1723
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Calendar overview 1723
Map with all linked sites: | 1723 | |
|---|---|
 Louis XV. of France . |
 becomes Archbishop of Cologne . |
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| 1723 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1171/72 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1715/16 (turn of the year 11/12 September) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1128/1129 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2266/67 (southern Buddhism); 2265/66 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 73rd (74th) cycle
Year of the water hare癸卯 ( at the beginning of the year water tiger 壬寅) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1085/86 (turn of the year April) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4056/57 (October 2/3) |
| Iranian calendar | 1101/02 |
| Islamic calendar | 1135/36 (turn of the year September 30th / October 1st) |
| Jewish calendar | 5483/84 (September 29/30) |
| Coptic calendar | 1439/40 (September 11-12) |
| Malayalam calendar | 898/899 |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2033/34 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2034/35 (turn of the year October) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1779/80 (turn of the year April) |
Events
Politics and world events
France
- February 15 : Upon reaching the age of 13, King Louis XV becomes of legal age. This formally ends the period of the Régence under Philippe II. De Bourbon, duc d'Orléans .
- August 10 : After the death of Guillaume Dubois , the previous regent Philip of Orléans becomes Prime Minister of France . However, he only holds this office for a short time. On December 2nd he dies of a stroke. On the same day, Louis IV Henri de Bourbon, prince de Condé , was appointed the new Prime Minister.
Holy Roman Empire
- September 20 : Joseph Clemens of Bavaria , Archbishop and Elector of Cologne , as Duke of Westphalia in Bonn , issues a police order for the Duchy of Westphalia . The Policey Ordinance comprises 44 titles with 250 paragraphs and deals with questions about religion, social norms, trade and economy, as well as claims settlement and other public regulatory matters.
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- October 31 : Gian Gastone de 'Medici follows his late father Cosimo III. de 'Medici as Grand Duke of Tuscany . It begins with urgently needed reforms, eases the tax burden on the poor, repeals anti-Semitic laws and decrees the end of public executions. However, he soon lapsed into indolence and his widely known homosexual inclination early on led to political speculation about the heirless end of Medici rule.
- October 31 : Joseph Wilhelm Ernst zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen moves his residence from Stühlingen to Donaueschingen .
- Elisabeth Sophie Marie of Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg , Princess of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , founds the village of Vechelade as a settlement for day laborers and places it under her personal protection.
- Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia reorganized the administration in his countries . Numerous previous war commissariats and official chambers are combined into war and domain chambers . In this way, the Pomeranian War and Domain Chamber was established in the province of Pomerania and was relocated to Stettin .
confederation
Against the background of the Vaudois resistance to the introduction of the Consensus Helveticus , Jean Daniel Abraham Davel felt called by God to liberate his fatherland from the rule of Bern , and on March 31st, surprisingly, 500 to 600 men entered Lausanne. There he gathers the city council, presents it with a manifesto in which the government of Bern is accused of making a number of mistakes, and explains his plan for the liberation of Vaud . However, the council immediately reported the incident to Bern, and Davel was arrested, tortured and shortly afterwards executed by beheading.
Malta
- September 14 : The foundation stone for the Fort Manoel planned by Jacob de Tigné is laid on Manoel Island . Antonio Manoel de Vilhena , Grand Master of the Order of Malta , has made significant financial resources available for the construction of the Maltese fort in Marsamxett Harbor .
Russia / Persia
- January: A power struggle continues in Persia between the Safavids, represented by Tahmasp II , and the Hotaki dynasty of the Ghilzai ruling in Isfahan under Mir Mahmud Hotaki . The city of Qazvin successfully rises against Mahmud and drives out the Ghilzai. Mahmud then became increasingly suspicious and had numerous Persian nobles and ministers killed as well as members of his own guard.
- Winter: The Russian army conquers the city of Rasht in the Russo-Persian War .
- July 1st : A new Russian unit sets out from Astrakhan and conquers Baku on August 6th .
- September 22nd : The Russian advance and a simultaneous attack by the Ottoman Empire force Tahmasp II to conclude peace in the Russo-Persian War . In the St. Petersburg Treaty , Persia ceded Derbent, Baku and the provinces of Shirvan , Gorgan , Gilan , Māzandarān and Astarabad to Tsar Peter I on the south-western and southern shores of the Caspian Sea .
