3rd century BC Chr.

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Global territorial situation 300 BC Chr.

The 3rd century BC Chr. Began on January 1, v 300th Chr. And ending December 31, v two hundred and first Chr.

Age / Epoch

Antiquity , the Hellenistic period

While the Diadochi in the Near East continue to fight for the legacy of Alexander the Great , Rome becomes a hegemonic power in the Mediterranean.

In China the emperor succeeds for the first time in establishing the unity of the country.

Events / developments

Europe

• Timaeus of Tauromenion probably introduces the oldest Greek calendar , based on the Olympiads .
• Bordeaux is founded as a Celtic settlement under the name Burdigala .
• 279 BC BC : Celts invade Greece and plunder the Sanctuary of Delphi .
• 279 BC BC: King Pyrrhos I of Epirus ( 318 BC - 272 BC ) triumphs in the battle of Asculum (the so-called Pyrrhus victory ).
• 273 BC BC : First embassy exchange between Alexandria and Rome
• 267 BC BC - 261 BC Chr . : Chremonideic War ; Decline of Ptolemaic naval rule in the Aegean Sea
• 264 BC BC - 241 BC BC : First Punic War between Rome and Carthage
• 225 BC BC - 222 BC BC : Rome fights against Celts , land reclamation on the Po .
• 218 BC Chr. - 201 BC BC : The Second Punic War between Romans and Carthage begins with Hannibal's march across the Alps to Italy.

Asia and Africa

• The Mongolian Hsiung-nu , possibly from Manchuria , settled in what is now Mongolia as horsemen and cattle-ranching nomads.
• 253 BC BC : The third council of the Buddhist monastic community takes place in Pataliputra (today Patna) under the patronage of King Ashoka and the presidency of the monk Moggaliputta Tissa .
• 221 BC Chr. One- Qin Shi Huang rival dynasties of Imperial China , becoming the first emperor of China. After his death the power of his dynasty declines; For a short time China is sinking into civil war again. The official Liu Bang calls himself 202 BC. Became emperor and founded the Han dynasty . This marked the beginning of a cultural and political heyday for China.
• 217 BC BC : Ptolemy IV defeats the troops of the Seleucids Antiochus III with the help of native Egyptians .

Personalities

Born

• around 287 BC BC : Archimedes of Syracuse , important Greek mathematician, physicist and engineer († 212 BC )
• around 276 BC Chr . : Eratosthenes of Cyrene , Greek polymath and director of the library of Alexandria († 194 BC )
• around 262 BC BC : Apollonios von Perge , Greek mathematician († around 190 BC)
• 259 BC BC : Qin Shihuangdi , founder of the Chinese Empire and builder of the Great Wall of China († 210 BC )
• 257 BC BC : Aristophanes of Byzantium , Greek philologist and director of the library of Alexandria († 180 BC )
• around 247 BC Chr .: Hannibal , Carthaginian general († 183 BC )
• 242 BC BC : Antiochus III. , called Antiochus the Great, ruler of the Seleucid Empire († 187 BC )
• 236 BC BC : Scipio Africanus , Roman general and statesman († 183 BC )
• 234 BC Chr . : Marcus Porcius Cato , called Cato the Elder , Roman general, historian and politician († 149 BC )
• around 216 BC BC : Aristarchus of Samothrace , Greek historian and director of the library of Alexandria († 144 BC )

Died

• around 289 BC BC : Mengzi , Chinese philosopher (* around 370 BC)
• 272 BC BC : Pyrrhos I , king of Epirus (* around 318 BC)
• around 270 BC BC : Epicurus , Greek philosopher (* around 341 BC)
• around 260 BC BC : Zenodotos of Ephesus , Greek philologist, first director of the library of Alexandria (* around 325 BC)
• around 240 BC Chr .: Callimachus of Cyrene , Greek writer and scholar (* around 305 BC)
• around 230 BC BC : Aristarchos of Samos , Greek astronomer (* around 310 BC)
• 212 BC BC : Archimedes , Greek mathematician, physicist and engineer (* around 287 BC)
• 211 BC BC : Publius Cornelius Scipio , Roman general and statesman

Inventions and discoveries

• The Chinese Emperor Qin Shihuangdi starts building the Great Wall of China .
• The Greek engineer Ktesibios developed spring catapults, plunger syringes, water clocks with gear gears and water organs .
• around 250 BC BC : Eratosthenes determines the circumference of the earth .
• Erection of the Colossus of Rhodes , a statue of the sun god Helios at the entrance to the port of Rhodes , one of the seven wonders of the world ; becomes 227 BC Chr. In an earthquake destroyed (according to other sources 226 v. Chr. Or 224 v. Chr.).
• Sostratos of Knidos built the lighthouse of Pharos , one of the seven wonders of the world (299 BC - 279 BC).
• Archimedes of Syracuse established the laws of levers , developed the pulley system , found the law of hydrostatic buoyancy and formulated the concept of specific weight .
• 221 BC BC - 207 BC BC : In the Qin Dynasty , weights and measures are standardized in China.

Web links

Commons : 3rd century BC Chr.  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files