from Pakistan into the principality of Kashmir, which is claimed by both Pakistan and India .

1948 : Walter Ulbricht declares the Oder-Neisse border between Germany and Poland to be final.

1953 : King Sisavang Vong of Laos unilaterally proclaims full independence of the country from France.

1957 : François Duvalier takes office as President of Haiti ; he will rule the country increasingly dictatorially until the end of his life.

1962 : US President John F. Kennedy announces a blockade of air and shipping traffic to the island after the discovery of Soviet missile launch bases in Cuba in the beginning of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

1962 : Colonel Oleg Penkowski is arrested in the Soviet Union for espionage for the United States and Great Britain.

1968 : With the Gun Control Act , US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs one of the most important federal gun control laws in the USA.

1970 : The commander-in-chief of the Chilean armed forces, René Schneider , is seriously wounded in a CIA-controlled attack . He dies in the hospital three days later.

1971 : While trying to arrest the RAF member Margrit Schiller , the German police officer Norbert Schmid is shot - presumably by Gerhard Müller . He is the Red Army faction's first murder victim.

1973 : In resolution 338, the United Nations Security Council calls on all those involved in the Yom Kippur War to cease fighting. A ceasefire comes into force on the northern front between Israel and Syria .

1983 : gather over a million people located in Hamburg, West Berlin, Bonn and form a 108 km long human chain from Stuttgart to Ulm to peace and disarmament and against the deployment of new medium-range nuclear missiles as part of the NATO double decision to demonstrate . It is the climax of the West German peace movement . (see also: Hot Autumn ).

1986 : In the Solange II decision, the Federal Constitutional Court recognizes sufficient protection of fundamental rights by the European Court of Justice . This affects the admissibility of constitutional complaints in Germany.

1989 : The agreement on the political reorganization of Lebanon passed in the Saudi Arabian Taif marks the end of the civil war that has been going on since 1975 .

1990 : Turkmenistan declares its sovereignty from the dissolved Soviet Union .

1999 : Maurice Papon , a representative of the Vichy regime in France during World War II and responsible for the gunshots shot at Algerian protesters in Paris in 1961, begins his prison sentence for crimes against humanity .

2000 : After a military coup took place in the previous year , free presidential elections are held again in Ivory Coast , but the main opposition candidate, Alassane Ouattara, is not allowed to participate. The election victory of the opposition leader Laurent Gbagbo is not recognized by the military government under Robert Guéï .

2009 : The new Greek Deputy Security Minister Spiros Vougias visits the Pagani refugee camp on the island of Lesbos . He compares the camp to Dante's hell , asks the people in the camp for forgiveness and has it closed.

economy

1963 : The member states of the Council for Mutual Economic Aid introduce the transfer ruble as the accounting currency in an agreement .

2009 : Microsoft releases the Windows 7 operating system , the successor to Windows Vista .

science and technology

1746 : The College of New Jersey is founded, from which Princeton University develops.

1797 : André-Jacques Garnerin completed his first parachute jump from a hot air balloon over the Parc Monceau in Paris .

1811 : A decree by Napoleon Bonaparte closes the University of Harderwijk in the Netherlands .

1845 : The first railway line in the Kingdom of Württemberg between Cannstatt and Untertürkheim is opened.

1938 : Chester Carlson succeeds in making the first photocopy of an original in a laboratory near New York.

1950 : The German University for Physical Culture ( DHfK ) is founded in Leipzig .

1968: The Apollo 7 crew

1959 : Contact with the Soviet lunar probe Lunik 3 breaks off.
1968 : After 163 orbits the Earth, Apollo 7 watered safely in the Atlantic with astronauts Walter Schirra , Donn Eisele and Walter Cunningham on board.
1975 : The Soviet space probe Venera 9 lands on the planet Venus and transmits the first images of the planet's surface.
2001 : The German BIRD - satellite is in its orbit brought. He can detect fires on earth through infrared radiation .

2005: Tropical storm Alpha

2005 : Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Caribbean . Alpha is the 22nd named system in the 2005 hurricane season , surpassing the previous record of 1933.

2010 : The foundation stone for the German-Turkish University is laid in Istanbul in the presence of the German Federal President Christian Wulff and the Turkish President Abdullah Gül .

