Schleiz

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Schleiz
Schleiz
Map of Germany, position of the city Schleiz highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 35 '  N , 11 ° 49'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Saale-Orla district
Height : 432 m above sea level NHN
Area : 108.22 km 2
Residents: 8947 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 83 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 07907
Primaries : 03663, 036645 (Langenbuch), 036647 (Graefenwarth)Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : SOK, LBS, PN, SCZ
Community key : 16 0 75 098
LOCODE : DE SCZ
City structure: 15 districts

City administration address : 		Bahnhofstrasse 1
07907 Schleiz
Website : www.schleiz.de
Mayor : Marko Bias ( CDU )
Location of the district town Schleiz in the Saale-Orla district
Bad Lobenstein Bodelwitz Dittersdorf Dittersdorf Dittersdorf Döbritz Dreitzsch Eßbach Gefell Geroda Keila Görkwitz Göschitz Gössitz Grobengereuth Hirschberg (Saale) Gertewitz Kirschkau Kospoda Krölpa Langenorla Lausnitz Lemnitz Löhma Miesitz Mittelpöllnitz Moßbach Moxa Neundorf (bei Schleiz) Neustadt an der Orla Neustadt an der Orla Nimritz Oberoppurg Oettersdorf Oppurg Paska Peuschen Plothen Pörmitz Pößneck Quaschwitz Ranis Remptendorf Rosendorf Rosenthal am Rennsteig Saalburg-Ebersdorf Schleiz Schmieritz Schmorda Schöndorf Seisla Solkwitz Tanna Tegau Tömmelsdorf Triptis Volkmannsdorf Weira Wernburg Wilhelmsdorf (Saale) Wurzbach Ziegenrück Thüringenmap
About this picture
Schleiz in 1908
Old coin
City Hall
Rutheneum
Tower ruins of the former castle
War cemetery in the Bergkirchen cemetery
View from the mountain church to Schleiz

Schleiz is located in the south-east of Thuringia and is the district town of the Saale-Orla district . In state planning, it is classified as a medium-sized center . Schleiz is located on the Wisenta , a tributary of the Saale, on the plateaus of the Vogtland . Schleiz is best known today as the former residence of the Principality of Reuss-Schleiz (until 1848), for the Schleizer Dreieck , one of the oldest motorsport racetracks in Germany, and the Schleiz Bamser , a sweet potato dish .

geography

Geographical location

Schleiz is located in the Thuringian part of the Vogtland, not far from the state borders with Saxony and Bavaria . The city is traversed in an east-west direction by the Wisenta , a tributary of the Saale . Schleiz is located on the plateau of the Thuringian Vogtland, which slopes steeply in the west to the Saale valley, where the large Saale dams are also located. The surroundings are characterized by a hilly landscape, from which no larger peaks protrude and where the forest and open spaces alternate. The highest point in the Schleiz area is the Hirschraufe south of Schleiz at 596 m. To the north is an area known as the lake district , which also includes the Plothener ponds , the largest natural pond area in Thuringia. The predominant types of rock are slate and clayey and sandy rocks from the Keuper .

The East Thuringian Slate Mountains extend over the areas around Bad Lobenstein, Schleiz and Zeulenroda. The floors are mainly made of quartzist banded slate and quartz sandstone. Spring troughs and narrow valleys of the rivers and streams are typical grassland locations. Agriculture is favored on plateau-like ridges, undulating plains and flat slopes. In other locations, forest use predominates.

Neighboring communities

Adjacent communities, clockwise from the north, are Eßbach , Volkmannsdorf , Neundorf (near Schleiz) , Görkwitz , Oettersdorf , Löhma , Zeulenroda-Triebes (town; district of Greiz ), Kirschkau , Pausa-Mühltroff (town; Vogtland district ), Tanna (town), Saalburg -Ebersdorf (city), Remptendorf .

