wreck
A wreck (from Mitteliederdt .: wrack "floating object") is a vehicle that has become unusable due to deterioration or damage . Most commonly, the term is associated with lower ships after a shipwreck or, in naval warfare , sinking or scuttling used. The term ruin is used for buildings and technical systems . In the case of a larger number of wrecks, one speaks in a figurative sense of ship cemeteries , car cemeteries , aircraft cemeteries etc.
Shipwrecks
Shipwrecks that are partially submerged or just below the surface of the water or floating are considered to be a major threat to shipping lanes . For shipwrecks more than 100 years old, the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, adopted by the UNESCO General Conference in November 2001, applies . It came into force in 2009, but has not yet been ratified by Germany and Austria as of 2020.
A special kind of self-absorption make the block ships in naval warfare is. It's decommissioned ships were sunk from enemy port entrances, to block them or in front of their plants to protect them.
Individual shipwrecks and wreck finds (selection)
Modern
- Titanic
- Andrea Doria
- Empress of Ireland
- Lusitania
- Persia
- Bismarck
- Yamato
- Wrecks of the German Imperial Ocean Fleet in Scapa Flow
- SM UB 122 , flooded on the east coast of England in December 2013
- Wrecks of the Ondo and the Fides in the Elbe
- Pallas
- America
- Pamir
- Umbria
- Mactan sunk off Maestro de Campo , Philippines , presumably after a monster wave hit
- United Malika
Middle Ages and early modern times
- Lena Shoal Junk sank off Busuanga around 1490
- Vizcaína , one of Christopher Columbus 'shipsthat sank in 1503 and was rediscovered in 2004
- Skuldelev Ship Cemetery
- Mary Rose , sank in Portsmouth harbor at the time of Henry VIII, now a museum
- Vasa , Sweden
- Oseberg ship , Oseberg , Norway
- Ralswiek boats
- Akerendam , Dutch East India sailor,sunkoff the Norwegian island of Runde in1725
- Kvalsund boat , Viking Age boat found on the Norwegian island of Nerlandsøya
- Gedesby Ship ; 13th century cattle truck discovered on Falster .
- Nuestra Señora de Atocha , Spanish galleon , sunk off Florida in 1622; their cargo, recovered in 1985, is the largest treasure found in a shipwreck to date
- Nuestra Señora de la Concepción , Spanish galleon on the Manila route, sank off Saipan in September 1638and recovered in 1987
- Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes , Spanish frigate, sunk off the southern coast of Portugal in 1804
- Wreck of Karschau , large cargo ship of the 12th century, Germany
Roman times
- Ship from Mahdia
- Mainz Roman ships
- 2400 year old Greek merchant ship found in the Black Sea off the Bulgarian coast, 2018
Bronze and Iron Ages
- Dover boat
- Hjortspringboot (also replicated)
- Lapuri wreck
- Mazarrón ships
- North Ferriby Boat , Humber
- Ship from Kyrenia , Cyprus
- Ship from Uluburun , Turkey
Stone age
- Dugout canoe from Damme-Dümmerlohausen , Lower Saxony
- Dugout canoe from Pesse , Netherlands, Mesolithic
- Hardinxfeld, Netherlands Mesolithic , Swifterbant
Old ship steel
Steel from shipwrecks, which was produced before 1945, is used as a particularly low- radiation low-background steel in physical devices for measuring small gamma radiation doses.
See also
- Shipwrecks in the Chuuk lagoon
- Shipwrecks in Lake Constance
- Underwater archeology
- List of shipwrecks on the coast of Namibia
Web links
- Per Hoffmann, Martin Mainberger: Catalog of the archaeological ship and boat finds in Germany
- Wrecks & shipfinds of Western & inland Europe
- Shipwreck Database
Individual evidence
- ↑ UNESCO Convention | German UNESCO Commission. Retrieved July 4, 2020 .
- ^ Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage. Paris, November 2, 2001. In: unesco.org. UNESCO, accessed on July 4, 2020 .
- ↑ André German: Record Fund before Bulgaria · Researchers find 2,400 years old shipwreck in the Black Sea . In: Daily port report of October 26, 2018, p. 16