Culture

1725 : The world premiere of the Singspiel Die Hamburger Schlacht-Zeit, or The Unsuccessful Fraud by Reinhard Keizer, takes place at the Theater am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg.
1785 : Donatien Alphonse François de Sade begins writing the partly sketchy novel The 120 Days of Sodom , which he completes in 37 days.

1883: The old Metropolitan Opera House

1883 : The Metropolitan Opera in New York City opens with Charles Gounod's opera Faust (English: Margarete ) .

1904 : With BZ am Mittag , the first German tabloid newspaper appears on the street in Berlin .

1919 : The Richard Strauss opera Die Frau ohne Schatten premieres in Dresden.

1959 : The anti-war film Die Brücke by Bernhard Wicki is premiered.

1961 : The first broadcast of music from Studio B with Chris Howland as the record presenter is broadcast on German TV ( ARD ) .

1962 : The world premiere of the opera L'opéra d'Aran ( The Opera from the Isle of Aran ) by Gilbert Bécaud takes place in Paris.

1964 : Jean-Paul Sartre rejects the Nobel Prize for Literature that had been awarded to him .

1969 : Led Zeppelin II , the second album by Led Zeppelin , is released.

1979 : The rock churches of Ivanovo in Bulgaria are declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO .

1982 : First Blood ( Rambo ) hits cinemas in the USA .

1985 : In the ZDF , the first installment in the series is The Black Forest Clinic broadcast.

1987 : The world premiere of John Adams ' opera Nixon in China at the Houston Grand Opera , Texas .

religion

1303 : Niccolo di Boccasio is named Benedict XI. elected pope.

1630 : The Venetian Doge vows to the Virgin Mary that a church will be built when the plague that has been raging in Venice for a year will end . When the epidemic ended shortly afterwards, his promise was kept and the church of Santa Maria della Salute was built.

1844 : The return of Jesus Christ expected by the Miller movement does not materialize . Disappointed followers later found the Seventh-day Adventists .

1848: Artist's impression of the assembly of bishops

1848 : The first "Assembly of German Bishops " begins in Würzburg , these meetings are later renamed the German Bishops' Conference .

1922: Benedictine Abbey of St. Matthias

1922 : The Benedictine Abbey of St. Matthias in Trier is re-consecrated as an abbey and occupied by Benedictine monks.
1978 : John Paul II is enthroned as Pope .
1991 : Bartholomew I is elected Archbishop of Constantinople and Ecumenical Patriarch by the twelve Metropolitans of the Holy Synod.
2000 : Richard Fehr , then Chief Apostle and international President of the New Apostolic Church , ordains Leslie Latorcai as District Apostle and therefore President of the New Apostolic Church Canada . A total of 2.5 million New Apostolic Christians are entrusted to him for pastoral care.

Disasters

1707 : When four ships of a squadron of the Royal Navy under Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell are stranded in the Isles of Scilly due to navigation errors, over 1,600 people are killed, only 26 survive.

1877 : In Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, 215 people lose their lives in a coal mine accident .

1895: The accident at Gare Montparnasse

1895 : A woman is killed and six other people are injured in a spectacular train accident at Montparnasse station in Paris.
1940 : After colliding with a cargo ship, the Canadian destroyer Margaree sinks in the North Atlantic. 140 people die in the process.
2005 : A Boeing 737 of the Nigerian airline Bellview Airlines crashes shortly after taking off from Lagos . All 111 passengers and the six crew members are dead.

Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .

Sports

1936 : The entrepreneur Willi Münstermann founds the Krefelder EV to promote ice hockey in the city. He hires professional players from Canada, the so-called German Canadians , to stand up to strong opponents.
2006 : Fernando Alonso secured his second world championship in a row with a second place in the last race of the Formula 1 season .
2012 : Because of doping deprives the world cycling federation UCI the Americans Lance Armstrong all after 1 August 1998, won titles, including seven overall victories at the Tour de France , and locks him up for life.

Entries of athletics world records can be found under the respective discipline under athletics .