Eßbach Volkmannsdorf Neundorf (near Schleiz) Görkwitz (2 km) Oettersdorf (3 km) Löhma (5 km) Kirschkau (6 km) Zeulenroda-Triebes (14 km)
Remptendorf Wind rose small.svg
Saalburg-Ebersdorf (12 km) Tanna (10 km) Pausa-Mühltroff (11 km)

The distance information relates to the distance to the town center.

City structure

In addition to the core city, Schleiz comprises fourteen other districts, which are predominantly incorporated villages (the year or date of the first documentary mention in brackets) :

Reference for Burgk, Burgkhammer and Isabellengrün:

history

Early to 19th century

A castle settlement developed from the village of the Slavic Sorbs "Slowicz" ("People of Slava"). The medieval castle, Schleiz Castle , was built by the Lords of Lobdeburg . This is how Schleiz emerged from the Slowicz village. Schleiz was first mentioned in a document in 1232. Already in 1297 the place was called Oppidum (Latin city). One of the main reasons for this development was its convenient location on the road connecting Nuremberg to Naumburg and Leipzig .

A settlement ("old town") that has existed since around 1200 and a "new town" founded directly next to this settlement are further roots of Schleiz. The new town housed a castle and was surrounded by a city wall. For a long time, the old town and the new town of Schleiz were completely independent places whose citizens were given different rights and duties. It was not until December 2, 1482 that the two municipalities merged into one city. In 1575 720 people died of the plague in Schleiz.

After the castle had completely fallen victim to a major fire in 1475, the Lords of Gera built a new facility on the former foundation walls of the castle. From 1647 to 1848 the counts and later princes Reuss-Schleiz resided in the castle . This plant also burned down completely in 1689. The old keep - called the house tower - was also dismantled with the other fortifications in 1689. The castle was expanded in the 18th century until the baroque building was completed in 1753. In August 1721, Johann Sebastian Bach gave concerts with the local court orchestra at Schleiz Castle. After another major fire in 1837, that castle was built on the vaults of the ground floor, which in 1945 went down in the hail of bombs. The round towers, which are still in ruins today, date from this time.

In the years 1608–1628 Schleiz was persecuted by witches . Two women and one man were victims of witch trials .

2.5 km southwest of Schleiz, the Count's House built a pleasure palace in several stages on the "Gray Mountain" in Heinrichsruh from 1704 . The first bird shooting took place on June 6, 1750. A park was laid out in 1777. These years are called the heyday of Heinrichsruh.

On October 9, 1806, French troops under Napoléon Bonaparte passed through the city. To impress the emperor, his cavalry leader Joachim Murat attacked nearby Prussian and Saxon troops, but was thrown back. Only the intervention of infantry under Marshal Bernadotte decided the fight in favor of the French. They lost around 200 soldiers, while the Prussians lost 500 men to death, wounding and capture. The battle at Schleiz was the first major clash between Prussian and French troops in this war.

At Pentecost in 1844, representatives of several Christian student associations met in Schleiz. For the so-called Schleizer Council , members of the Uttenruthia Erlangen (or Erlanger Wingolf ), the Berlin Wingolf and the Halle Wingolf met and founded the Wingolfsbund , the first umbrella organization of student associations .

Schleiz was a royal seat until 1848, when the state government and the Reuss dynasty moved to Gera .

From the 20th century

During the Second World War , hundreds of women and men from several nations, mainly from the Soviet Union , were deported to Schleiz for forced labor , of which at least 60 were killed.

→ Main article: Air raid on Schleiz

On April 8, 1945, in the course of a US bombing raid with heavy damage in the city center (50 destroyed and over 100 damaged buildings) and over 200 dead, Schleiz Castle was also destroyed. The holdings of the Princely Reussian House Archive, the library, the local history museum and the castle church were destroyed. In 1950 the ruins of the castle were removed. Due to the commitment of some Schleiz citizens, the two burned-out tower ruins, which were secured in 1993 and provided with pointed hoods, were left standing.

The town church of St. George was also badly hit: nave and gallery vaults, pulpit and altarpiece. The reconstruction took place in the 1950s. The reverse of the Alte Münze suffered considerable damage; it was restored in 1946.

