Makhachkala

city Makhachkala Махачкала flag coat of arms Federal district North Caucasus republic Dagestan Urban district Makhachkala Inner structure 3 Stadtrajons (Kirovsky, Leninsky, Sovetsky) mayor Said Amirov Founded 1844 Earlier names Petrovskoye (1844–1857) Port-Petrovsk (1857–1921) City since 1857 surface 458  km² population 572,076 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Population density 1249 inhabitants / km² Height of the center 10  m Time zone UTC + 3 Telephone code (+7) 8722 Post Code 367xxx License Plate 05 OKATO 82 401 Website http://www.mkala.ru Geographical location Coordinates 42 ° 59 ′  N , 47 ° 29 ′  E Coordinates: 42 ° 59 ′ 0 ″  N , 47 ° 29 ′ 0 ″  E

Location in the western part of Russia

Location in Dagestan

List of cities in Russia

Makhachkala ( listen in Russian Махачкала  ^{? / I} , Avar МахӀачхъала (Maħačqala)), from 1857 until it was renamed Port-Petrovsk in 1921 , is the capital of the Russian republic of Dagestan . The city has 572,076 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010). The majority of the ethnically heterogeneous population professes Sunni Islam .

geography

The city is located on the west coast of the Caspian Sea in the foothills of the Caucasus, about 1,600 kilometers as the crow flies south-southeast of Moscow and about 200 km north of the Russian border with Azerbaijan . The nearest city is Kaspiysk 16 km southeast of Makhachkala.

Makhachkala is administratively divided into three urban raons: Kirovsky, Leninsky and Sovetsky. The city also includes the urban-type settlements of Leninkent , Shamchal , Semender , Sulak (Kirowski district), Nowy Kjachulai (Leninsky district), Alburikent , Kjachulai and Tarki (Soviet district) with a total of 94,235 inhabitants and six villages with 30,574 inhabitants . The total number of inhabitants in the Makhachkala district is 696,885 (as of October 14, 2010).

history

The first settlements on the site of today's Makhachkala are believed to have existed since the 7th century, as a caravan route to the old city of Derbent used to run here. However, today's city was only founded in 1844 as a fort with the name Petrovskoje (Петровское) in memory of the Persia campaign of Peter the Great . At the same time, the construction of a seaport near the place began. In the 1850s, a settlement was formed around the fortress and the port, which received city rights in 1857 and was renamed Port-Petrovsk (Порт-Петровск).

Makhachkala

Industry began to develop in the city towards the end of the 19th century with the construction of a brewery in 1876. In 1896, with the laying of the railway between Rostov-on-Don and Baku , Petrowsk-Port was connected to the Russian rail network. At the turn of the century, the city had a population of around 10,000. The main branches of economy at that time were the textile and tobacco industry, crude oil transport and fishing.

In 1921 the city lost its previous name and has been called Makhachkala ever since , whereby kala means "fortress" in the Turkic languages and Makhach (a short form of Mohammed ) was the first name of the Dagestani revolutionary Magomed-Ali Dachadayev, alias "Makhach" (1882-1918), in whose honor the city was renamed. The name Makhachkala literally means something like "fortress of Makhach". Makhachkala also became the capital of the newly formed Dagestani ASSR in 1921 , which has been an autonomous republic of the Russian Federation since 1990.

In the city there was the POW camp 379 for German prisoners of war of the Second World War .

On May 20, 2013, four people were killed and 35 people were injured in a double attack outside a courthouse. First a car bomb exploded and when the emergency services arrived 15 minutes later, the second bomb detonated. Just five days later, on May 25, a woman near the Home Office blew herself up, injuring 18 people, including 5 police officers.

Population development

year	Residents
1897	9,753
1939	86,836
1959	119,334
1970	185,863
1979	251.371
1989	317,475
2002	462.412
2010	572.076

Note: census data

Economy and Transport

The most important branches of industry are the oil refineries , in addition there are mechanical engineering and textile factories. In addition, numerous administrative and educational institutions have their headquarters in the city, including a regional research center of the Russian Academy of Sciences with around 20 research facilities.

Main traffic connections from Russia to Azerbaijan and Iran , including the M29 trunk road, run through the city . The European route 50 ends here. The city also has a major seaport, which is the only Russian port on the Caspian Sea that is ice-free all year round. In the city there is a long-distance station of the North Caucasian Railway (with connections also to Moscow , Baku , Rostov-on-Don and Kazan ) and Makhachkala International Airport . The inner-city public transport network consists of several trolleybus lines as well as buses, taxis and regular taxis .