Born

Before the 17th century

around 700 : Willibald von Eichstätt , first bishop of Eichstätt
1071 : William IX. , Duke of Aquitaine
1197 : Juntoku , Japanese emperor
1511 : Erasmus Reinhold , German astronomer and mathematician
1539 : Luigi Gonzaga , Duke of Nevers and Duke of Rethel
1565 : Benedikt Carpzov the Elder , German professor of law
1582 : Francisco Piccolomini , Italian Superior General of the Jesuit Order
1583 : Laurens Reael , Dutch Admiral and Governor General of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Southeast Asia
1587 : Joachim Jungius , German mathematician, physicist and philosopher
1588 : Hans Jakob Zörnlin , Swiss officer in foreign service and civil servant
1591 : Alfonso III. d'Este , Duke of Modena and Reggio
1592 : Gustaf Horn , Swedish general

17th and 18th centuries

1605 : Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne , Duke of Bouillon, French general
1623 : Severus Christoph Olpius , German moral philosopher and Lutheran theologian
1639 : Caspar Hermann Sandhagen , German theologian
1642 : Rudolph Wilhelm Krause the Younger , German medic
1659 : Georg Ernst Stahl , German chemist, metallurgist and physician
1678 : Johann Philipp Harrach , Austrian Field Marshal and President of the Court War Council
1687 : Anton Ulrich , Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
1688 : Nadir Shah , Shah of Persia and founder of the Afsharid dynasty

Nadir Shah (* 1688)

1689 : John V , King of Portugal
1697 : Catharina Amalia von Schlegel , German hymn poet
1700 : Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans , French nobleman and Duchess of Modena
1701 : Maria Amalia of Austria , Electress of Bavaria and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire
1708 : Ludwig Günther II , Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
1712 : Johann Gottfried Heinitz , German teacher and hymn poet
1722 : Gotthilf Friedemann Löber , German Protestant clergyman and teacher
1729 : Johann Reinhold Forster , German naturalist
1733 : Johann George von Schütz , Prussian civil servant
1745 : Benedikt Maria von Werkmeister , German Roman Catholic theologian
1751 : Nathanael Gottfried Leske , German naturalist
1751 : Karl Friedrich Zepernick , German jurist and judge
1761 : Wulf Christopher von Ahlefeldt , master of Gut Deutsch-Lindau and Königsförde
1761 : Antoine Barnave , French politician
1771 : Karl Joseph von Aulock , German titular bishop
1785 : Adam von Faßmann , German pharmacist and politician
1790 : Jan Ackersdijck , Dutch lawyer, statistician and economist
1796 : Achille Etna Michallon , French landscape painter
1797 : Jakob Adam , Swiss politician and lawyer

19th century

1801-1850

1803 : Elisabeth Grube , German poet and writer
1809 : Federico Ricci , Italian composer
1811 : Franz Liszt , pianist and composer

Franz Liszt (* 1811)

1818 : Charles Leconte de Lisle , French poet
1837 : Benjamin Butterworth , American politician

August zu Eulenburg (* 1838)

1838 : August zu Eulenburg , Prussian general and minister
1844 : Sarah Bernhardt , French actress

Sarah Bernhardt (* 1844)

1844 : Louis Riel , Canadian rebel and politician, leader of the Métis
1845 : Edmund Reitter , German entomologist, non-fiction author and businessman

1851-1900

1852 : Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn , Austrian writer and theater director
1858 : Auguste Viktoria , German Empress
1859 : Karl Muck , German conductor
1865 : Otto Antoine , German commercial artist and vedute painter
1869 : Josef Ettlinger , German journalist and literary historian
1869 : Oskar Hergt , German politician

Ivan Bunin (* 1870)

1870 : Ivan Bunin , Russian writer, poet and translator, Nobel Prize winner
1872 : Alessio Ascalesi , Archbishop of Naples and Cardinal
1875 : Harriet Chalmers Adams , American explorer
1875 : Harry Walden , German actor
1876 : Karl Borromäus Adam , German theologian and dogmatist
1876 : Fiddlin 'Sam Long , old-time American musician
1877 : Fritz Danner , German gymnast
1878 : Carl Otto Czeschka , Austrian-German graphic artist and painter
1880 : Patápio Silva , Brazilian flautist, guitarist and composer
1880 : Jan van Beek , Dutch football player
1881 : Clinton Davisson , American physicist, Nobel Prize winner
1881 : Johannes Freumbichler , native Austrian writer
1883 : Hugo Wast , Argentine writer
1885 : Giovanni Martinelli , Italian opera singer (tenor)
1888 : Renzo Bracesco , Italian composer and music teacher
1891 : Kurt Hickethier , German doctor
1891 : Otto Sommer , German politician
1893 : Ernst Julius Öpik , Estonian astronomer
1896 : Oscar L. Chapman , American politician
1896 : Earle C. Clements , American politician
1898 : William Quindt , German journalist and writer
1899 : Otto Krayer , German doctor and pharmacologist
1900 : John Sherman , American politician, MP, Senator, Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury
1900 : Edward Stettinius Jr. , American politician, Secretary of State
1900 : Karl Walz , German politician, Member of the Bundestag
1900 : Paul Wittmann , Romanian German church musician and composer

