1722
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Calendar overview 1722
1722 | |
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In the cathedral of Reims the twelve-year-old Louis XV. anointed king of France . | Bartholomew Roberts , last of the great pirate captains , is killed in a sea battle. |
The Dutchman Jakob Roggeveen is the first European to land on Easter Island . |
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1722 in other calendars | |
Armenian calendar | 1170/71 (turn of the year July) |
Ethiopian calendar | 1714/15 (turn of the year 10/11 September) |
Bengali solar calendar | 1127/1128 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
Buddhist calendar | 2265/66 (southern Buddhism); 2264/65 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
Chinese calendar | 73rd (74th) cycle
Year of the water tiger壬寅 ( at the beginning of the year metal buffalo 辛丑) |
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1084/85 (turn of the year April) |
Dangun era (Korea) | 4055/56 (October 2/3) |
Iranian calendar | 1100/01 |
Islamic calendar | 1134/35 (turn of the year October 11th / 12th) |
Jewish calendar | 5482/83 (September 11-12) |
Coptic Calendar | 1438/39 (September 10-11) |
Malayalam calendar | 897/898 |
Seleucid era | Babylon: 2032/33 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2033/34 (turn of the year October) |
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1778/79 (turn of the year April) |
events
Politics and world events
France
- June 15: The French residence moves back to Versailles . After the death of Louis XIV in 1715, the seat of government was temporarily relocated to Paris.
- August 12: François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy , educator of the underage King Louis XV. However, who was never able to develop a closer relationship with him, was arrested on the orders of the regent Philippe II. de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans , and banished to his estate in Villeroy. Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury takes over the further instruction of the young king.
- October 25th: In the cathedral of Reims the twelve year old Louis XV. anointed king of France . Contrary to tradition, the people have no access to the cathedral.
- Cardinal Guillaume Dubois is promoted to Ministre principal (First Minister).
Central Europe
- June 9th: Pope Innocent XIII. enfeoffed Emperor Karl VI. with the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily , which he had exchanged with the House of Savoy for Sardinia two years earlier . Since then, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies has been spoken of informally .
- August 24th: 12 days after the death of Giovanni II. Cornaro , Alvise Mocenigo III. elected to succeed him as Doge of Venice .
Russia / Persia
- February 4th: The ukase for the ranking table created under the influence of Peter I is published in Russia and comes into force six days later. It is used to structure the state career system that will apply until the October Revolution .
- February: Peter I enacts a new law of succession to the throne, according to which the reigning monarch can freely determine his heir to the throne.
- March to October: The Pashtun Ghilzai under Mir Mahmud Hotaki from the Hotaki dynasty besiege the Persian capital Isfahan . On October 23, Sultan Hosein from the Safavid dynasty abdicated and recognized Mahmud as the new Shah . However, Hosein's son Tahmasp , who left the city in June, collects new troops in Azerbaijan and Māzandarān, which he subordinates to his confidante Nadir .
- from July: Peter I undertakes a combined land and naval enterprise against Persia . On July 29th, the fleet commanded by Fyodor Matveyevich Apraxin leaves Astrakhan. On August 23, the landed army captured Derbent in the south of Dagestan . When a storm destroyed the supply ships, the main army returned to Astrakhan in October, a commando company drove to the south bank of the Caspian Sea and captured Rasht in December . A planned union with the troops of Wachtang VI. of Georgia , which hopes to shake off the Persian suzerainty of the Safavids , does not take place.
- November: The Caspian Flotilla is set up in Astrakhan .
Empire of China
- December 20: The Chinese Emperor Kangxi from the Qing Dynasty dies. On the death bed, he declares his fourth son, Yinzhen, to be his successor. So far, he has occasionally taken over the reign when his father was absent.
- Because of contentious disputes about its interpretation, the Chinese Empire terminates the Treaty of Nerchinsk , signed with Russia in 1689, and closes the border that was previously the scene of intensive trade.
Other events in Asia
- After the death of the Portuguese-friendly Domingo da Costa , Francisco da Hornay II becomes captain general of the Topasse on the Lesser Sunda Islands . He is hostile to the Portuguese colonial rulers and allies himself with the Timorese tribes who have formed the Cailaco rebellion . He begins to besiege the newly arrived Portuguese governor António de Albuquerque Coelho in the colonial capital of Lifau .