Schleiz was occupied by US troops on April 15, 1945, which were replaced by the Red Army in early July .

In the fall of 1945 in Schleiz in " Wehrwolf 12 young people aged between 15 and 18 years and a 22-year-old by the Soviet secret" -Vorwurf NKVD arrested and sentenced in April 1946 by a military tribunal. Two of them were shot and seven died in labor camps. Four young people were released from the Bautzen and Torgau prisons in 1950/1951 . The entire group was rehabilitated by a Russian court in 1995.

The US bombing raid carried out on April 8, 1945 also destroyed the “Goldene Sonne” hotel in the center of the city. At that time, this hotel housed the children's area dispatching camp of the city of Düsseldorf with students from Lessing and Prinz-Georg-Gymnasium. 21 students died in the basement of the house as a result of the attack. A redesigned tomb was erected in the autumn of 1994 to commemorate the soldiers who died in the war, the victims of the bombing attack among the civilian population and the 21 boys from Düsseldorf who were killed. On the 50th anniversary in 1995, the dead were commemorated in a commemoration ceremony attended by many classmates who were still alive. A commemorative plaque to this tragic event “To remember and to remind” was unveiled by classmates at the location of the former hotel “Goldene Sonne” in the presence of Mayor Frieder Ott.

After the end of the First World War with the overthrow of the monarchy and the proclamation of the republic in the November Revolution, Prince Heinrich XXVII. his renunciation of the throne and the two Russian principalities - namely Reuss older line and Reuss younger line - became free states on November 11, 1918, which on April 4, 1919 again merged to form the People's State of Reuss with the capital Gera . On May 1st, 1920, the people's state of Reuss was finally absorbed in the newly founded state of Thuringia . In 1922 the Schleiz district was formed, which in 1952 was divided into the Schleiz district in the east and the Lobenstein district in the west. Both circles belonged to the Gera district . After the German reunification in 1990, the Schleiz and Lobenstein districts were merged with the Pößneck district to form the Saale-Orla district. Schleiz remained a district town, although Pößneck is larger. The decisive factor for this was its status as a medium-sized center that the city has due to its good infrastructure.

The hospital, built in 1864, was completely modernized in 2007 as the Schleiz District Hospital .

Incorporations

On March 8, 1994 Langenbuch, Lössau and Oberböhmsdorf were incorporated. Möschlitz followed on December 29, 1995. Graefenwarth joined on June 4, 1996 . On January 1, 2019, Crispendorf was incorporated into Schleiz from the Ranis-Ziegenrück administrative community . On December 31, 2019, Burgk and its districts Burgkhammer and Isabellengrün were added.

Population development

The population was 4,619 in 1834 and rose only slowly in the course of the 19th century; In 1890 it was only 4,928 and in 1925 6,072. The highest number of inhabitants was reached after the wave of incorporation in the 1990s.

Development of the population (from 1960 to December 31) :

1933 to 1997

  • 1933: 6505
  • 1939: 6828
  • 1960: 7933
  • 1994: 8567
  • 1995: 9163
  • 1996: 9528
  • 1997: 9375

1998 to 2004

  • 1998: 9389
  • 1999: 9336
  • 2000: 9309
  • 2001: 9268
  • 2002: 9223
  • 2003: 9100
  • 2004: 9069

2005 to 2011

  • 2005: 8941
  • 2006: 8932
  • 2007: 8868
  • 2008: 8824
  • 2009: 8717
  • 2010: 8698
  • 2011: 8579

2012 to 2018

  • 2012: 8466
  • 2013: 8500
  • 2014: 8477
  • 2015: 8467
  • 2016: 8509
  • 2017: 8464
  • 2018: 8476
Data source from 1994: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

politics

City council

Schleiz City Council has 20 members. After the local elections in 2009 , 2014 and 2019 , they are distributed among the individual parties and lists as follows:

Political party SPD CDU LEFT FW Schleiz FDP /
Pro Schleiz 		Alliance for Schleiz total
Seats 2009 5 5 4th 4th 2 - 20th
Seats 2014 7th 6th 3 2 2 - 20th
Seats 2019 3 5 2 4th 1 1 5 20th

