Principality of Fürstenberg

; Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Principality of Fürstenberg
coat of arms
	map
Arose from	Heiligenberg county
Form of rule	Absolute Monarchy
Ruler / government	Prince
Today's region / s	DE-BW
Parliament	1 virile vote on the secular bench in the Reichsfürstenrat
Reich register	448
Reichskreis	Swabian Empire
Capitals / residences	Donaueschingen
Dynasties	Princely house of Fürstenberg
Denomination / Religions	Catholic
Language / n	German
surface	approx. 2,000 km²
Residents	79,000 (1770)
Incorporated into	Mediatization 1806 Grand Duchy of Baden ; Kingdom of Württemberg ; Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ;

The principality of Fürstenberg is the generic term for the areas ruled by the imperial princes of Fürstenberg in the Swabian Empire . The principality existed as imperial territory from the elevation of Hermann Egon to the imperial princehood (1664) until mediatization in 1806.

Size and population

Under Froben Ferdinand von Fürstenberg-Mößkirch (1664–1741) the ruling conglomerate, organized according to modern and efficient administrative aspects, extended from Löffingen in the west to Neufra on the Danube and from Lake Constance to Trochtelfingen . When mediatization in 1806, the principality of Fürstenberg came predominantly to the Grand Duchy of Baden. This part made up 29.96 square miles with 71,699 residents. The estimated value for the year 1770 is approx. 2,000 km² with 79,000 inhabitants for the entire principality. The margraviate of Baden-Durlach covered about 1,631 km² and in 1746 had about 90,000 inhabitants, i. H. In the middle of the 18th century, the Principality of Fürstenberg was the most important territory in the Swabian Empire, alongside the Duchy of Württemberg and the Margraviate of Baden-Durlach.

Residential cities

From 1664 to 1716 the residence was in Heiligenberg . From 1716 to 1723 the residences of the two partial principalities were in Stühlingen and Meßkirch . In 1723 Prince Joseph Wilhelm moved his residence from Stühlingen to Donaueschingen , which remained the residence of the now unified principality even after the Fürstenberg-Mößkirch line had died out.

Territorial development

From 1664 to 1716 the principality comprised only the areas belonging to the Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg line - in particular the county of Heiligenberg .

From 1716 to 1744 the principalities of Fürstenberg-Stühlingen and Fürstenberg-Meßkirch existed side by side.

After the Fürstenberg-Messkirch line died out in 1744, Prince Joseph Wilhelm Ernst zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen united all the Swabian possessions of the entire Fürstenberg house.

Political weight in the empire

The principality had a virile vote on the secular prince's bench at the Reichstag . In the Swabian district, Fürstenberg had one vote on the Fürstenbank and five votes on the Herrenbank. As a Catholic house in the Reichstag, Fürstenberg belonged to the Corpus Catholicorum .

coat of arms

The Fürstenberg coat of arms brings together elements of the coat of arms of the Zähringen and Counts of Urach - both ancestors of the Fürstenberg Princely House. The red eagle in the golden field comes from the Zähringers, the frame with blue and white fur ( heraldic furrier ) is borrowed from the lower part of the Urach coat of arms. The eagle has a squared heart shield that contains the coat of arms of Werdenberg (silver church flag in red) and Heiligenberg (black sloping bar).

House of Lords

The history of the Counts of Fürstenberg goes back to the 11th century. In 1664 Hermann Egon was raised to the rank of imperial prince. The important members of the Princely House devoted themselves primarily to the service of the Wittelsbach and Habsburg houses and cared relatively little about the Principality, where they only rarely stayed. The later princes no longer earned any merit in the empire, but also developed the country little, but promoted the arts.

administration

The principality was divided into 14 main offices (Hüfingen, Möhringen, Blumberg, Löffingen, Neustadt, Stühlingen, Heiligenberg, Trochtelfingen, Jungnau, Neufra, Wolfach, Haslach, Meßkirch, Engen).