- November 18 : Wassili Tatishchev and Georg Wilhelm Henning found the city of Yekaterinburg in the Urals around a local ironworks. After copper finds, Tatishchev founded the city of Perm in the same year .
Asia
- February 5 : Yongzheng is made the third emperor of the Qing Dynasty in China .
- Muhammad Mubarak Khan I abdicates in favor of his son Sadiq Muhammad Khan I as Emir of Shikarpur .
- After ten years of joint rule in the Kingdom of Luang Phrabang , Inthasom deposed his cousin Ong Kham while he was on a hunting trip. He then retires as a monk in a Buddhist monastery.
Africa
- The West African kingdom of Bono is conquered by the Asantehene (Ashanti king) Opoku Ware I. and incorporated into the Ashanti empire.
North America
- Third Natchez War against the French.
science and technology
Christian Wolff , who is accused of atheism by his pietistic opponents , has to give up his position as professor of mathematics and philosophy at the University of Halle and leave the city of Halle within 48 hours due to an order from the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I. He goes to Hessen and teaches at the University of Marburg , where he also continues his research on Chinese philosophy.
Culture
Architecture and fine arts
- August: Peterhof Palace on the Gulf of Finland in the city of the same name, commissioned by Peter I , is inaugurated as the new tsar's residence.
The Trinity Column in Linz
- The baroque Trinity Column on Linz's main square will be completed after six years of construction. The execution of the plague column was in the hands of the Salzburg master stonemason Sebastian Stumpfegger based on a design by Antonio Beduzzi .
- The Santuario della Madonna di San Luca near Bologna is being built in its current form according to the instructions of Carlo Francesco Dotti.
- For the reconstruction of Pillnitz Castle near Dresden, which began in 1720 , the castle church built in 1594 had to be demolished. The Weinbergkirche will be built nearby as a replacement . It is the first church to be built by Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann .
The old Pillnitz Castle Church shortly before the demolition
Designed by Pöppelmann around 1723
Music and theater
Johann Sebastian Bach in Leipzig
- February 7th : Johann Sebastian Bach performs the test pieces for his application as Thomaskantor in Leipzig. Jesus took in the twelve and you, true God and David's son . After the refusals of Georg Philipp Telemann and Christoph Graupner , Bach was given the position in third place.
- April: As soon as he arrives in Leipzig, Bach begins to compose or revise the necessary cantatas. With this systematic work, Bach creates on average about one work per week in the first year. For his wife Anna Magdalena Bach , who was a recognized singer in Köthen, there are hardly any opportunities for public appearances in Leipzig. Her singing is now limited to house music and a few outside opportunities.
- May 30th : With the performance of his cantata Die Elenden shall eat in the Nikolaikirche , Johann Sebastian Bach begins his service as Thomaskantor in Leipzig .
- December 26th : The Christmas cantata Darzu has been published. The Son of God by Johann Sebastian Bach is premiered in Leipzig. The next day, the world premiere of the cantata Sehet, what love our father has shown us , which among other things contains an arrangement of Martin Luther's chorale Praised be you, Jesus Christ .
World premieres
- January 12th : Ottone, re di Germania , a dramma per musica by Georg Friedrich Handel based on a libretto by Nicola Francesco Haym based on a poem by Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino , premiered at the King's Theater in Haymarket in the title role with the mezzo-soprano Senesino in the title role London. The performance has been postponed by half a year due to the late arrival of the soprano Francesca Cuzzoni .
- March 30 : The first performance of the opera Erminia of Giovanni Bononcini made on the King's Theater in London.
- April 6 : On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Hamburg Admiralty is that of Georg Philipp Telemann composed Hamburg Admiralty music along with the Ouvertürensuite Hamburger Ebb 'and flow premiered as a serenade. The text is by Michael Richey .
- May 13th : Siface re di Numidia , Pietro Metastasio's first work as an opera librettist, is performed for the first time in the setting by Francesco Feo at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples.
