Interurban tram
An interurban tram is a tram route that differs significantly from classic inner-city tram connections. The term is also used for a tram line that runs on overland sections.
An interurban tram takes over traffic relations in the regional area , mostly beyond city limits. It can also have the function of connecting cities , similar to a classic railway . But not every city-connecting tram route is considered an interurban tram. This is not the case, for example, when cities without a gap in urban areas are directly adjacent to one another in metropolitan areas such as the Ruhr area . Tram-train systems are also not part of the regional trams , because they operate as trams in the city and as railways in rural areas.
Intercity trams are often single track with Dodge traced out, run mostly on their own roadbed with flat bottom rails and have longer distances between stops on. They often run parallel to country roads outside of built-up areas , but on grooved rails in the subgrade in through-town areas . Another characteristic are stops in the open field or in wooded areas.
history
Overland trams used to be widely used across Europe. They have become rather rare today. In the time before the First World War , numerous interurban trams were built, the traffic volume of which did not justify a dense train sequence. In the Halle - Merseburg area there were plans for an overland tram network ( Merseburger Überlandbahnen ). In the west of Germany, the overland trams were almost without exception shut down in the 1950s and 1960s and replaced by bus routes.
In North America there were a large number of Interurbans with similar functions and character of an interurban tram until the middle of the 20th century , but which in terms of operation were more like a branch line .
Operation and technology
In principle, regional trams in Germany are operated in accordance with the ordinance on the construction and operation of trams (BOStrab). This differs fundamentally from railways (including local and small railways ) that are operated according to the Railway Construction and Operating Regulations (EBO). Nevertheless, interurban trams, especially in the safety and signaling area, often have elements of railway operations. In addition, a higher contact wire voltage is sometimes used on the overland sections in order to make do with fewer substations . Furthermore, the vehicles used in overland transport are often equipped with a little more comfort. Examples of this are a larger seat divider , more seats and less standing room, more comfortable seating, armrests, luggage racks or curtains. In addition, due to the greater distance between stops on rural routes, they sometimes have fewer or narrower doors.
Some interurban trams also carry freight . For this purpose, vehicles can be exchanged directly on standard-gauge interurban trams, while roller stands are required for narrow-gauge railways . The freight wagons are pulled by the tram units or by their own locomotives .
Existing routes
Germany
Baden-Württemberg
- Möhringen - Plieningen , line U3 of the Stuttgart Stadtbahn , a section of the Stuttgart-Möhringen – Stuttgart-Hohenheim railway line
- Rohrbach - Leimen , line 23 of the RNV (see also tram Heidelberg )
- Möhringen - Leinfelden , line U5 of the Stuttgart trams (see also Stadtbahn Stuttgart )
- Heumaden - Ruit - Scharnhausen - Nellingen , lines U7 and U8 of the Stuttgart trams (see also Stadtbahn Stuttgart )
- Mühlhausen - Remseck , line U14 of the Stuttgart trams (see also Stadtbahn Stuttgart )
- Rheinstetten - Karlsruhe - Hagsfeld - Blankenloch - Friedrichstal - Spöck , Line S2 of the Karlsruhe transport company (see also Karlsruhe tram )
Bavaria
- Munich - Großhesseloher Brücke - Grünwald , line 25 of the Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (see also Munich tram )
Berlin and Brandenburg
- Schmöckwitz – Grünauer Uferbahn , line 68 of the Berlin tram
- Rahnsdorf - Woltersdorf , line 87 of the Woltersdorfer tram
- Friedrichshagen - Schöneiche - Rüdersdorf , line 88 of the Schöneicher-Rüdersdorfer tram
Bremen
- Bremen Lines 1 and 8 between the stops Gelsenkirchener Straße and Huchting, Roland-Center
- Bremen Line 4 between Borgfeld and Falkenberg (Lower Saxony).