1 : 2019 only as FDP

mayor

The last SED mayor of the city, Heinrich Rimpel, stood for the Left Party / PDS against Heidemarie Walther for the FDP / BI Pro Schleiz for the 2006 mayoral election and lost after a sensational election campaign against the incumbent. The fact that Rimpel was not only supported by the Left Party / PDS and the SPD , but also by the city's CDU , can be considered unique in Germany . In the mayoral election in 2012, Juergen K. Klimpke (SPD) narrowly prevailed in a runoff election against Marko Bias (CDU). In the following election in 2018 there was again a runoff between Klimpke and Bias. This time the CDU candidate prevailed with a clear lead.

coat of arms

Blazon : “A natural wisent in gold on a green lawn ; In the full coat of arms above the shield there is a blue spangenhelm with red lining, golden clasps and golden jewels and black and gold helmet covers , the home decoration consists of half a natural-colored bison rising to the right , which arises from a black and gold helmet bulge . "

A city seal with the coat of arms can be traced back to 1297. The coat of arms of the town of Schleiz is a talking coat of arms that indicates its location in the former Wisentagau and on the Wisenta river.

Town twinning

The Schleiz city partnerships
Community coat of arms of Waldfischbach-Burgalben Verbandsgemeinde Waldfischbach-Burgalben GermanyGermany Germany

Culture and sights

Buildings

St. Mary's Mountain Church
City Church of St. George

The mountain church from the 15th century with its baroque interior, the Rutheneum as Konrad Duden's place of work (now a museum), the old coin (now a gallery and city information center), the castle ruins with the two towers, the town church and the town hall with the old market are all worth seeing .

In 1936/1937 the Wisenta house was built as an agricultural school. Shortly before completion, the NSDAP decided to accommodate its district leadership in a wing of the building, which entailed considerable changes to the original project. The bell foundry Apolda Franz Schilling Söhne cast five bells for a carillon in the tower above the portal. On April 8, 1945, the Wisenta House was badly damaged in the bombing raid on Schleiz. The building has been the seat of the district administration since 1952. In 2005 it was rebuilt and expanded.

Motorsport racing track Schleizer Dreieck

Schleizer Dreieck racetrack

The oldest natural race track in Germany, the Schleizer Dreieck, is located in Schleiz . Motorcycle and automobile races have been held here every year since 1923 (such as the International German Motorcycle Championships). With the renovation in 2004, the originally 7.631 km long route was shortened to 3.805 km.

Monuments and memorials

  • Dragon fountain on the market with a memory of all city fires in Schleiz, until April 8, 1945
  • In the former palace park there is a monument that was erected in the 19th century in memory of the deserving sovereign Prince Heinrich XIV. In 1945 or after the bust was removed.
  • A memorial in the former palace gardens commemorates 43 named and 17 unknown men and women who were victims of forced labor in the Second World War or who died afterwards.
  • In the park Heinrichsruh monument (sandstone obelisk) of Agnes von Württemberg
  • Since 1948 a memorial on Hofer Strasse has been commemorating the victims of fascism .
  • In the churchyard of the Möschlitz district, citizens commemorate 14 Italian military internees who perished in the Burgk prisoner of war camp .
  • On the road to Burgk / Saalburg in the same district, an honor grove with 63 graves of murdered Buchenwald prisoners has been commemorating these victims of the death march in spring 1945 with a memorial stone since 1946 .
  • Since 1985 a stele near the honor grove has been commemorating the train of concentration camp prisoners .
  • A memorial for war victims buried here was erected in 1994 on the site of a communal grave in the Schleizer Bergkirchen cemetery . It commemorates soldiers who rest in this place and the victims of the April 8, 1945 bombing .
  • Among the victims of the bombing on April 8, 1945 were 21 students from Lessing and the Prinz-Georg-Gymnasium in Düsseldorf , who were in Schleiz as part of the children's area . This tragic event is also commemorated by a bronze plaque attached to the location of the bombed hotel "Goldene Sonne" (today the "Atrium" building) . This was unveiled by surviving classmates on the 50th anniversary in April 1995 in the presence of Mayor Frieder Ott.
  • A plaque commemorating the bomb victims is embedded in Neumarkt : “II. World war. April 8, 1945 Bombing of the city by the US Air Force, over 200 people died, the castle and 150 buildings were destroyed "(correct:" or damaged ")

