Caspian flotilla

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Caspian flotilla

Great emblem of the Caspian Flotilla.svg

Large emblem of the Caspian Flotilla
Lineup 1722
Country Russian Empire 1883Russian Empire Russian Empire (1722–1917) Soviet Union (1917–1991) Russia (since 1991)
Soviet Union 1955Soviet Union 
RussiaRussia 
Armed forces Russian armed forces
Armed forces Russian Navy
Type flotilla
headquarters Astrakhan
Awards Order of the Red Banner
commander
commander Rear Admiral Sergei Pinchuk

The Caspian Flotilla ( Russian Каспийская флотилия Kaspijskaja flotilija ) is the second oldest part of the Russian Navy (after the Baltic Fleet ) and later became part of the Soviet Navy . The flotilla is stationed in the Caspian Sea .

The flotilla was set up in Astrakhan in November 1722 on the orders of Peter the Great . She took part in his Persian campaign from 1722–1723 and the Russo-Persian War from 1804–1813 and supported the Russian army in the conquest of Derbent and Baku in 1796. As a result of the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813, the Caspian flotilla remained as the only navy in the Caspian Sea. Baku became their main base in 1867 . Today the seat is in Astrakhan (soon to be Kaspijsk ).

As the situation in the Caspian Sea stabilized as a result, the number of ships in the flotilla decreased. At the beginning of the 20th century, it only had two gunboats and a few armed steamers . The seamen of the flotilla took an active part in the revolutionary movement in Baku from 1903 to 1905 and in the establishment of Soviet rule in this region.

The flotilla in the Russian Civil War

Ship "Moskvitjanin"

In order to provide support to the Red Army , from April to June 1918 they set up the war fleet of the Astrakhan Region ( Военный флот Астраханского края , or Wojenny flot Astrakhanskogo kraja), which were reinforced with torpedo boats and submarines from the Baltic Sea . On October 13, 1918, the Soviets renamed the fleet to Astrakhan-Caspian War Flotilla ( Астрахано-Каспийская военная флотилия , or Astrakhan-Kaspijskaja woennaja flotilija). The ships of the flotilla were captured by the counterrevolutionary Central Aspi government in August 1918 and regained by the Soviets after the overthrow of the Müsavat government . On May 21, 1919, units of the British Caspian Flotilla attacked units of the Caspian Flotilla in the port of Fort Alexandrowsk and shot, among others. a. the torpedo boat destroyer Moskvitjanin to the wreck (see Naval Battle of Fort Alexandrowsk ).

Reconnaissance of the Bolshevik Advanced Base in Fort Alexandrowsk (Caspian Sea), view of a naval action

In July 1919, the Astrakhan-Caspian War Flotilla was merged with the Volga War Flotilla (Волжская военная флотилия, or Wolschskaja Wojennaja flotilija) and converted into the Volga-Caspian War Flotilla (Волжскавиканяканя. On May 1, 1920, the Soviets set up the Caspian Fleet, which consisted of three auxiliary cruisers , ten torpedo boats, four submarines and other ships. Together with the Caspian Fleet, the Red Fleet of Soviet Azerbaijan was stationed in Baku. Both fleets completed the liberation of the Caspian Sea from the White Army . In July 1920, the Caspian and Azerbaijani fleets were merged to form the Caspian Sea Navy ( Морские Силы Каспийского моря , or Morskije Sili Kaspijskogo morja) and were renamed the Caspian Flotilla on June 27, 1931 .

In 1919/20 the flagship of the flotilla was the torpedo boat destroyer Karl Liebknecht (ex Finn ). From June 1919 to June 1920, the flotilla was commanded by Fyodor Fyodorovich Raskolnikow ; His wife Larissa Reissner was the flotilla commissioner .

The flotilla in the 1920s

In 1926 the unit consisted of the following ships:

Destroyer of Ukraina class :

  • Alfater (formerly Turkmenets Stavropolski )
  • Markin (formerly Woiskowoi )
  • Bakinski-Rabotschi (formerly Ukraina )

Technical data: built in 1904, 710 t , 25 nm , 3 10 cm guns , 1 3.7 cm gun, 2 machine guns , 2 45 cm torpedo tubes , 16 sea ​​mines .

Guard ships :

  • Khorjok
  • Kunitza
  • Laska
  • Lydra

Technical data: 180 t, 12 nm, 2 7.5 cm guns.

Advices :

  • Trud
  • Lenin
  • Trotsky
  • Ali Bairanoff

Surveying vehicles :

Dispatch boat :

  • Transkawkas

The flotilla since World War II

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Period of the "Cold War" (1946–1989)
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During the Great Patriotic War from 1941 to 1945, the Caspian Flotilla secured important sea transports of troops, equipment and various goods, especially during the Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of the Caucasus . Since the navy's plans for the Caspian Sea were thwarted by the course of the war, there was no direct encounter with the naval forces of the Axis powers .

In 1945 the Caspian Flotilla was awarded the Order of the Red Banner .

The flotilla from 1990

Parade of units of the Caspian Flotilla, Astrakhan, 2012

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992, the units of the flotilla were divided between the former Soviet republics on the Caspian Sea. The Russian Caspian Flotilla moved its units from Baku to Makhachkala and Astrakhan, and Astrakhan became the main base of the flotilla. Since 2010, the flotilla has been under the command of the Southern Military District .

In 2000 the 77th Marine Brigade was established in Kaspiysk as part of the flotilla. Staff and two battalions of the brigade were taken over by the disbanded 77th Marine Guards Division , which was subordinate to the Northern Fleet . The brigade included the 414th, 725th and 975th independent marine battalions in Kaspijsk, the 712th independent marine battalion in Astrakhan, the 1200th independent reconnaissance battalion in Kaspijsk, the 1408th and 1409th independent artillery detachments, the 1387th independent air defense - and artillery department and the 530th independent Eloka company. The brigade was disbanded in 2009.