The government in Donaueschingen included a chancellor , three court and two chamber councilors and the princely archivist . She was responsible for the court pay office and the financial administration.

Law

Until its end, the principality had no civil code - not even for individual parts of the country. Regulations have been issued for individual areas of law, B. the forest regulations for the Landgraviate of Stühlingen.

Finance

The principality was already in debt to around 1 million guilders by 1750. After Prince Josef Wenzel took office in 1762, the debt rose sharply and amounted to 1.8 million guilders at his death (1783). His successor was forced to negotiate a special tax with the Landscapes of the Principality.

Coinage

In 1500, Emperor Maximilian I granted Count Wolfgang von Fürstenberg the right to mint. Ferdinand II. And Ferdinand III. 1627 and 1642 this right for the Fürstenberg Counts Wladislaw and Friedrich Rudolf. A thaler from Count Egon († 1635) is the oldest known Fürstenberg coin. However, the Counts and Princes of Fürstenberg never had their own mint , although there were various plans to do so. The minting of the Fürstenberg coins took place primarily in Stuttgart , Munich and Günzburg . Prince Karl Joachim had the last Fürstenberg coins minted .

Military affairs

The principality of Fürstenberg had to provide contingents to the troops of the Swabian imperial circle. According to the district resolution of 1732, in the event of war there were 380 men who belonged to the 2nd District Infantry Regiment and 68 men who belonged to the District Cuirassier Regiment . From a population of approx. 80,000, a contingent of approx. 450 men had to be made. In peacetime, half the crew was to be kept in the garrison .

Fürstenberg cuirassier around 1770
Fürstenberg Grenadier around 1790
Fürstenberg musketeer around 1790

calendar

In the principality - as in the whole empire up to 1582 - the Julian calendar was in effect . While other Catholic imperial estates changed the calendar more quickly, the principality did not change until the end of 1583. There were also different reference dates for the different parts of the country. Count Heinrich von Fürstenberg put for his part (the Baar and the rule over forest) for the 15th of November ^jul./ November 25, 1583 ^greg.firmly. Count Albrecht decreed for the Kinzig valley, which was under his government, on November 18th ^July./ November 28, 1583 ^greg.the calendar change. For the county of Heiligenberg and the dominions of Jugnau and Trochtelfingen, the conversion also took place at the end of 1583, although the exact dates are not known.

religion

Map of the Diocese of Constance with the archdeaconates

The Princely House and thus the Principality remained with the Catholic religion. Ecclesiastically, the territory belonged to the Diocese of Constance ( Archidiakonat Schwarzwald or "vor Wald"), which was dissolved in 1821 - after the principality was mediatized.

Jews

As in many territories, Jews were allowed to settle in Fürstenberg for a while and letters of protection were issued by the princes for appropriate payment. Such a letter of protection for the Jews expired on April 1, 1743 and Prince Joseph Wilhelm expelled the Jews from his country.

The community in Stühlingen had existed since the 16th century and around 1700 had around 25 families. The Jewish community in Stühlingen only built a new synagogue in 1720 .

The Jews in Donaueschingen , where they had lived since around 1650 and were represented by 18 families in 1713, had to leave the principality in 1743.

Secularization of the monasteries in the principality

After in 1801 in the Peace Treaty of Lunéville between France and Austria, large areas of the empire on the left bank of the Rhine were ceded to France and the empire was obliged to compensate the affected German princes, the Perpetual Reichstag dealt with this compensation scheme. This happened through the secularization of ecclesiastical as well as mediatization of smaller secular rulers of previous imperial estates . The Principality of Fürstenberg had not lost any areas on the left bank of the Rhine and therefore had no claim to compensation. After the princely government became aware that the monasteries on the territory of the principality were to be awarded to the Teutonic Order as part of its compensation, the principality in turn raised claims to these monasteries at the Reichstag on October 28, 1802 in order to use their income and assets and finance educational institutions. It has also been claimed that the principality wanted to abolish the monasteries as early as 1786, but there is no evidence of this.