Caricature of a performance by Handel's Flavio : Senesino on the left, Francesca Cuzzoni in the middle and Gaetano Berenstadt on the right
- May 14th : Flavio, re de 'Longobardi , another dramma per musica by Georg Friedrich Handel has its world premiere in London with the same cast as Ottone. Nicola Francesco Haym's libretto is based on an older Roman source, Il Flavio Cuniberto by Silvio Stampiglia , which in turn goes back to a Venetian opera book of the same name by Matteo Noris for the composer Giovanni Domenico Partenio .
- August 28 : On the occasion of the coronation of Charles VI. the premiere of the coronation opera Costanza e fortezza by Johann Joseph Fux is given in Prague for the King of Bohemia .
- October 1st : The world premiere of the opera La contesa de 'numi by Antonio Caldara takes place in Prague.
- November 27 : The opera Farnace by Giovanni Bononcini is premiered at King's Theater in London.
Other musical events
- The Zimmermannsche coffee Gottfried Zimmermann in Leipzig begins a collaboration with the 1701 by Georg Philipp Telemann founded Collegium Musicum , which in the hall of the cafe performs concerts.
society
- The child witch trials in Freising end.
- The philosopher Christian Wolff had to leave the University of Halle on the orders of King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia after the Pietists , who were strongly represented there, accused him of having questioned the Christian revelation. Wolff then taught in Marburg and was able to return to Halle in 1740.
religion
Born
January to April
- January 2 : David Ruhnken , Dutch scholar († 1798 )
- January 6 : Sophie Eleonore Walther , German writer († 1754 )
- January 10 : Christoph Carl Kress von Kressenstein , German lawyer and mayor († 1791 )
- January 21 : Louis-Pierre Anquetil , French historian († 1808 )
- January 25 : Claire Clairon , French actress († 1803 )
- January 30th : Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein , German professor and naturalist († 1795 )
- February 5 : John Witherspoon , British Presbyterian, co-signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and Member of the National Congress († 1794 )
- February 8 : Antoine de Léris , French writer († 1795 )
- February 17 : Tobias Mayer , German cartographer, geographer, mathematician and astronomer († 1762 )
- February 22nd : Peter Anich , pioneer of high mountain cartography († 1766 )
- March 5 : Mary of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover , Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel († 1772 )
- March 24 : Johann Friedrich Adolf von der Marwitz , Prussian general of the Frederician era († 1781 )
- March 27 : Caroline Lennox, 1st Baroness Holland , British noblewoman († 1774 )
- March 31 : Frederick V , King of Denmark and Norway († 1766 )
- April 1 : Johann Samuel Wiesner , German Protestant theologian, educator and orientalist († 1780 )
- April 2 : Johann Georg Dirr , South German plasterer and sculptor († 1779 )
- April 11 : Franz Anton Bustelli , South German sculptor and modeler († 1763 )
- April 15 : Franz Balthasar Schönberg von Brenkenhoff , Prussian economist († 1780 )
- April 30 : Mathurin-Jacques Brisson , French zoologist and natural philosopher († 1806 )
May to August
- May 6 : Ike no Taiga , Japanese painter († 1776 )
- May 13 : Alexander von Knobelsdorff , Prussian Field Marshal General († 1799 )
- May 24 : Peter Ascanius , Norwegian zoologist and mineralogist († 1803 )
- May 24th : Antonio Caballero y Góngora , Spanish priest, colonial administrator, Archbishop of Bogotá and Viceroy of New Granada († 1796 )
- May 27 : Manuel Antonio Flórez , Spanish officer, colonial administrator and viceroy of New Granada and New Spain († 1799 )
- June 11 : Johann Georg Palitzsch , Saxon farmer astronomer († 1788 )
- June 13 : Giovanni Antonio Scopoli , Austrian physician and naturalist († 1788 )
- June 16 (baptized): Adam Smith , Scottish philosopher and economist († 1790 )
- June 16 : Iyasu II. , Negus negest of Ethiopia († 1755 )
- June 17 : Friedrich Boerner , German medic († 1761 )
- June 17 : Johann Baptist Wendling , German composer and flautist († 1797 )