Green spaces and recreation

Outside the city is the Heinrichsruher Park . In 2018 the city of Schleiz acquired the park.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Road traffic

Schleiz is located on the federal motorway 9 ( Berlin - Munich ; junction 28: Schleiz) and on the federal highways B2 in the direction of Hof , B94 in the direction of Greiz and B282 in the direction of Plauen . In addition, there are state roads to Ziegenrück (L1103) , Bad Lobenstein (L1095) and Mittelpöllnitz (L3002) .

Rail transport

Between 1887 and 2006 there was a railway connection to Plauen on the Schönberg – Schleiz line . In addition, the Schleiz – Saalburg line existed between 1930 and 1996 , which was once built as a supply line for the construction of the Bleilochtalsperre and later also served as a passenger service from Schleiz to Saalburg . It was electrified and had the character of an interurban tram .

Local public transport

There are inter-district bus connections to Gera (line 810), Jena (line 820), Zeulenroda (line 132), Plauen (line 143) and Hof (line 155).

Established businesses

Schleiz is classified as a middle center . It is one of the smallest medium-sized centers in the country and is a classic “administrative city” without a great industrial past. Nevertheless, since German reunification, numerous companies (for example from the logistics sector) have settled in the industrial areas on the outskirts. You benefit from the good infrastructure ( A 9 ).

A building complex still existing on the eastern edge of the city belonged to the former chamber property of the Prince of Reuss. This farm originally stood 2.5 km southeast of the town of Schleiz in the "Dürren Schäferei". In 1835 it burned down and was rebuilt at the location mentioned right next to the Prince's castle. After the prince settlement, the property became state property. In 1939 the company owned 179.07 hectares of land, which the tenant Otto Schulz managed. With the land reform , the agricultural area was reduced to 99.75 hectares. The remaining areas were allocated to smallholders from Schleiz and Oberböhmsdorf. The agricultural production was successful due to the favorable soil structure (high fine soil and humus content) and the prevailing weather conditions here in the Schleizer Oberland. With the establishment of the cooperation and later the large cooperative, the areas were taken over and the buildings were used for cattle breeding (bull custody station).

Personalities

Böttger monument at the old mint
Böttger memorial plaque on the town hall

sons and daughters of the town

Other personalities

  • Friedrich Groschuff (1701–1784), educator of Prince Peter Friedrich Wilhelm in Eutin and classical philologist
  • Napoléon Bonaparte (1769-1821), French statesman and general, stayed on October 10, 1806 in Schleiz Castle
  • Konrad Duden (1829-1911), classical philologist and lexicographer, founder of a uniform German spelling, was director at Schleizer Gymnasium from 1869 to 1876 (since 1991 Dr.-Konrad-Duden-Gymnasium ; founded in 1656 as Rutheneum)
  • Berthold Schmidt (1856–1929), archivist and historian , lived and worked in Schleiz from 1884 until his death
  • Ernst Schunke (1862–1936), drawing teacher at Schleiz Gymnasium, lived in Schleiz from 1908 to 1935, discoverer and early supporter of Otto Dix
  • Robert Hänsel (1884–1962), archivist, historian and vocational school director, lived and worked in Schleiz from 1922 until his death
  • Manfred von Brauchitsch (1905–2003), racing car driver, lived for several decades in the Schleiz district of Gräfenwarth until his death
  • Wolfgang Nordwig (* 1943), the first non-USA Olympic champion in the pole vault in 1972, now lives in Schleiz
  • Freddy Kottulinsky (1932–2010), racing and rally driver.