After the Teutonic Order, under the influence of its Grand Master, Karl von Österreich-Teschen , waived its claims in this regard, the princely government followed up on November 2, 1802. and in its 24th session on November 6th, 1802, the extraordinary imperial deputation decided to transfer the monasteries to the principality.

In November 1802, the property of the monasteries on Fürstenberg territory was temporarily taken over by order of Prince Karl Joachim zu Fürstenberg . At the end of 1802 and beginning of 1803 the final occupation took place. It was in particular 8 Convents (u. A. Kloster Friedenweiler , Kloster Neudingen ).

After the principality was mediatized in 1806, the Baden government wanted to withdraw the monastery assets from the Fürstenberg family and use them for the social and educational expenses of the new state, the Grand Duchy of Baden . In the end, however, four women's convents were dispensed with, although the Fürstenberg family had practically not carried out the plans "announced to the Reich Deputation regarding schooling and sickness" in 1802.

"Through the confiscation of the property of the Order, the Fürstenberg family came into possession of important properties and rents and was able to maintain them. Its permanent profit consisted of 2,100 hectares of forests and fields, which made up about tenth of the princely private properties." Part of this gain was the fortune of the Neudingen monastery.

Mediatization

In 1804 the eight year old Karl Egon II. Zu Fürstenberg inherited the imperial prince Karl Joachim . His mother, Elisabeth zu Fürstenberg, took over the custodial government together with a distant uncle from the Moravian line, Landgrave Joachim Egon von Fürstenberg . Government affairs were in the hands of Joseph Kleiser von Kleisheim , the district president who was still appointed by Karl Joachim. Although Karl Joachim showed sympathy for the new France and tried to break away from the Habsburgs, the Fürstenberg family was regarded as partisans of Austria. The family's extensive estates in Austria and Bohemia strengthened France in this view. The Fürstenberg house also had no children of marriageable age, which made it out of the question for Napoleon's plans to connect his family with the European nobility. This was a significantly worse starting position compared to the neighbors from Bavaria, Württemberg and Baden when it came to the reorganization of southern Germany. Kleiser's efforts to come to an agreement with other imperial-free estates on a new common state and to enforce this concept with Napoleon and his diplomats failed. Ultimately, the only goal of the Fürstenberg diplomacy was to come to Baden as closely as possible and to avoid the unpopular Württemberg rule.

In 1806, the Rheinbundakte resulted in the mediatization of the Principality of Fürstenberg and its division into Baden , Württemberg and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen , with the largest part falling to Baden. Only the offices of Jungnau and Trochtelfingen and parts of the office of Messkirch were added to Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, the office of Neufra was given to the Kingdom of Württemberg.

Components of the Principality

The territories ruled by the imperial princes zu Fürstenberg in the Swabian imperial circle are counted as the principality . The holdings of the Princely House of Fürstenberg in Bohemia (United Lordship and Goods Pürglitz , Kruschowitz , Nischburg , Wschetat , Panaschow-Augezd , Skřiwan , Podmokl and Woleschna ), Moravia and Austria ( Weitra , Reinpolz , Wasen) are not included because they are under Austrian rule. The Swabian possessions were a mixture of allodial goods and imperial fiefs , whereby the rights to which the Fürstenberg were entitled in the individual areas were again quite different.

