Mint
A mint or mint (also mint ) is a public institution that exchange rate and commemorative coins on behalf of an imprinted . A synonymous abbreviation for a mint is coin , which is reflected in the names of many mints.
German mints
After the German Empire was founded in 1871, the right to mint coins was transferred from the individual German states to the Reich. By decision of the Federal Council of 7 December 1871 uppercase characters of the alphabet as mint mark ( Münzbuchstaben ) used - and in the order in which the states in Article 6 of the Constitution were listed in rank. I was left out because of the risk of confusion with J (which now represented Hamburg), 1 (one) and I (Roman one). These mintmarks replaced the previous mintmaster marks .
Mint mark | place | time | comment |
---|---|---|---|
A. | Berlin | since 1750 | State Mint Berlin , temporarily VEB Münze Berlin |
B. | Vienna (A) | 1938-1944 | (German Empire) |
Hanover | 1866-1878 | (Kingdom of Prussia) | |
Glatz (PL) | 1813 | (Kingdom of Prussia) | |
Wroclaw (PL) | 1812-1826 1799-1803 1750-1768 |
(Kingdom of Prussia) | |
C. | Frankfurt am Main | 1866-1879 | (Kingdom of Prussia) |
Kleve | 1750-1767 | (Kingdom of Prussia) | |
D. | Munich | since 1871 | Bavarian main mint |
Dusseldorf | 1817-1848 | (Kingdom of Prussia) | |
Aurich | 1750-1763 | (Kingdom of Prussia) | |
E. | Muldenhütten | 1887-1953 | (Kingdom of Saxony, Free State of Saxony, Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany, GDR) |
Dresden | 1872-1887 | (Electorate of Saxony, Kingdom of Saxony; founded in 1556, from 1872 minted on behalf of the empire with Mz. E, previously with Mm. ) | |
Koenigsberg (RUS) | 1751-1803 1456-1728 1261-1309 |
(Kingdom of Prussia) | |
F. | Stuttgart | since 1872 | State Coins of Baden-Württemberg ( State Mint Stuttgart ) |
Magdeburg | 1750-1769 | (Kingdom of Prussia) | |
G | Karlsruhe | since 1872 | State Coins of Baden-Württemberg ( State Mint Karlsruhe ) |
Szczecin (PL) | 1752-1754 | (Kingdom of Prussia) | |
H | Darmstadt | 1872-1882 | (Grand Duchy of Hesse) |
I. | - | - | not used due to risk of confusion with J (Hamburg), 1 (one) and I (Roman one) |
J | Hamburg | since 1873 | Hamburg Mint |
K | Strasbourg (F) | 1871-1918 | (German Empire) |
T | Tabora (EAT) | 1916 | (German East Africa; today Tanzania ) |
Br | Brussels (B) | 1915-1918 | for the coins of the German occupation in Belgium |
GG | Ghent (B) | Company Geeraert, Ghent, for the emergency coins of the city of Ghent | |
Menden | 1921 | Heinrich Kissing company, Menden, for emergency coins from the province of Westphalia (but only those from 1921) | |
Me | Meissen | 1920 | Meißen porcelain factory for emergency coins from the German Empire |
P | Paris (F) | for the coins of the Saarland | |
U | Utrecht (NL) | 1923 | Utrecht, Netherlands, for part of the coins of Gdansk |
Lissa (CZ) | 1940-1944 | Mint Vichr in Lysá nad Labem for the coins of Bohemia and Moravia ( Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia ) | |
arrow | Warsaw (PL) | 1923 (with old stamps), 1938 (with old stamps), 1939 | for the coins of the General Government of Poland, issue announced on April 23, 1940 |
In the places highlighted in bold are the 5 German state mints that are still active today . Coins are still minted in Vienna (A), Utrecht (NL) and Paris (F). |
See also the Wettin mints:
Mint Anna Berg , mint Bautzen , mint Buchholz , mint Colditz , mint Freiberg , mint Gotha , mint green Thal , mint Langensalza , mint Leipzig , mint Sanger Hausen , mint snow mountain , mint Weimar , mint Wittenberg , mint Zwickau , Kippermünzstätten (course axes) . (Dresden Mint see table)
Switzerland: Federal Mint
The Swissmint in Bern is the official mint of the Swiss Confederation .
Swiss coins bear the mint mark B for the Swissmint in Bern. The fifty cent coins from 1968 and 1969 and the one and two franc coins from 1968 exist both with and without a mintmark, the latter were minted in London. The capacities of the Federal Mint were no longer sufficient at that time, as after the sharp rise in the price of silver, the silver coins were hoarded and had to be replaced by copper-nickel coins. Also without a mintmark are the two - centime coins from the year 1969 minted in London, some of the fifty-centime coins from 1970 (indistinguishable from the Bernese coins, as both have no mintmark) and some of the one-franc coins from 1969 (nevertheless with a "B", ie not distinguishable from the Bern coinage).