Web links

Commons : Schleiz  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Schletz in the Topographia Superioris Saxoniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Hans Weber: Introduction to the geology of Thuringia. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1955, p. 42.
  3. ^ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. 5th, improved and considerably enlarged edition. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , pp. 61, 97, 99, 116, 156, 170, 185, 204, 214 and 321.
  4. ↑ Schleiz is now larger in area than Bremerhaven in Ostthüringer Zeitung , accessed on January 3, 2020
  5. ^ German Society for Name Research (GfN) eV: The place name Möschlitz . November 6, 2018 ( onomastikblog.de [accessed December 1, 2018]).
  6. ↑ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications . Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 222 .
  7. ↑ a b Anne Wiesigel: Schleiz (=  Small Thuringia Library . Volume 29 ). Publishing house Thuringia, Erfurt 1992, ISBN 3-86087-037-8 .
  8. ↑ a b c d Schleiz castle settlement. In: Saale-online. Retrieved October 17, 2012 .
  9. ↑ Ronald Füssel: The witch persecutions in the Thuringian area (= publications of the working group for historical witchcraft and crime research in Northern Germany. Vol. 2). DOBU-Verlag, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-934632-03-3 , p. 253, (also: Marburg, Universität, dissertation, 2000).
  10. ↑ Heiko Laß: Hunting and pleasure castles. Art and culture of two sovereign building tasks. Shown on Thuringian buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries. Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2006, ISBN 3-86568-092-5 , p. 322, (also: Aachen, Technische Hochschule, dissertation, 2004).
  11. ↑ Joachim Bauer among others: History of Wingolfs. 1830-1994. 5th, completely revised and continued edition. Association of Alter Wingolfiten e. V., Gladbeck 1998.
  12. ↑ Juergen K. Klimpke: When death fell from heaven. April 8, 1945 (= Schleizer Heimat-Hefte. No. 38 = 2, 2005, ISSN  2190-8699 ). Klimpke, Schleiz 2005, p. 26.
  13. ↑ Rudolf Zießler: Schleiz. In: Götz Eckardt (Ed.): Fates of German architectural monuments in the Second World War. Volume 2: Districts Halle, Leipzig, Dresden, Karl-Marx-Stadt, Erfurt, Gera, Suhl. Henschelverlag, Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-406-03913-8 , pp. 522-524.
  14. ^ Benno Prieß: The young people from Schleiz / Thuringia. In: Benno Prieß: Shot at dawn. Arrested, tortured, convicted, shot. “Werewolf” fates of young people in Central Germany. 2nd, expanded edition. Self-published by Prieß, Calw 2002, ISBN 3-926802-36-7 , p. 112.
  15. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
  16. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1995
  17. ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1996
  18. ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on May 20, 2019
  19. ↑ Schleiz is now larger in area than Bremerhaven in Ostthüringer Zeitung , accessed on January 3, 2020
  20. ↑ Hartmut Ulle: New Thuringian Wappenbuch. Volume 2: Ilmkreis, Jena, Kyffhäuserkreis, Saale-Orla-Kreis, Saalfeld-Rudolstadt (district), Schmalkalden-Meiningen (district), Suhl. 2nd, changed, revised edition. Working group Genealogy Thuringia, Erfurt 1997, ISBN 3-9804487-2-X , p. 43.
  21. ↑ Apoldaer Tageblatt , August 5, 1936.
  22. ↑ Juergen K. Klimpke: Castle Views (= Das Schloß zu Schleiz. Erg.-H. = Schleizer Heimat-Hefte. No. 34 = 2, 2004 = Schleizer Heimat-Hefte. Schleizer Bilderhefte. No. 3). Klimpke, Schleiz 2004, p. 34.
  23. ↑ Manfred Graf: The specialization in the organization of the production of the VEG Schleiz. Bernburg 1959, (Bernburg, University, diploma thesis, 1959).
  24. ^ Association for Vogtland History, Folklore and Regional Studies eV (Hrsg.): Famous Vogtländer . B. 1. Plauen 1997.