In November 2007, a ship of the Caspian Flotilla visited Iran for the first time since 1977 and was anchored in the port of Bandar Anzali for eleven days .

Units of the flotilla

A large-scale modernization program began in 2003. It is characterized by the commissioning of units with modern ship-to-ship and ship-to-surface guided missiles , with some older units being modernized. In that year the first missile ship of Project 11661 was put into service with the Caspian Flotilla. The Tatarstan is the flagship of the flotilla. A second ship in the project, the Dagestan , entered service in 2012. The first small rocket ship of the project 21630 went into service as early as 2011 . Another five ships arrived from 2011, including three ships from the modernized project 21631 in 2014. Just like the Tatarstan , these ships are able to use guided missiles of the P-800 Oniks and Calibr . They replaced the rocket boats of the project 206MR , which were decommissioned in 2014 . The ship of the project 12411 was modernized in 2011 and can use guided missiles of the type P-270 Moskit . Likewise, the landing craft from 1999 onwards were replaced by new buildings from projects 1176, 11770 and 21820.

In 2014 the rescue ship SB-45 and three reed cutters intended for rescue and recovery tasks were added to the flotilla.

Project NATO designation Surname Board number Commissioning image comment
Missile ships
11661 cheetah Tatarstan 691 08/31/2003 Tatarstan Flagship, has been modernized since 2014
11661 cheetah Dagestan 693 11/28/2012 Dagestan
Small rocket ships
12411 Tarantul-III Mod МАК-160 054 08/08/1988 identical boat Modernized in 2011
21630 Bujan Astrakhan 012 09/01/2006 Astrakhan
21630 Bujan Volgodonsk 014 December 20, 2011 Volgodonsk
21630 Bujan Makhachkala 015 December 04, 2012
21631 Bujan Degree Svyazhsk 021 07/27/2014 Degree Svyazhsk
21631 Bujan Uglich 022 07/27/2014 Uglich
21631 Bujan Veliky Ustyug 023 December 19, 2014
Artillery boats
1204 Shmel АК-223 045 06/22/1969 АК-223
1204 Shmel АК-248 047 11/30/1971
1204 Shmel АК-201 042 06/30/1972
1204 Shmel АК-209 044 29.09.1972
1400 Shmel АК-326 050 1989
12411T Tarantul-I R-101 Stupinez 705 09/30/1985 Stupinez Missile armament removed
21980 P-351 930 October 15, 2013 identical boat classified as anti-sabotage boats
Landing craft
1176 Ondatra D-185 642 12/30/2000 identical boat
11770 Serna D-56 634 12/30/2008 D-56
11770 Serna D-156 631 12/29/1999
11770 Serna D-131 630 12/30/2002
11770 Serna D-172 645 12/27/2005
11770 Serna D-809 646 05/29/2013
11770 Serna D-810 05/29/2013
21820 Dyugon D-605 Ataman Platow 634 12/30/2008
Mine clearance boats
679TB RT-59 200 10/26/1976
679TB RT-181 201 11/11/1980
1258 Yevgenya RT-71 207 06/30/1981 207
10750 RT-233 219 09/09/1994
10750 RT-234 215 08/28/1996
12650 Sonya BT-244 German Ugryumow 500 10/25/1988 German Ugryumov
12650 Sonya BT-216 Magomed Gadschiejew 564 11/30/1997 Magomed Gadschieev

Calls

On October 7, 2015, ships of the Caspian Flotilla shot down 3M14 cruise missiles at positions of the so-called Islamic State as part of Russian participation in acts of war in the Syrian civil war . According to Russian data, the ships Tatarstan , Grad Svyashsk , Uglich and Veliki Ustyug launched a total of 26 guided missiles, all of which reached their targets.

Commanders

See also

literature

Web links

  • English version of the memoirs of Fyodor F. Raskolnikow: Raskazy Michmana Il'ina , first published Moscow 1934, edited by Brian Pearce in London in 1982 under the title Tales of Sub-Lieutenant Ilyin [2]
  • Memoirs of Ivan Stepanowitsch Isakow (Иван Степанович Исаков): Caspian Sea, 1920 (Каспий, 1920), first published 1973 is / index.html

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Бригаду морской пехоты заменят два батальона ( Memento from July 20, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) (Russian)
  2. ↑ Второе дыхание службы ( Memento from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Ставрополье получило в подарок на Новый год ракетный катер
  4. ↑ Моряки Каспийской флотилии подвели итоги зимнего обучения. May 15, 2014
  5. ↑ these ships are classified as frigates in western parlance
  6. ↑ Ракетный корабль «Татарстан» проходит модернизацию. September 12, 2014
  7. ↑ These ships are classified as corvettes or missile speedboats in Western usage
  8. ↑ partly also given as 1241.1MR
  9. ↑ «Звездочка» модернизировала МАК-160 для Каспийской флотилии ( Memento from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ [1] (Russian)
  11. ↑ Use in the Syrian civil war
  12. ↑ Минобороны показало, как российский флот ударил по ИГИЛ в Сирии (Russian)
  13. ↑ http://www.mil.ru/848/1045/1274/8948/8953/11240/index.shtml ( Memento from August 28, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) in Russian
  14. ↑ Командующим Каспийской флотилией России назначен контр-адмирал Алекминский. Interfax-Azerbaijan, September 29, 2010, accessed May 29, 2014 (Russian).