Hesse
- Darmstadt - Alsbach , HEAG lines 6 and 8 (see also local transport in Darmstadt )
- Frankfurt - Neu-Isenburg , line 17 of the Stadtwerke Verkehrsgesellschaft Frankfurt am Main (VGF) (see also tram Frankfurt am Main )
- Frankfurt - Bad Homburg , Line U2 of the VGF (since 1971 Stadtbahn operation, Frankfurt U-Bahn )
- Frankfurt - Oberursel , line U3 of the VGF (since 1978 light rail operation, Frankfurt underground)
Lower Saxony
- Langenhagen - Hanover - Laatzen - Rethen - Gleidingen - Heisede - Sarstedt , line 1 of the Hanover city railway (27.8 km), including the Laatzen - Sarstedt section as an intercity tram
North Rhine-Westphalia
- Bochum - Höntrop - Witten - Heven , line 310 of Bochum-Gelsenkirchener Straßenbahnen AG on the section WIT-Innenstadt-Heven Dorf (see also tram Bochum-Gelsenkirchen )
- Bonn - Königswinter - Bad Honnef ( Siebengebirgsbahn ), line 66 of the Bonn Stadtbahn (former small train)
- Bonn - Sankt Augustin - Siegburg ( Siegburger Bahn ), line 66 of the Bonn Stadtbahn (former small train)
- Düsseldorf - Ratingen , line U72 of the Düsseldorf Stadtbahn
- Düsseldorf - Krefeld , line U76 ( K-Bahn ) of the Düsseldorf Stadtbahn
- Düsseldorf - Duisburg , line U79 ( D-Bahn ) from Stadtbahn Düsseldorf and Stadtbahn Duisburg
- Cologne-Brück - Bensberg , Line 1 of the Cologne light rail
- Museum route of the Bergisches Tram Museum in Wuppertal - Kohlfurth
Saxony
- Bad Schandau - Lichtenhain waterfall ( Kirnitzschtalbahn )
- Radebeul West - Coswig - Weinböhla (line 4 of the Dresden tram ), part of a previously planned Dresden - Meißen express tram line
-
Large Leipziger streetcar (glSt), in the Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe risen
- Torgauer Straße - Taucha , today line 3
- Connewitz - Dölitz - Markkleeberg (today Markkleeberg-Ost), line 11. This line connects, like the one to Markkleeberg West, which was closed in November 2016, two cities, but it runs continuously in the street space on the roadway.
-
Leipziger Außenbahn AG (LAAG), subsidiary of GLSt
- Wahren - Schkeuditz , today line 11
- Leutzsch - Böhlitz-Ehrenberg - Gundorf , today line 7. As far as Böhlitz-Ehrenberg in the street area, only between the stops Ludwig-Jahn-Straße and the terminus at Burghausener Straße is there a separate railroad track with a gravel superstructure. Since 1999 Böhlitz-Ehrenberg has been incorporated into Leipzig.
- Großzschocher - Knautkleeberg , today line 3. The route corresponds to a typical overland railway, but Knautkleeberg was already incorporated at the time of construction.
Saxony-Anhalt
- Tram route Halle-Ammendorf-Bad Dürrenberg , route: Halle (Saale) - Schkopau - Merseburg - Leuna - Bad Dürrenberg , on it runs the longest German tram line with approx. 31 km
Thuringia
- Gotha - Waltershausen - Friedrichroda - Tabarz ( Thuringian Forest Railway ), line 4 of the Gotha tram , 21.7 km long
Austria
- Line 6 Innsbruck - Igls of the Innsbrucker Verkehrsbetriebe
Switzerland
Belgium
- De Panne - Oostende - Zeebrugge - Knokke ( Kusttram , longest tram line in the world)
- Section Pétria - Anderlues of the Charleroi light rail
France
- Lille - Marcq-en-Baroeul - Roubaix-Eurotéléport / Tourcoing-Center ("Mongy")
- Lyon - Villeurbanne - Vaulx-en-Velin - Meyzieu - Aéroport St-Exupéry (T3 / LEA / Rhônexpress, mainly on the former railway line of the CFEL Chemins de fer de l'Est de Lyon)
- Jacou - Castelnau-le-Lez - Montpellier - St-Jean-de-Védas (Line 2 of the Montpellier tram, partly on the RFF railway infrastructure of the former Montpellier - Paulhan line)
- Famars-Université - Valenciennes - Aulnoy-lez-Valenciennes - Anzin - Denain (part of the route on the former Somain - Péruwelz industrial line)