20th century

1901-1925

1901 : Jakob Annasohn , Swiss Chief of Staff
1901 : Gustav Scheck , German flautist and director of the Freiburg University of Music
1903 : George Beadle , American biologist
1903 : Curly Howard , American comedian ( The Three Stooges )
1904 : Constance Bennett , American actress
1905 : Paul Arma , French composer, ethnomusicologist and pianist
1905 : Manuel Ferreira , Argentine football player
1906 : Kees van Baaren , Dutch composer and teacher
1906 : Fritz Cremer , German sculptor
1907 : Emilie Schindler , wife of Oskar Schindler, Righteous Among the Nations
1907 : Jimmie Foxx , American baseball player and manager
1908 : Zygmund Przemyslaw Rondomanski , American composer
1909 : Käte van Tricht , German organist, pianist, harpsichordist and music teacher
1910 : Bruno Balscheit , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor
1911 : Willi Aengevelt , German real estate agent
1913 : Robert Capa , American photographer
1913 : Bảo Đại , last emperor of Vietnam
1914 : Kurt Laqueur , German diplomat
1913 : Hans-Peter Tschudi , Swiss politician
1916 : Erwin Ammann , German politician
1916 : Fanita English , American psychoanalyst
1917 : Joan Fontaine , American film actress
1917 : John Tolan , American racing car driver
1918 : LG McKinley , American blues guitarist
1918 : Paul Edwin Roth , German actor
1919 : Morris Janowitz , American sociologist and political scientist

Doris Lessing (* 1919)

1919 : Doris Lessing , British writer and Nobel Prize winner
1920 : Timothy Leary , American psychologist
1921 : Georges Brassens , French chansonnier
1921 : Herbert Gruhl , German politician and environmentalist
1921 : Franz Seitz , German film producer, film director and screenwriter
1922 : Sebastian Auer , Austrian technician and inventor
1922 : Eugen Dietrich Graue , German law scholar and university professor
1922 : Tadeusz Machl , Polish composer, organist and music teacher
1923 : Pete Pihos , American football player
1923 : Bert Trautmann , German football player
1924 : Annemarie in der Au , German writer
1924 : Gerhard Ritzberger , Austrian politician
1925 : Willy Potthoff , German reform pedagogue
1925 : Robert Rauschenberg , American painter

1926-1950

1926 : Nikolaus Senn , Swiss bank manager
1928 : Hans-Jacob Krümmel , German business economist and university lecturer
1929 : Roger Fournier , Canadian writer and film director
1929 : Lev Yashin , Soviet goalkeeper
1929 : Eilert Tantzen , German forester, local historian, conservationist and politician
1932 : Afewerk Tekle , Ethiopian artist
1934 : Julio Jiménez , Spanish cyclist
1935 : Thérèse Brenet , French composer and music teacher
1936 : Jacques Berndorf , German writer and journalist
1936 : Rolf Gleiter , German chemist
1937 : Elaine Hatfield , American psychologist and sexologist
1937 : Manos Loïzos , Greek composer
1937 : Tadeáš Salva , Slovak composer
1938 : Derek Jacobi , British actor
1938 : Christopher Lloyd , American actor
1938 : Claus Hipp , German entrepreneur and artist
1939 : Joaquim Alberto Chissano , Mozambican independence fighter and president
1939 : George Cohen , English football player
1940 : José Colángelo , Argentine tango pianist and composer
1941 : Max Apple , American novelist and screenwriter
1941 : Dietrich Austermann , German politician
1942 : Annette Funicello , American singer
1943 : Blas Emilio Atehortúa , Colombian composer
1943 : Catherine Deneuve , French film actress
1943 : Urszula Dudziak , Polish jazz singer
1943 : Hans Hartz , German singer and songwriter
1943 : Robert Long , Dutch songwriter
1943 : Wolfgang Thierse , German politician, member of the Volkskammer, Member of the Bundestag, President of the Bundestag
1944 : Hansjürgen Hürrig , German actor
1944 : Doris Kunstmann , German film actress
1945 : Leslie West , American musician
1947 : Haley Barbour , American politician
1947 : Richard Piper , British racing car driver
1948 : Håkon Austbø , Norwegian pianist and university professor
1948 : Andy Holden , British obstacle and cross-country runner
1949 : Agustinus Agus , Indonesian bishop
1949 : Butch Goring , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1949 : Joël Gouhier , French racing car driver
1949 : Manfred Trojahn , German composer
1949 : Arsène Wenger , French football coach