North American colonies
- July 25th: Silly war between Great Britain and France and their allied tribes in the North American colonies begins. It was triggered by retaliation by the Abenaki for a British attack on their village when they tried to arrest the French missionary Sébastien Rasles , who had called on the Indians to resist the expansion of the British colonies. During the war, scalp premiums are suspended for the first time .
- First Natchez War against the French in North America.
- La Nouvelle-Orléans becomes the capital of the French colony Louisiana .
Other events around the world
- February 10: Bartholomew Roberts , last of the great pirate captains , is fatally wounded in a sea battle with the HMS Swallow under Captain Ogle on board his ship Royal Fortune . His corpse was handed over to the sea with all weapons and jewelry during the fight, and his crew was taken prisoner. The “ golden age ” of piracy is drawing to a close.
- April 5: The Dutch admiral Jakob Roggeveen lands on Easter Sunday with three ships as the first European on Easter Island on his circumnavigation of the world . Carl Friedrich Behrens from Mecklenburg also took part in this expedition , whose report, published in Leipzig in 1735, drew Europe's attention to the hitherto unknown island.
business
- March 26th: With the laying of the foundation stone of the half-timbered building with two floors in Potsdam, the story of the Royal Prussian rifle factory begins , which will exist until 1918.
- December: Emperor Karl VI. founds the Ostend company for sea trade with the East Indies .
- The insurance company Provinzial-Feuer-Sozietät is founded.
- The future Geismann Fürth brewery is founded.
- The bell founder Johann Christoph Rose moves from Oßmannstedt to Apolda and establishes the bell foundry there in Apolda .
- Gottfried Eckart founds the House of Books in Königsberg .
- Johann Daniel Epinius founds a vinegar brewery in Berlin. 110 years later it becomes the food manufacturer Carl Kühne .
science and technology
- In Munich, the Parnassus Boicus or Der bayerische Musenberg is founded, a Munich learned society that publishes the Parnassus Boicus, an educational journal in Upper German . With the Deutsche Acta Eruditorum published since 1712, this is one of the first scientific journals in the German language.
Culture
Architecture and fine arts
- That of John Vanbrugh for John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough , designed Blenheim Palace at Woodstock in the county of Oxfordshire is completed.
- Fredensborg Palace on Zealand , designed by Johan Cornelius Krieger on behalf of the Danish King Friedrich IV. , Will be completed after two years of construction. It is considered an example of the Nordic baroque .
- around 1722: The picture cycle Babenhausen Dance of Death in the cemetery chapel of St. Maria in Babenhausen is created. It consists of seven pictures on both gallery parapets. The painter is not known. Copper engravings from a work by the Roman Catholic preacher Abraham a Sancta Clara serve as a template for the dance of death .
literature
- Daniel Defoe publishes the fictional report, The Plague of London, about the Great Plague of 1665.
- The novel (The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous) Moll Flanders by Daniel Defoe appears. In the form of a first-person narration, he describes the life of Moll Flanders, a fictional character in which parts of real personalities (including the author) can be found.
Music and theater
World premieres
Hamburg / Copenhagen
- April 16: The world premiere of the musical play The incomparable Psyche by Reinhard Keizer with the libretto by Christian Heinrich Postel takes place in Copenhagen.
- November 25th: The world premiere of the opera The betrayed and subsequently adored Ariadne by Reinhard Keizer takes place at the Theater am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg.
- November: The opera Ulysses by Reinhard Keizer with a libretto by Friedrich Maximilian von Lersner is premiered at the Court Opera in Copenhagen. The date originally scheduled for the premiere on October 11th, the king's birthday, cannot be kept because the singer Margaretha Susanna Kayser , who was originally intended for the role of Penelope, fell seriously ill at short notice. The substitute singer insists on inserting four Italian arias into the originally purely German-language opera. Two of these arias are by Giuseppe Maria Orlandini .
London
- February 22nd: The world premiere of the opera Griselda by Giovanni Bononcini takes place at the King's Theater in London .
Naples
- January: The opera Lucio Vero by Domenico Sarro with the libretto by Apostolo Zeno is premiered at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples.
- August 30th: The world premiere of the opera Bajazete imperador de 'turchi by Leonardo Leo takes place in the Palazzo Reale in Naples.
Vienna
- August 30: The world premiere of Antonio Caldara's opera Nitocri takes place at the Teatro della Favorita in Vienna.
- November 4th: Like most operas by Antonio Caldara, the opera Scipione nelle Spagne is premiered at the Hoftheater in Vienna.
The Bachs in Koethen
- Johann Sebastian Bach and his wife Anna Magdalena put together the first little music book for Anna Magdalena Bach .