- La Défense - Sèvres - Meudon-sur-Seine - Issy-les-Moulineaux - Paris-Porte de Versailles ( tram line T2 of RATP in the Ile-de-France , former railway "Ligne des Moulineaux 'in the west of Paris)
Italy
- Milan - Limbiate Ospedale (line 178 ATM Milano )
- Milan - Desio (line 179 ATM Milano)
- Bergamo - Albino
- Sassi - Superga ( rack railway )
Netherlands
- Tram The Hague Line 1 Scheveningen - The Hague - Delft
- Light rail Utrecht Utrecht - Nieuwegein / IJsselstein
Poland
- Łódź , line 43 Łódź (Telefoniczna) - Lutomiersk (pl. Jana Pawła II), tram of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo ", operated by the company "Tramwaje Podmiejskie Sp. Z oo" until March 31, 2012
- Łódź , line 9 Łódź (Augustów) - Konstantynów (Park Miejski), tram of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo", until March 31, 2012 as line 43 to Lodz-Stoki and operated by the company "Tramwaje Podmiejskie Sp. Z oo "
- Łódź , line 46 Łódź (Zdrowie) - Ozorków (Cegielniana), tram of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo", operated until March 31, 2012 by the company "Międzygminna Komunikacja Tramwajowa Sp. Z oowice" -IKEA
- Łódź , line 41 (formerly line 41 of the company "Międzygminna Komunikacja Tramwajowa Sp. Z oo", then line 11 in the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo", then line P, operated by the same company) Łódź (Plac Niepodległości) - Pabianice (Pabianice-Wiejska), tram of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo"
- Łódź , line 16 (formerly line 45 of the company "Międzygminna Komunikacja Tramwajowa Sp. Z oo", then line 11 of the company "Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo") Łódź (Kurczaki) - Zgierz (plac Kilińskie) Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne Sp. Z oo "
Romania
Czech Republic
- Liberec - Jablonec nad Nisou , tram operated by the Liberec transport company
- Most - Litvínov , overland route between the two cities through a large industrial complex
- Ostrava , line 5 Vřesinská - Zátiší , former railway line
United States
- Philadelphia - Norristown - Norristown High Speed Line ( SEPTA Route 100 )
- San Diego - San Ysidro Transit Center (state border with Mexico)
Disused routes (selection)
Germany
Baden-Württemberg
- Tram Esslingen – Nellingen – Denkendorf (END)
- Tram Ravensburg – Weingarten – Baienfurt ( Deutsche Bundesbahn )
- (Heidelberg -) Eppelheim - Plankstadt - Schwetzingen (HSB)
- (Heidelberg -) Leimen - Nussloch - Wiesloch (HSB)
- Heidelberg - Neckargemünd (HSB)
Bavaria
Berlin and Brandenburg
- Tegel - Heiligensee or Tegelort (see also tram of the community Heiligensee an der Havel )
- Spandau - Johannesstift - Hennigsdorf (see also Spandau-West – Hennigsdorfer Kleinbahn )
- Brandenburg / Havel - Plaue - Kirchmöser West (discontinued at the end of September 2002)
Hesse
- Herkulesbahn Kassel - Herkules
Lower Saxony
- Braunschweig - Wolfenbüttel
- Overland routes of the Hanover tram , including to Hildesheim (closed in 1958), Barsinghausen (1952), Großburgwedel (1956), Sehnde (1960)
North Rhine-Westphalia
- Overland routes of the Aachen tram
- Dortmund - Dortmund-Mengede
- Dortmund-Hörde - Schwerte
- Emmerich - Rees - Empel
- Tram Krefeld – Moers
- Kleinbahn Haspe – Voerde – Breckerfeld ( Hagen-Haspe - Breckerfeld ; later SL 11)
- Herford small railway (Spenge - Enger - Herford - Bad Salzuflen - Vlotho) and
- Bielefeld district railways (including Werther / Enger - Bielefeld)
- Paderborn - Horn - Detmold ( PESAG )
- Horn - Blomberg ( PESAG )
- Hohenlimburg - Iserlohn - Hemer ( Iserlohner Kreisbahn )
- Iserlohn - Pleuger - Altena (Iserlohner Kreisbahn)
- Siegburg - Zündorf
- Unna - Kamen - Werne
- Wuppertal - Solingen
- Wuppertal-Vohwinkel - Düsseldorf-Benrath
- Wuppertal - Remscheid