Sub-area	Year of purchase	Previous owner	Type of acquisition
Landgraviate of Baar	1218	Count of Sulz
Haslach rule	1250
Reign of Wolfach	1290	Friedrich von Wolfach	Marriage and inheritance
Burg Burg and Herrschaft Hausach	1303	Count of Freiburg	marriage
Reign of Wartenberg	around 1307	Noble from Wartenberg	heritage
Prechtal reign	1409	Count of Habsburg-Laufenburg	Condominium with Baden-Durlach
City of Donaueschingen	1488	Barbara von Habsberg	purchase
Reign of Romberg	1490	Gentlemen von Geroldseck	purchase
Lordship of Lenzkirch	1491	Lords of Blumenegg	Purchase May 6, 1491
Reign of Schenkenzell	1498	Gentlemen von Geroldseck	purchase
Bachzimmerer Valley	1527	Philipp von Almshofen	purchase
Reign of Trochtelfingen	1534	Counts of Werdenberg-Sargans	heritage
Jungnau rule	1534	Counts of Werdenberg-Sargans	heritage
County of Heiligenberg (formerly Linzgau )	1534	Counts of Werdenberg-Sargans	heritage
Lordship of Blumberg	1537	Lords of Bodmann	purchase
Reign of Möhringen	1553	Hans Amstad to Randegg	purchase
City of Hüfingen	1620	Barons of Schellenberg	purchase
Messkirch reign	1627	Count of Helfenstein
Lordship of Gundelfingen	1627	Count of Helfenstein	heritage
Reign of Neufra	1627	Count of Helfenstein
Reign of Wildenstein	1627	Count of Helfenstein
Reign of Falkenstein	1627	Count of Helfenstein
Landgraviate of Stühlingen	1639	Counts of Papenheim
Lordship of Hohenhöwen (Hohenhewen)	1639	Counts of Papenheim
Reign of Waldsberg	1656
Herrschaft Schlatt am Randen	1749	Diepold von Tannenberg	purchase
Reign of Aulfingen	1776	Barons of Wessenberg
Lordship of Hausen in front of the forest	1783	Barons of Schellenberg

Ruling princes of Fürstenberg

Name (life data)	Reign	Remarks
Hermann Egon zu Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (born November 5, 1627; † September 10, 1674 in Munich)	1664-1674
Anton Egon zu Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (born April 23, 1656 in Munich , † October 10, 1716 in the old hunting lodge Wermsdorf in Wermsdorf )	1674-1716
Froben Ferdinand Maria zu Fürstenberg-Mößkirch (born August 6, 1664 in Meßkirch ; † April 4, 1741 )	1716-1741
Karl Friedrich Nikolaus zu Fürstenberg-Mößkirch (born August 9, 1714 in Meßkirch ; † September 7, 1744 in Hüfingen )	1741-1744
Joseph Wilhelm Ernst zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen (born April 13, 1699 in Augsburg , † April 29, 1762 in Vienna )	1744-1762	moved the residence from Stühlingen to Donaueschingen in 1723; in 1744 united the Stühlingen line with the now extinct Messkirch line; he organized a uniform state administration and is therefore considered the real founder of the principality
Joseph Wenzel zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen (born March 21, 1728 in Prague ; † June 2, 1783 in Donaueschingen )	1762-1783	founded the court chapel in 1762; introduced fire insurance in 1777; disabled industrial establishments and encouraged home work
Joseph Maria Benedikt zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen (born January 9, 1758 in Donaueschingen; † June 24, 1796 in Donaueschingen )	1783-1796	founded the court theater in 1784
Karl Joachim Franz de Paula zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen (born March 31, 1771 in Donaueschingen ; † May 17, 1804 in Donaueschingen )	1796-1804
Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg (born October 28, 1796 in Prague , † October 22, 1854 in Ischl )	1804-1806