- Johann Sebastian Bach published in Köthen the Well-Tempered Clavier Part I BWV 846-869
religion
- Elector Maximilian II. Emanuel of Bavaria founds the Neunburg monastery in front of the forest at the request of the citizens of Neunburg .
- The Augustiner Choir Women Monastery in Mannheim is founded.
- Joachim Sigismund von Ziegler and Klipphausen , Chamberlain of Augustus the Strong, founds the Joachimstein Abbey , a women's foundation to care for single noble women in Upper Lusatia and neighboring areas, into which he brings all his possessions.
nature and environment
- June 5: Father Karl Meichelbeck , one of the monks of Benediktbeuern Abbey , records the Schäftlarn meteorite fall in the Historia Frisingensis . There are no further reports on the impact event , and the meteorite is also nowhere to be found.
- The plague is disappearing from Europe to this day .
Born
First half of the year
- Caspar Anton von Belderbusch , Teutonic Knight and Prime Minister in Kurköln († 1784) January 5th:
- Andrea Gioannetti , Cardinal of the Catholic Church and Archbishop of Bologna († 1800) January 6th:
- January 12: Nikolaus von Luckner , German general, Marshal of France († 1794)
- January 28: Johann Ernst Bach , German composer († 1777)
- January 29th: Luise Amalie von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Princess of Prussia († 1780)
- Mathias Etenhueber , German poet († 1782) February 3:
- Louise Friederike von Württemberg , Duchess of Mecklenburg († 1791) February 3:
- Regina Mingotti , Italian soprano († 1808) February 6:
- February 14: Georg Christian Füchsel , German geologist († 1773)
- February 24: John Burgoyne , British general and writer († 1792)
- March 18: Heinrich XI. , Prince Reuss of Greiz († 1800)
- March 18: Sakhar Chernyshev , Russian Field Marshal General, Minister of War and Governor of Moscow († 1784)
- March 26: Johann Daniel Salzmann , Strasbourg lawyer and popular philosopher († 1812)
- April 11: Matthias Wilhelm von Below , Prussian lieutenant general and governor of the fortress Stettin († 1798)
- April 12: Pietro Nardini , Italian composer and violinist († 1793)
- Gerhard Schøning , Norwegian historian († 1780) May 3:
- May 11: Peter Camper , Dutch medic († 1789)
- May 19: Johann Hortzschansky , Sorbian educator, historian and philologist († 1799)
- June 22nd: Maria Anna von Pfalz-Sulzbach , Princess of Bavaria († 1790)
- June 30th (baptized): Georg Anton Benda , Bohemian-German Kapellmeister and composer († 1795)
Second half of the year
- July 11: Georg Wilhelm , Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt († 1782)
- July 23: Anne-Catherine de Ligniville Helvétius , French Salonnière († 1800)
- August Wilhelm of Prussia , Prussian Prince and General († 1758) August 9:
- August 12: Giuseppe Baldrighi , Italian Rococo painter († 1803)
- August 22: Josef Georg Hörl , Austrian lawyer, Mayor of Vienna († 1806)
- August 23: Ferdinand-Olivier Petitpierre , Swiss Protestant clergyman († 1790)
- August 23: Jost Christian zu Stolberg-Roßla junior , nobleman in the service of Russia and Prussia († 1749)
- Friedrich Christian , Elector of Saxony († 1763) September 5:
- Ernst Anton Nicolai , German medic († 1802) September 7th:
- September 10: Paulus Chevallier , Dutch Reformed theologian († 1796)
- September 14: Basilius Christian Bernhard Wiedeburg , German mathematician and astronomer († 1758)
- September 19: Johann Philipp Burckhard Asbrand , German theologian († 1779)
- September 21: Gisela Agnes von Anhalt-Köthen , Princess of Anhalt-Dessau († 1751)
- September 21: Georg Christian Seekatz , German painter († 1788)
- September 27: Samuel Adams , American statesman and revolutionary († 1803)
- Johann Gottfried Zentgrav , German Protestant theologian, rhetorician and literary scholar († 1762) October 1:
- Philipp Friedrich von Rieger , Württemberg major general († 1782) October 2:
- Johann Heinrich Tischbein the Elder , painter (court painter) in Kassel († 1789) October 3:
- October 10: Humphry Marshall , American botanist († 1801)
- October 22: Gotthilf Friedemann Löber , German Protestant clergyman and educator († 1799)
- October 28: Maria Eva Sophia von Starhemberg , Princess of Orange and Princess of Nassau-Siegen, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg († 1773)