- Düsseldorf - Moers
- Hagen, Haßleyer Strasse - Hohenlimburg
Rhineland-Palatinate
- Bad Kreuznach-Langenlonsheim
- Bad Kreuznach-St. Johann
- Neustadt an der Weinstrasse – Landau in the Palatinate ( Palatinate Oberlandbahn )
Saarland
- Saarbrücken - Dudweiler - Sulzbach - Friedrichsthal - Elversberg - Spiesen
- Saarbrücken - Riegelsberg - Heusweiler (1907–1953)
Saxony
- Dresden-Cotta - Cossebaude
- Dresden-Altplauen - Freital-Cossmannsdorf
- Dresden-Niedersedlitz - Kreischa ( Lockwitztalbahn )
- Tram Hohenstein-Ernstthal-Oelsnitz
- Meusdorf (Leipzig) - Liebertwolkwitz
- Paunsdorf (Leipzig) - Engelsdorf
- Connewitz (Leipzig) - Markkleeberg West
Saxony-Anhalt
- Magdeburg-Westerhüsen - Schönebeck
- Tram route Merseburg – Müuellen , see also tram route Halle-Ammendorf – Bad Dürrenberg
Austria
- Dornbirn – Lustenau tram (discontinued in 1938)
- Baden - Bad Vöslau (closed in 1951)
- St. Pölten - Harland tram (discontinued in 1976)
- Tram Ybbs - Kemmelbach (gauge 760 mm, discontinued in 1953)
- Tram Ebelsberg - St. Florian (gauge 900 mm, discontinued in 1974)
- Line 317 of the Vienna tram ( Floridsdorf - Groß-Enzersdorf , discontinued in 1970)
- Line 360 of the Vienna tram ( Wall , later Rodaun - Mödling , discontinued in 1967)
- Line 31 (formerly 331) of the Viennese tram to Stammersdorf is still in operation, but has lost the character of an interurban tram due to the meanwhile complete development on both sides of Brünner Straße.
Switzerland
- Clarens-Chailly-Blonay-Bahn (converted to bus operation in 1956)
- Gland – Begnins (converted to bus operation in 1954)
- Limmattal tram (converted to bus operation in 1931 and 1956)
- Tram Schaffhausen – Schleitheim (converted to bus operation in 1964)
- Tram Steffisburg – Thun – Interlaken (closed between 1939 and 1958)
- Uster-Oetwil-Bahn (converted to bus operation in 1949)
- Vevey – Montreux – Chillon – Villeneuve (converted to bus service from 1952 to 1958)
- Wetzikon-Meilen-Bahn (converted to bus service in 1950)
Belgium
- national overland tram network of NMVB / SNCV (Nationale Maatschappij van Buurtspoorwegen / Société nationale des chemins de fer vicinaux), around 4,000 km, both steam / diesel-powered and electric, remaining sections see above.
France
- Trams in the Haute-Vienne department
- Moûtiers-Salins – Brides-les-Bains tram
- Strasbourg tram network
Poland
- Łódź : Line 44 to Aleksandrów Łódzki , (closed in 1992)
- Łódź : Line 42 to Rzgów - Tuszyn , (section Rzgów - Tuszyn closed in 1978, the rest in 1993)
Netherlands
- Noord-Zuid-Hollandsche Tramweg-Maatschappij (NZHTM), after 1946: Noord-Zuid-Hollandsche Vervoer Maatschappij (NZHVM), from 1881 to 1961 in the area between Scheveningen , The Hague , Leiden , Katwijk , Noordwijk , Haarlem , Zandvoort , Amsterdam , Purmerend , Edam and Volendam . From 1924 the vehicles were dark blue, hence the name "Blauwe Tram".
Romania
United States
- Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad
- Houston - Galveston , Galveston-Houston Railway
- Hudson, Pelham and Salem Street Railway
- Illinois Terminal Railroad
- Key System ( San Francisco / Oakland )
- Lackawanna and Wyoming Valley Railroad ( Laurel Line )
- Pacific Electric Railway ( Los Angeles ) (see also Hollywood Subway )
- San Francisco - Sacramento - Chico , Sacramento Northern Railway
- Texas Electric Railway ( Dallas )
- Toledo - Sandusky - Cleveland , Lake Shore Electric Railway
literature
- Michael Beitelsmann, Michael Kochems: Overland trams: vehicles, routes, operation . GeraMond, 2007, ISBN 3-7654-7362-6 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ceH-7h5stOA
- ^ Message out for Brandenburg - Kirchmöser . In: Eisenbahn-Revue International , issue 2/2003, ISSN 1421-2811 , p. 60.