literature

Siegmund Riezler : History of the Princely House of Fürstenberg and its ancestors up to 1509. Tübingen 1883. online at the Düsseldorf University Library
Georg Tumbülle: The Principality of Fürstenberg from its beginnings to its mediatization in 1806. Freiburg 1908.
Andres Wilts: "Erased from the number of immediate imperial princes". The mediatization and repositioning of the principality of Fürstenberg 1806. In: Casimir Bumiller (Hrsg.): Adel im Wandel. 200 years of mediation in Upper Swabia. Catalog for the exhibition in Sigmaringen from May 13 to October 29, 2006 . Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 978-3-7995-0216-0 , pp. 333-348.
Ernst Münch : History of the house and state of Fürstenberg . 3 vols. Mayer, Aachen and Leipzig 1829–1832; continued with vol. 4 by Carl Borromäus Alois Fickler , Karlsruhe 1847. - Digitized copies of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek: Volume 1 , Volume 2 , Volume 3 and Volume 4
CBA Fickler: Brief history of the Fürstenberg, Geroldseck and von der Leyen houses. Karlsruhe 1844 Digital copies of the Bavarian State Library
Furstenberg. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 9, Leipzig 1735, columns 2251-2260.
Markus Lischer: Fürstenberg, from. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Andreas Wilts: Fürstenberg. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Karl Stiefel: Baden 1648-1952. Karlsruhe 1979.
Ronald G. Asch : Art. Fürstenberg. In: Meinrad Schaab , Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History . Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , pp. 334-349.
Ronald G. Asch: Administration and civil service. The territories of the Counts of Fürstenberg from the end of the Middle Ages to the Swedish War 1490-1632. Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-17-009429-7 .
Ingfried Dold: The development of the civil service relationship in the Principality of Fürstenberg in the time of the late natural law (1744-1806). Allensbach 1961.
Daniel Wesely: Tax reform and cadastral mapping in the Principality of Fürstenberg in the 18th century. Frankfurt am Main 1995, ISBN 3-631-48333-3 .
Georg Tumbülle: The Fürstenberg contingent of the Swabian district In: Writings of the association for history and natural history of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. XVII. Issue 1928, Donaueschingen 1928, pp. 1–12. baarverein.de (PDF; 41.1 MB)
Thomas Zech: The Fürstenberg contingent of the Swabian district 1732-1806. thz-historia.de (PDF)
Karl Siegfried Bader : The Landgraviate of Baar before and during its transition to the House of Fürstenberg. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. XXV. Issue 1960, Donaueschingen 1960, pp. 9–38, baarverein.de (PDF; 42.2 MB)
Thomas Zech: The Counts of Fürstenberg-Haslach (1286-1386). 2007, thz-historia.de (PDF)
Anton Schlude: History of the mountain fortress Wildenstein in the Donauthale. Sigmaringen 1856. Google book search
Georg Tumbülle: The increase in the Fürstenberg property by Count Friedrich (1510–1559). In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. IX. Issue 1896, Tübingen 1896, pp. 1–15, baarverein.de (PDF; 32.89 MB)
FK Barth: The Baaremer farmer in the last century before the mediatization of the Principality of Fürstenberg (1700–1806) In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. XVII. Issue 1928, Donaueschingen 1928, pp. 13–98, baarverein.de (PDF; 41.13 MB)
Johann Gotthelf Beschorner: Historical-topographical description of the Principality of Fürstenberg in Swabia , Donaueschingen 1803 Digitized by the Bavarian State Library

Web links

Commons : Fürstenhaus Fürstenberg - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Fürstentum Fürstenberg - Sources and full texts

Regional studies online - discover Baden-Württemberg

Individual evidence

^ Lecture on a glamorous epoch . In: Südkurier of March 23, 2011

↑ s. Stiefel Vol. 1, pp. 426-428.

↑ s. Zech p. 7; for comparison: the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland had 75,677 inhabitants in 2009; the German state Saarland has an area of 2,568 km²

↑ s. Fickler pp. 45/46

↑ Friedrich Karl Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg: The Fürstenberg coat of arms. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar, Volume 51, 2008, Donaueschingen 1880; P. 15f. online (PDF; 51.9 MB)

↑ s. Asch: Art. Fürstenberg, p. 345.

↑ Meinrad Schaab, Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History. Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , p. 345.

^ See Anton Mayer: Contributions to the history of Baden civil law up to the introduction of the new land law. Bellevue bei Constanz, 1844, pp. 110–114 in Google Book Search .

↑ s. Asch: Art. Fürstenberg, pp. 346–347.

↑ Christian Jakob August von Berstett: Coin history of the Zähringen-Baden Princely House and the cities and landscapes united under his scepter , Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1846, p. 123

↑ s. Zech, p. 8.