- June 20 : Adam Ferguson , Scottish historian and social ethicist of the Enlightenment († 1816 )
- June 24 : George Christoph von Arnim , German officer († 1789 )
- June 30 : Christian Ernst Graf , German composer († 1804 )
- July 1 : Ulrike Sophie , Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin († 1813 )
- July 2 : Wenzel Bernard Ambrozy , Bohemian history painter († 1806 )
- July 2 : Marianna Franziska von Hornstein , princess abbess of the aristocratic women's monastery in Säckingen am Hochrhein († 1809 )
- July 3 : Heinrich Gottlieb von Lindenau , Electoral Saxon Privy Councilor, Chamberlain and Chief Stable Master († 1789 )
- July 10 : William Blackstone , English lawyer († 1780 )
- July 11 : Karoline Luise von Hessen-Darmstadt , Margravine of Baden and patroness, art collector and botanist († 1783 )
- July 16 : Joshua Reynolds , British painter († 1792 )
- July 17th : Johann Georg von Lori , Bavarian civil servant († 1787 )
- August 1 : Johann Friedrich Gruner , German Protestant theologian, historian, rhetorician and educator († 1778 )
- August 3 : Nicolas de Pigage , French builder († 1796 )
September to December
- September 7th : Jacques Pierre Abbatucci , Corsican general († 1813 )
- September 25 : Friedrich Melchior Grimm , German writer and diplomat († 1807 )
- October 1 : Georg Rudolf Böhmer , German medic and botanist († 1803 )
- October 16 : Georg Heinrich Macheleid , Thuringian manufacturer, one of the post-inventors of porcelain († 1801 )
- October 16 : Pascha Johann Friedrich Weitsch , German landscape painter and draftsman († 1803 )
- October 23 : Jean Baptiste Feronce von Rotenkreutz , statesman in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel († 1799 )
- November 3 : Johann Christoph Rudolph , German lawyer and university professor († 1792 )
- November 4th : Friedrich Wilhelm III. , Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Prussian colonel and governor of Brandenburg an der Havel († 1757 )
- November 6th : Johann Christian Wernsdorf I. , German writer, poet and rhetorician († 1793 )
- November 8th : John Byron , English explorer of the South Seas († 1786 )
- November 9th : Amalie von Prussia , German composer, sister of Frederick the Great († 1787 )
- November 11th : Johann Jacob Stahel , German bookseller and printer († 1787 )
- November 14 : Johann Ludwig Aberli , Swiss painter († 1786 )
- November 14th : Johann Christian Krüger , German writer, actor and playwright († 1750 )
- November 22nd : Pierre Michel d'Ixnard , French builder († 1795 )
- December 8th : Paul Heinrich Dietrich von Holbach , baron of German descent living in Paris († 1789 )
- December 19 : Susanne von Klettenberg , German canon and religious writer († 1774 )
- December 22nd : Carl Friedrich Abel , German composer († 1787 )
- December 26 : Teresa Albuzzi-Todeschini , Italian opera singer († 1760 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Jakob Abraham , German medalist († 1800 )
- Karl von Amadei , Belgian general († 1796 )
- Crispus Attucks , martyr of the Boston massacre († 1770 )
- Marcus Elieser Bloch , German ichthyologist († 1799 )
- Teresa Cornelys , Italian opera singer and entrepreneur († 1797 )
- Gavin Hamilton , Scottish history and portrait painter, archaeologist and art dealer († 1798 )
- Noble Wimberly Jones , American politician († 1805 )
- Jean Pestré , French theologian and encyclopaedist († 1821 )
- Ozawa Roan , Japanese poet († 1801 )
- Daniel Rolander , Swedish naturalist († 1793 )
- Francesco Antonio Uttini , Italian composer († 1795 )
- Antonio González Velázquez , Spanish painter († 1793 )
Died
First half of the year
- January 7th : Wilhelm Friedrich , Margrave of the Franconian Principality of Ansbach (* 1686 )
- January 11 : Campegius Vitringa the Younger , Dutch Reformed theologian (* 1693 )
- January 20 : Elisabeth Charlotte von Anhalt-Harzgerode , Princess of Anhalt-Köthen, then Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg (* 1647 )
- February 2 : Antonio Maria Valsalva , Italian anatomist and surgeon (* 1666 )
- February 5 : Johann Daniel Herrnschmidt , German Lutheran theologian (* 1675 )