The city is also the region's media center. Numerous newspapers appear in Makhachkala, including the Dagestanskaya Pravda and the Islamic As-Salam . In addition, several regional television stations have their headquarters in the city.

climate

Makhachkala has a continental climate with an average annual temperature of 11.6 ° C and an average annual rainfall of 430 mm. The coldest month is January, the warmest with 25 ° C July.

Makhachkala
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     40   3 -2     34   3 -2     26th   7th 2     26th   13 7th     28   21st 13     42   26th 18th     24   28 21st     33   28 20th     52   23 16     39   17th 10     42   12 6th     39   6th 1 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Makhachkala Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.3 3.3 7.0 13.4 21.1 25.8 28.3 27.5 23.0 17.0 11.5 6.2 O 15.7 Min. Temperature (° C) -2.1 -1.8 1.7 6.9 13.0 17.8 20.9 20.4 16.3 10.4 5.9 1.0 O 9.3 Precipitation ( mm ) 40 34 26th 26th 28 42 24 33 52 39 42 39 Σ 425 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2.0 2.9 3.1 5.7 8.7 10.1 9.4 9.1 6.7 5.1 2.5 1.8 O 5.6 Rainy days ( d ) 6th 7th 7th 5 4th 6th 5 6th 6th 5 6th 8th Σ 71 Humidity ( % ) 84 83 81 75 70 62 62 65 71 78 83 84 O 74.8 Source: wetterkontor.de

Town twinning

Makhachkala lists the following twin cities :

• Machatschkala is twin town of Oldenburg and the municipality of Hatten in the district of Oldenburg. The brochure of the Hatten Partnership Committee on the 15th anniversary provides information about the town twinning and the encounters between students and delegations.
• Sfax
• Yalova
• Aqtau

Further educational institutions

• Dagestan State University
• Dagestan State Technical University
• Branch of the South Russian State Technical University
• Dagestan State Pedagogical University

Sports

In football, the city is represented by the Anzhi Makhachkala club .

sons and daughters of the town

• Magomed-Nuri Osmanow (1924–2015), Iranist and Orientalist
• Valentina Tichomirowa (* 1941), athlete
• Vladimir Naslymow (* 1945), saber fencer
• Ruslan Ashuraliyev (1950-2009), wrestler
• Nurmagomed Schanawasow (* 1965), boxer
• Chadschimurad Magomedow (* 1974), wrestler
• Sagid Murtasalijew (* 1974), wrestler
• Aslan Gusseinow (* 1975), singer and songwriter
• Ilyas Shurpayev (1975-2008), journalist
• Akhmed Asimow (* 1977), orientalist
• Kuramagomed Kuramagomedow (* 1978), wrestler
• Swetlana Lapina (* 1978), high jumper
• Marid Mutalimow (* 1980), Kazakh wrestler
• Ali Aliyev (born 1983), boxer
• Magomed Ibragimov (* 1983), Uzbek wrestler
• Ali Issajew (* 1983), wrestler
• Seifula Magomedow (* 1983), Taekwondoin
• Ramazan Şahin (* 1983), Turkish freestyle wrestler of Chechen descent
• Magomed Abdulhamidow (* 1986), boxer
• Ryswan Hadschyjeu (* 1987), Belarusian wrestler
• Abdussalam Gadissow (* 1989), wrestler; European champion (2011 and 2014) and world champion (2014) in free style
• Camaləddin Məhəmmədov (* 1989), Azerbaijani wrestler
• Sharif Mukhammad (* 1990), Russian-Afghan soccer player
• Patimat Abakarova (* 1994), Taekwondoin
• Arthur Biyarslanov (* 1995), Canadian boxer of Chechen descent
• Magomed-Shapi Suleymanov (* 1999), football player

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Maschke, Erich (ed.): On the history of the German prisoners of war of the Second World War. Verlag Ernst and Werner Gieseking, Bielefeld 1962–1977.
3. ↑ Dead and injured in a double attack in the North Caucasus
4. ↑ 18 injured in a suicide attack in Dagestan

Web links

Commons : Makhachkala  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the city (Russian)
• Makhachkala on mojgorod.ru (Russian)
• Unofficial city portal (Russian)