↑ Baumann: Introduction of the Gregorian calendar in the Fürstenbergische Baar 1583 . In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. V. Issue 1885, Tübingen 1885, pp. 144–145, baarverein.de (PDF)

^ Georg Tumbülle: The introduction of the Gregorian calendar in the Fürstenberg lands . In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. XV. Issue 1924, Tübingen 1924, pp. 83–85, baarverein.de (PDF)

↑ s. History of Stühlingen on the community's homepage ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2
↑ see description of the history of the Jewish community in Stühlingen on the alemannia-judaica homepage
↑ History of the Jewish community see description of the history of the Jewish community in Donaueschingen on the homepage alemannia-judaica
↑ Supplements to the protocols of the Extraordinary Imperial Deputation in Regensburg , Regensburg 1803, Volume 2 (Supplements CI to CC), Item 173: Princely-Fürstenbergic conception, the planned abolition of the 8 women's monasteries in his country, as well as some hospices, p. 252– 254, google book search
^ Probably a gift from the House of Habsburg to the House of Fürstenberg, who were loyal to them
↑ Supplements to the protocols of the extraordinary Reichsdeputation in Regensburg , Regensburg 1803, Volume 2 (Supplements CI to CC), number 174: Princely-Fürstenberg presentation, relating to this very subject. Pp. 254–256 Google Book Search
↑ Minutes of the Extraordinary Imperial Deputation in Regensburg , Regensburg 1803, Volume 1, 24th session, § 147 Princely-Fürstenberg Presentation, concerning the domestic media monasteries. P. 489 Google Book Search
↑ Schmid p. 283
↑ Schmid p. 283
↑ s. Asch: Art. Fürstenberg, p. 349.
↑ Haslach - Kinzigtal / Ortenau.
^ Friedrich I. von Fürstenberg married the heiress Udelhild von Wolfach
↑ Husen castle ruins in the Kinzig valley.
↑ Heinrich II. Von Fürstenberg was married to the daughter of Anna von Wartenberg
↑ s. Asch p. 338
↑ s. Fürstenbergisches Urkundenbuch: Collection of sources on the history of the Fürstenberg house and its lands in Swabia. 4. Sources of history d. Count v. Fuerstenberg 1480-1509 . Tübingen 1897, No. 129; Pp. 120-123; Count Heinrich von Fürstenberg buys the Lenzkirch estate from the von Blumegg lords online at the Düsseldorf University Library

[1] Lecture on a glamorous epoch . In: Südkurier of March 23, 2011

[2] s. Stiefel Vol. 1, pp. 426-428.

[3] s. Zech p. 7; for comparison: the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland had 75,677 inhabitants in 2009; the German state Saarland has an area of 2,568 km²

[4] s. Fickler pp. 45/46

[5] Friedrich Karl Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg: The Fürstenberg coat of arms. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar, Volume 51, 2008, Donaueschingen 1880; P. 15f. online (PDF; 51.9 MB)

[6] s. Asch: Art. Fürstenberg, p. 345.

[7] Meinrad Schaab, Hansmartin Schwarzmaier (ed.) U. a .: Handbook of Baden-Württemberg History. Volume 2: The Territories in the Old Kingdom. Edited on behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-608-91466-8 , p. 345.

[8] See Anton Mayer: Contributions to the history of Baden civil law up to the introduction of the new land law. Bellevue bei Constanz, 1844, pp. 110–114 in Google Book Search .

[9] s. Asch: Art. Fürstenberg, pp. 346–347.

[10] Christian Jakob August von Berstett: Coin history of the Zähringen-Baden Princely House and the cities and landscapes united under his scepter , Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1846, p. 123

[11] s. Zech, p. 8.

[12] Baumann: Introduction of the Gregorian calendar in the Fürstenbergische Baar 1583 . In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. V. Issue 1885, Tübingen 1885, pp. 144–145, baarverein.de (PDF)

[13] Georg Tumbülle: The introduction of the Gregorian calendar in the Fürstenberg lands . In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. XV. Issue 1924, Tübingen 1924, pp. 83–85, baarverein.de (PDF)