Mint mark | place | time | comment |
---|---|---|---|
[no sign] | London | 1968-1969 | |
Bern | 1970-1985 | ||
A. | Paris | 1850-1852 | France |
AB BB |
Strasbourg | France | |
B. | Bern | 1853–1969 from 1986 |
|
London | 1969 | One-franc pieces | |
B. | Brussels | Belgium |
Austrian mints
Habsburg Monarchy (including the Kingdom of Bohemia , the Kingdom of Hungary , the Principality of Transylvania , Burgau , the Austrian Netherlands , the Duchy of Milan and Veneto ), the
Austrian Empire , the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy , Austria in the German Empire and the Austrian Second Republic
Mint mark | place | time | comment |
---|---|---|---|
A. | Vienna | 1765-1873 | |
B. | Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz | 1765-1848 1849-1868 |
Hungarian half of the empire , today Kremnica ( Slovakia ) |
Vienna | 1938-1944 | German Empire | |
BL | Brussels | 1781-1789 | Austrian Netherlands , now Belgium |
C. | Gyulafehérvár / Karlsburg for Austria | 1761-1764 |
Principality of Transylvania , today Alba Iulia ( Romania ) only copper coins |
Praha / Prague | 1767-1856 | Kingdom of Bohemia, now the Czech Republic | |
CA | Gyulafehérvár / Karlsburg for Austria | 1746-1765 | Principality of Transylvania, today Alba Iulia (Romania) only Francis I ( co-regent ) |
1764-1765 | Principality of Transylvania, today Alba Iulia (Romania) only copper 1 Pfennig and copper ½ Kreuzer |
||
D. | Graz | 1767-1772 | |
Salzburg | 1800-1809 | ||
E. | Gyulafehérvár / Karlsburg | 1765-1867 | Grand Duchy of Transylvania, today Alba Iulia (Romania) |
F. | Hall in Tirol | 1765-1809 | Mint Hall, now a museum (the last coins were the Hofer cruisers ) |
G | Graz | 1761-1763 | copper coins only |
Günzburg for Austria | 1764-1765 | silver coins only | |
Gunzburg | 1772-1779 |
Margraviate Burgau , today Germany only for Burgau |
|
Nagybánya / Frauenbach | 1767-1848 1849-1851 |
Grand Duchy of Transylvania, today Baia Mare (Romania) | |
GR | Graz | 1746-1765 | only Franz I (co-regent) |
GY.F. | Gyulafehérvár / Karlsburg | 1868-1871 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Alba Iulia (Romania) |
H | Hall in Tirol | 1760-1780 | Mint Hall, now a museum |
Gunzburg | 1766-1805 | today Germany | |
HA | Hall in Tirol | 1746-1765 | Mint Hall, today museum only Franz I (co-regent) |
Hall in Tirol for Hungary | 1752-1754 | Mint Hall, now museum only silver Poltura |
|
K | Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz for Austria | 1760-1780 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia) only copper coins |
Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz | 1767-1776 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia) only ½ and 1 convention thaler (if the silver is state) |
|
Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz for Gorizia | 1788-1789 1794; 1799 |
Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia) | |
KB | Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz | 1540-1765 1848-1849 1868-1918 |
Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia) |
KB – KD | Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz | 1765 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia) only gold ducats |
KM | Körmöczbánya / Kremnitz | 1763; 1765 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Kremnica (Slovakia) only copper Poltura |
M. | Milano / Milan | 1786-1859 | today Italy |
N | Nagybánya / Frauenbach for Austria | 1780 | Grand Duchy of Transylvania, today Baia Mare (Romania) |
NB | Nagybánya / Frauenbach | 1580-1765 1849 |
Principality of Transylvania, today Baia Mare (Romania) |
1766-1780 | Grand Duchy of Transylvania, today Baia Mare (Romania) only gold ducats |
||
O | Oravicabánya / Oravicza | 1812-1816 | Banat military border , today Oravița (Romania) |
P | Praha / Prague for Austria | 1760-1764 | Kingdom of Bohemia, now the Czech Republic, only copper coins |
PR | Praha / Prague for Austria | 1746-1765 | Kingdom of Bohemia, today the Czech Republic only Franz I (co-regent) |
S. | Szomolnok / Schmöllnitz for Austria | 1763-1780 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Smolník (Slovakia) |
Szomolnok / Schmöllnitz for Bohemia | 1763; 1767 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Smolník (Slovakia) only 1 Gröschel |
|
Szomolnok / Schmöllnitz | 1775-1816 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Smolník (Slovakia) | |