- October 29: Christian Ernst von Windheim , German Protestant theologian and orientalist († 1766)
- Erhard Andreas Frommann , German Protestant clergyman and educator († 1774) November 8:
- November 15: Johann Christian Brand , Austrian painter, draftsman, etcher and engraver († 1795)
- November 19: Leopold von Auenbrugger , Austrian physician and librettist († 1809)
- Anna Louisa Karsch , German poet († 1791) December 1:
- Gregorius Skoworoda , Ukrainian philosopher, poet and musician († 1794) December 3:
- December 14: Otto Hermann von Vietinghoff , General Director of the All-Russian Medical College († 1792)
- December 15: Joseph I , German-Bohemian nobleman, Prince von Schwarzenberg († 1782)
- December 17: Johann Paul Reinhard , German university professor and historian († 1779)
- December 20: Gebhard Werner von der Schulenburg , court marshal at the Prussian court († 1788)
- December 21: Thomas Jenkins , British painter, art collector, antique dealer and banker († 1798)
- December 23: Axel Frederic Cronstedt , Swedish chemist and mineralogist († 1765)
- December 26: Giovanni Battista Visconti , Italian archaeologist († 1784)
- December 27: Vincent von Orsini-Rosenberg , Governor of Carinthia († 1794)
- December 28: Christoph August Bode , German university professor, philologist and orientalist († 1796)
- December 28: Eliza Lucas Pinckney , American planter († 1793)
Exact date of birth unknown
- Johann Achterkirchen , German politician († 1789)
- Kakutei , Japanese monk and painter († 1786)
- Flora MacDonald , Scottish Jacobite († 1790)
- John Montgomery , American politician († 1808)
- Ngawang Jampel Deleg Gyatsho , Tibetan Trülku and politician, Regent of Tibet († 1777)
- Prithvi Narayan Shah , founder and king of Nepal († 1775)
Died
First quarter
- Antoine Coypel , French court painter (* 1661) January 7th:
- January 25: Joachim Friedrich , Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (* 1668)
- January 29: Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld , Swedish field marshal (* 1651)
- January: Ruggiero Fedeli , Italian singer, composer and conductor (* around 1655)
- Eleonore d'Olbreuse , Countess of Harburg and Wilhelmsburg and Duchess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle (* 1639) February 5:
- Christian Michael Stever , German lawyer and mayor of Rostock (* 1657) February 5:
- February 10: Bartholomew Roberts , Welsh pirate (* 1682)
- February 13: Friedrich Wilhelm I. Adolf , Prince of Nassau-Siegen (* 1680)
- February 18: Charlotte Amalie von Hessen-Wanfried , princess in Transylvania (* 1679)
- February 24: Johannes d'Outrein , Dutch preacher, writer and author of evangelical theological works (* 1662)
- February 28: William Kerr, 2nd Marquess of Lothian , British nobleman, officer and politician (* 1661)
- March 11: John Toland , Irish free thinker (* 1670)
- March 26th: Johann Michael von Althann , Austrian nobleman and representative of the "Spanish Party" at the Viennese court (* 1679)
- March 26: Charles Eden , British colonial governor of North Carolina (* 1673)
- March 28: Na'od II. , Negus of Ethiopia (* 1704)
- March 31: Eberhard von Danckelman , tutor of the first Prussian king, Brandenburg minister, Prussian upper president and baron (* 1643)
- March 31: Campegius Vitringa the Elder , Dutch Reformed theologian (* 1659)
Second quarter
- Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland , English politician and statesman, (* 1674) April 9:
- April 12: Antonio Zanchi , Italian painter (* 1631)
- April 16: Johann Jacob Bach , German musician, member of the Bach family of musicians (* 1682)
- April 20: Johann Georg Rohr , bell founder in Heilbronn (* 1666)
- April 21: Damian Hugo Graf von Virmont zu Neersen , German general and diplomat (* 1666)
- April 22: Heinrich Pipping , German Lutheran theologian and court preacher in Dresden (* 1670)
- April 28: Adam Gschwend , German educator, deacon, author and rector of the Lyceum in Eisenberg (* 1665)
- April 28: Johannes Scherer , German instrument maker (* 1664)
- April: Giuseppe Cino , Italian builder and sculptor (* 1645)
- Gian Carlo Cailò , Italian violinist and composer (* 1659) May 2:
- Johann Balthasar Burckhardt , Mayor of Basel (* 1642) May 4:
- Claude Gillot , French painter (* 1673) May 4th:
- May 10th: Hermann Lothar von Auwach , Canon in the Prince Diocese of Speyer (* around 1652)
- May 16: Christine Wilhelmine of Hessen-Homburg , Duchess of Mecklenburg (* 1653)
- May 17: Franz Beer von Au , owner of the Bregenzerwald (* 1659)
- May 26: Sébastien Vaillant , French botanist (* 1669)
- Johann Kuhnau , German composer and writer (* 1660) June 5:
- June 15: Johann Bleyer , member of the state parliament (* 1639)
- June 16: John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough , British general and politician (* 1650)
- June 16: Marc'Antonio Zondadari , Grand Master of the Order of Malta (* 1658)
- June 20: Christoph Dientzenhofer , German builder (* 1655)
- June 22nd: Maria Landini , Italian opera singer (* 1667–1668 or 1670)
Third quarter
- Friedrich von Saldern , administrative officer of the Duke of Holstein (* 1685) July 6th:
- Estienne Roger , Franco-Dutch printer and publisher (* 1665 or 1666) July 7th:
- July 11: Johann Joseph Vilsmayr , Austrian violinist and composer (* 1663)
- July 13: Heinrich Leonhard Schurzfleisch , German lawyer, historian and librarian (* 1664)
- July 14: Ivan Skoropadskyj , hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks (* around 1646)
- July 18: Johann Heinrich Hävecker , German theologian and chronicler (* 1640)
- July 25: Claude Antoine Couplet , French engineer (* 1642)
- Johann Georg Beck , German engraver (* 1676) August 7th:
- August 11th: Hedwig Elisabeth Amalia von der Pfalz , Crown Princess of Poland (* 1673)
- August 12: Giovanni II. Cornaro , Doge of Venice (* 1647)
- August 30th: Thomas Pollock , British colonial governor of North Carolina (* 1654)
- August: Robert Sibbald , Scottish doctor and scientist (* 1641)
- Carl Graf von Ahlefeldt , German statesman and lord of the lordships of Rixingen and Mörsberg as well as liege count of Langeland at Tranekær Castle and district administrator on Langeland (* 1670) September 7th:
- Gerhard Wolter Molanus , German private scholar, book collector and Protestant abbot of the Loccum monastery (* 1633) September 7th:
- September 18: André Dacier , French philologist and librarian (* 1651)
- September 18: Johann Kaspar Horn , German composer, lawyer and doctor (* 1636)
- September 26th: Guillaume Massieu , French Jesuit, classical philologist and Romanist (* 1665)
Fourth Quarter
- Leodegar Keller , Lucerne patrician, minor councilor, land clerk and salt director (* 1642) October 8:
- October 25: Raymund Ferdinand von Discounta , Prince-Bishop of Passau (* 1669)
- October 28: Wilhelm Hermann Ignatz Wolff-Metternich zur Gracht , provost and auxiliary bishop in the diocese of Münster (* 1665)
- Christoph Cuntzius , German organ builder (* 1676) November 8th:
- November 11th: Henri Duquesne , French captain and Huguenot (* 1652)
- November 12: Adriaen van der Werff , Dutch painter (* 1659)
- November 20: John Lombe , English silk producer and industrial spy (* around 1693)
- November 24th: Ulrich Glantschnigg , Austrian painter (* 1661)
- November 24th: Johann Adam Reincken , Dutch-German composer, organist and viol player (* 1623)
- November 24th: Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset , British noblewoman, lady-in-waiting to the queens Mary II and Anne (* 1667)
- Marie-Anne de La Trémoille , French noblewoman, first lady-in-waiting of the Spanish Queen Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy (* 1642) December 5:
- Liselotte von der Pfalz , Duchess of Orléans (* 1652) December 8:
- December 19: John Covel , English clergyman (* 1638)
- December 20: Kangxi , Emperor of China (* 1654)
- December 27: Anna Pogwisch , German noblewoman and patroness (* 1634)
Exact date of death unknown
- Domingos da Costa , leader of the topasse in the Lesser Sunda Islands and deputy to the governor of the Portuguese possessions there
- Gertrud Gröninger , Westphalian sculptor (* around 1650)
- Konoe Motohiro , Japanese painter, calligrapher and imperial regent (* 1648)
- Peter Sandrart , German entrepreneur, Huguenot and mayor of the Palatinate Colony in Magdeburg (* around 1656)
- Filippo Tancredi , Sicilian painter (* 1655)
Web links
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