1951-1975

1952 : Jeff Goldblum , American actor
1952 : Yoshiki Tanaka , Japanese writer
1953 : Johannes Nollé , German ancient historian, epigraphist and numismatist
1955 : Bill Condon , American film director and screenwriter
1955 : John Graham , Canadian racing car driver
1956 : Jun Aoki , Japanese architect
1957 : Virgil Donati , Australian drummer
1958 : Stefan Gwildis , German musician
1958 : Johnny Unser , American racing driver and motorsport official
1959 : Stefan Kurt , Swiss actor
1960 : Harri Toivonen , Finnish racing car driver
1961 : D'Gary , Malagasy guitarist
1962 : Manuel Rodrigues , French racing car driver
1962 : Kjetil Saunes , Norwegian jazz musician
1962 : Sabine Urig , German actress
1963 : Brian Boitano , American figure skater
1964 : Lionel Abelanski , French actor
1964 : Craig Levein , Scottish football player and coach
1964 : Dražen Petrović , Croatian basketball player
1965 : Evelyn Adunka , Austrian historian and publicist
1965 : Winfried Bausback , German university professor and politician
1965 : Johann-Georg Jaeger , German politician, MdL
1965 : Alison Louise Kennedy , British writer
1966 : Yuri Jakowlewitsch Arbachakov , Russian boxer
1967 : Christophe Bourret , French racing driver and entrepreneur
1967 : Ulrike Maier , Austrian ski racer
1968 : Shaggy , Jamaican reggae pop musician
1968 : Ryūji Umeda , Japanese carom player and world champion
1969 : Florian Leis-Bendorff , German musician
1969 : Spike Jonze , American director
1969 : Helmut Lotti , Belgian singer
1970 : Manuel Mota , Portuguese jazz and improvisation guitarist
1971 : Philippe Askenazy , French economist
1971 : José Manuel Martínez , Spanish athlete
1971 : Shamo Quaye , Ghanaian soccer player
1972 : Jacek Będzikowski , Polish handball player and coach
1972 : Saffron Burrows , British actress
1973 : Christian von Aster , German writer, director and screenwriter
1973 : Ichirō Suzuki , Japanese baseball player
1974 : Timo Uster , German-Gambian football player
1975 : Míchel Salgado , Spanish football player
1975 : Steve Vermaut , Belgian cyclist

1976-2000

1976 : Alexander Viktorovich Abbot , Russian figure skater

1976 : Luke Adams , Australian walker

1977 : Gabriele Gardel , Swiss racing car driver

1977 : Grit Jurack , German handball player

1978 : Christoffer Andersson , Swedish football player

1979 : Tony Denman , American actor

1983 : Mohammad Zuhair Abu-Libdeh , Jordanian Taekwondoin

1983 : Plan B , British hip hop, soul musician and actor

1983 : Stephan Sigg , Swiss theologian and author

1985 : Thomas Lechner , Austrian soccer player

1985 : Barbara Leibssle-Balogh , Hungarian handball player

1986 : Murat Akın , Belgian-Turkish football player

1986 : Laure Boulleau , French soccer player

1986 : Cordula Busack , German soccer and handball player

1986 : Kara Lang , Canadian soccer player

1986 : Johannes Stuck , Austrian racing driver

1986 : Stefanie Karg , German volleyball player

1986 : Lemawork Ketema , Austrian marathon runner of Ethiopian origin

1987 : Eerik Aps , Estonian wrestler

1987 : Mikkel Hansen , Danish handball player

1987 : Park Ha-seon , South Korean actress

1989 : JPEGMAFIA , American rapper and record producer

1990 : David Blacha , Polish football player

1990 : Jonathan Lipnicki , American actor

1992 : 21 Savage , American musician of Dominican descent

1992 : Sofia Vassilieva , American actress

21st century

2003 : Ethan Munck , American film actor

Died