- February 7th : Carlo Francesco Pollarolo , Italian organist and composer (* around 1653 )
- February 8 : Eleonore Barbara von Thun and Hohenstein , Princess of Liechtenstein (* 1661 )
- February 23 : Anna Henriette Julie von Pfalz-Simmern , titular Countess Palatine and Princess von Condè (* 1648 )
- February 25 : Leopold Eberhard , Prince Count von Mömpelgard and Count von Coligny (* 1670 )
- February 26 : Thomas d'Urfey , English author (* 1653 )
- March 8 : Christopher Wren , British mathematician and astronomer (* 1632 )
- March 12th : Anna Christine Luise , Countess Palatine von Sulzbach, Duchess of Savoy and Crown Princess of Sardinia-Piedmont (* 1704 )
- March 15 : Johann Christian Günther , German poet (* 1695 )
- April 4 : Friederike Henriette von Anhalt-Bernburg , Princess of Anhalt-Köthen (* 1702 )
- April 5 : Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach , Austrian architect (* 1656 )
- April 9 : Paul Georg Krüsike , German poet (* 1641 )
- April 24th : Jean Daniel Abraham Davel , Vaudois revolutionary (* 1670 )
- May 2 : Christoph , Prince and Margrave of Baden-Durlach (* 1684 )
- May 10 : Meinrad Guggenbichler , Swiss sculptor in Austria (* 1649 )
- June 4th : Angelo Maria Fiorè , Italian composer and cellist (* 1660 )
- June 4th : Leopold Clemens Karl , Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (* 1707 )
- June 10 : Leopold Schlik zu Bassano and Weißkirchen , Imperial General War Commissioner, Ambassador, Field Marshal and Bohemian Court Chancellor (* 1663 )
Second half of the year
- July 4th : Johann Christoph Männling , German poet and writer (* 1658 )
- July 28 : Soror Mariana Alcoforado , Portuguese nun and writer (* 1640 )
- August 10 : Guillaume Dubois , French cardinal and minister (* 1656 )
- August 16 : Niels Stromberg , Swedish officer (* 1646 )
- August 17th : Dorothea von Pfalz-Veldenz , Duchess of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (* 1658 )
- August 21 : Dimitrie Cantemir , Voivode of Moldova, historian, music theorist, geographer and universal scientist, humanist and encyclopaedist (* 1673 )
- August 23 : Increase Mather , Puritan pastor in Massachusetts and President of Harvard University (* 1639 )
- August 26th : Antoni van Leeuwenhoek , Dutch naturalist and microscope maker (* 1632 )
- August 31 : Franz Anton Adolph von Wagensperg , Prince-Bishop of Seckau and Prince-Bishop of Chiemsee (* 1675 )
- September 23 : Domenico Antonio Mele , Italian poet and librettist (* 1647 )
- September: Justus Falckner , German-American pastor (* 1672 )
- October 8 : Euthymios Saifi , Bishop of Tire and Sidon of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church and founder of the order (* 1643 )
- October 13 : Praskowja Fyodorovna Saltykowa , Tsarina of Russia (* 1664 )
- October 19 : Johann Christian Bucke , German Lutheran theologian (* 1672 )
- October 19 : Godfrey Kneller , German portrait painter and court artist in London (* 1646 )
- October 30 : Johann Werner von Veyder , auxiliary bishop and vicar general in Cologne (* 1657 )
- October 31 : Cosimo III. de 'Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany (* 1642 )
- November 8th : Georg Serpilius , Protestant theologian and song writer (* 1668 )
- November 12 : Joseph Clemens of Bavaria , Archbishop and Elector of Cologne (* 1671 )
- December 2 : Philippe II. Charles de Bourbon, duc d'Orléans , regent of France (* 1674 )
- December 6th : Amalia Pachelbel , German painter and engraver (* 1688 )
- December 7th : Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel , Bohemian architect and painter (* 1677 )
- December 30th : August Quirinus Rivinus , German medic and botanist (* 1652 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Anthony Brockholls , English governor of the province of New York (* around 1656 )
- Dsanabadsar , religious head of Lamaism in Mongolia (* 1635 )
- René Auguste Constantin de Renneville , French author and prisoner of the Bastille (* 1650 )
- Silâhdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa , Ottoman historiographer (* 1658 )
- Willem Adriaan van der Stel , Dutch governor of the Cape Colony (* 1664 )
Web links
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