S KM | Szomolnok / Schmöllnitz | 1763 | Hungarian half of the empire, today Smolník (Slovakia) only copper Poltura |
V | Venezia / Venice | 1793-1866 | today Italy |
W. | Vienna | 1521-1763 | |
1772; 1775 1780-1781 |
copper coins only | ||
Vienna for Gorizia | 1799 | only 2 Soldi ( Lp. ) | |
WI | Vienna | 1746-1765 | only Franz I (co-regent) |
Vienna for Hungary | 1752 | only silver Poltura | |
coat of arms | Vienna | 1975-1976 | |
Eagle | Hall in Tirol | 1975-1976 | Mint Hall, now a museum |
Coins are still minted in Vienna (A) and Kremnica (SK) today. |
French mints
Mint mark | Minting location | Mint mark | Minting location |
---|---|---|---|
A. | Paris | O | Riom |
AA | Metz | P | Dijon |
B. | Rouen | Q | Perpignan |
BB | Strasbourg | R. | Orleans |
C. | Caen | S. | Troyes and Reims |
CC | Besançon | T | Nantes |
D. | Lyon | U | Pau |
E. | Tours | V | Troyes |
F. | Angers | W. | Lille |
G | Poitiers | X | Amiens |
H | Rochelle | Y | Bourgos |
I. | Limoges | Z | Grenoble |
K | Bordeaux | ||
L. | Bayonne | ||
M. | Toulouse | ||
N | Montpellier |
Mints of the euro coins
Mint | Locations | time | comment |
---|---|---|---|
State Mint Berlin | Berlin | since 1998 | |
Birmingham Mint | Birmingham | for the Netherlands | |
Royal Mint of Belgium | Brussels | since 1998 | |
Greek national coin | Halandri ( Athens ) | since 2001 | |
Hamburg Mint | Hamburg | since 1998 | |
BH Mayer's Kunstprägeanstalt | Karlsfeld | Collector coins for Ireland | |
State Mint Karlsruhe | Karlsruhe | since 1998 | |
Mincovňa Kremnica (Slovakia) | Kremnica | since 2008 | |
Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda | Lisbon | since 1999 | |
British Royal Mint | Llantrisant | for Ireland and the Netherlands | |
Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre | Madrid | since 1999 | also for Greece |
Bavarian main mint | Munich | since 1998 | |
Monnaie de Paris | Pessac | since 1998 | also for Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta and Monaco |
Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato | Rome | since 1999 | also for San Marino and the Vatican |
Central Bank of Ireland | Sandyford | since 1999 | |
State Mint Stuttgart | Stuttgart | since 1998 | also for Luxembourg |
Royal Dutch coin | Utrecht | since 1999 | also for Luxembourg and Slovenia |
Suomen Rahapaja (Mint Finland) | Vantaa | since 1999 | also for Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Slovenia, Cyprus and Estonia |
Mennica Panstwowa | Warsaw | Collector coins for Luxembourg | |
Austrian Mint | Vienna | since 1999 | also for Luxembourg |
literature
- Dieter Fassbender : Lexicon for coin collectors. Over 1800 terms from Aachener Markt to Zwittermünze . Battenberg, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-89441-334-4 .
- Christopher Maynard (text), Bill Fallover (pictures): Wunderwelt Geld (“Amazing world of money”). Tessloff Verlag, Hamburg 1978, ISBN 3-7886-0158-2 .
- Renate Kingma (text); Gerd Wener (pictures): Coins and money . Tessloff Verlag, Nuremberg 1991, ISBN 3-7886-0418-2 ( What is what ?; 78)
- Klaus Jopp: The country needs new talers . In: Die Zeit 42 / October 1998, p. 61.
- Herbert Rittmann: German Coin and Money History of the Modern Era up to 1914 . Brockhaus, Solingen 2003, ISBN 3-930132-22-2 (library for family researchers; 4).
- Gerhard Schön: German coin catalog 18th century . Battenberg, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-89441-525-8
- Gerhard Herinek: Austria Netto catalog coins from 1780 and banknotes from 1854 . ANK-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-901678-66-2
- Rádóczy Gyula: Mária Terézia magyar pénzverése . Magyar Éremgyűjtők Egyesülete, Budapest 1982, ISBN 963-02-2249-3
- The euro coins Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf 2009, ISBN 978-3-86646-520-6
- Dariusz Ejzenhart, Ryszard Miller: The 3 Kreuzer coins of the Silesian mints Gietl Verlag, Regenstauf 2012, ISBN 978-3-86646-842-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Georg v. Alten (Ed.): Handbook for Army and Fleet , Volume 5, Deutsches Verlagshaus Bong & Co., Berlin 1913, p. 212
- ^ Ruedi Kunzmann: The silver coin crisis in Switzerland of 1968 and the activity of the Royal Mint , London. In: Schweizer Münzblätter , Vol. 50, Nº 200, 2000, ISSN 0016-5565 , pp. 68-72.
- ↑ Eduard Döring: Handbook of Coin and Exchange Customers: or, Explanation of the exchange, money and government paper course notes. Johann Christoff Hermann'sche Buchhandlung, Frankfurt / Main 1837, p. 4