Berlin-Heiligensee

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Heiligensee
district of Berlin
Berlin Heiligensee Konradshöhe Frohnau Tegel Hermsdorf Waidmannslust Lübars Märkisches Viertel Borsigwalde Wittenau Reinickendorf BrandenburgHeiligensee on the map of Reinickendorf
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Coordinates 52 ° 37 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 14 ′ 0 ″  E Coordinates: 52 ° 37 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 14 ′ 0 ″  E
height 30- 65  u m. NN
surface 10.7 km²
Residents 18,100 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 1692 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Oct. 1, 1920
Postcodes 13503, 13505
District number 1204
structure
Administrative district Reinickendorf
Locations

Heiligensee is the westernmost part of Berlin's twelfth administrative district, Reinickendorf .

geography

Heiligensee in its current form is located in the northwest of the Reinickendorf district. The original village is located on a peninsula between the Havel and the Heiligensee, which gives it its name . In the course of development, the district expanded along the Havel further south to the district Konradshöhe .

The northern and western borders are also the borders of Berlin: This is where the Oberhavel district joins the towns of Hennigsdorf ( Nieder Neuendorf and Stolpe-Süd residential areas ) and Hohen Neuendorf ( Stolpe district ). On the eastern side, Heiligensee borders the Berlin districts of Konradshöhe, Tegel and Frohnau . Heiligensee includes the small village of Schulzendorf . The Tegeler Forst and the Nieder Neuendorfer See each form a natural border in the east, south and west.

The Baumberge (formerly also known as Der Bumberg ) are a specialty in Heiligensee. It is an inland dune landscape that was created at the end of the last ice age . In the period after the Second World War , the Baumberge were used as a French maneuvering area until the 1980s . The French were an Allied protecting power in Reinickendorf at that time .

history

Heiligensee coat of arms

The first proven settlement of Heiligensee took place around 2000 BC. By Germanic Semnones . They were replaced by Slavic turns around 700 AD . Around 1230, German settlers built the roadside village of Heiligensee, in which at the latest since 1352 a farm of Bredow's with initially ten tax-free hooves has been documented (1450: 16 hooves); the von Bredow had to do vassal service to the margrave . In 1308 the place was first mentioned as Hyelegense . In the Landbuch Karls IV. (1375) the spellings Heyligense, Heyligensee, Hilgensey and Hilgense can be found , in which a total of 61 hooves are mentioned. Four of them are parish hooves and six are tax-free hooves of the Lehnschulzen who had to keep a feudal horse. The village had a jug and a ferry was specifically mentioned. Heiligensee became increasingly famous at the end of the 14th century because it was on the Berlin – Wilsnack pilgrimage route , which was then heavily frequented .

In 1544 Bertram von Pfuel acquired most of the village of Heiligensee. A smaller part belonged (before) to the Kaland in Spandau and later to the Heilig-Geist-Hospital in Spandau . With the secularization of these two institutions, the title of ownership came to the Spandau office . When the Mühlenbeck office was dissolved, Heiligensee came completely to the Spandau office.

With the formation of the community of Greater Berlin , Heiligensee came to the German capital on October 1, 1920.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall , the Allied protective powers withdrew from Berlin. Industry and agriculture developed on part of the former military areas. According to an urban development plan published in 2018, the location around Heiligensee train station, where the companies Tetra Pak and Underberg have settled, is to be abandoned as a business and become a residential area. The named companies stop their production in Heiligensee. The construction of at least 600 apartments is planned on an area of ​​six hectares.

In August / September 2008 Heiligensee celebrated its 700th anniversary with numerous events, mostly around the historic village green . A stele by the Berlin artist Kai Dräger with a fence made by the blacksmith Jupp Kaiser reminds of this .

economy

Until the 20th century, the inhabitants of Heiligensee lived largely on the income from agriculture. The cultivated southern field on Heiligenseestraße and the central field in street Am Dachsbau still bear witness to this today .

In the 1930s, the Borsig settlement was built, in which the workers of the Borsigwerke lived.

Nowadays, the Underberg company on Hennigsdorfer Straße fills its Boonekamp, among other things . The company Tetra-Pak produced its well-known packaging on the neighboring site until the end of 2013.

The former tram depot is the last commercial property in the historic village center of Alt-Heiligensee. From 1989 to 2003 the stone restoration and stonemason company Steinforum was based there. Until April 2009, Prometheus Projekt GmbH , a company that combines innovative IT and CNC technology with traditional craft, was located there. In October 2008 the property was sold by the Liegenschaftsfonds Berlin to a property management company.

art

Between 1939 and 1978 the famous lived Collage künstlerin Hannah Höch in her home on the wild 33. In the former tram depot on the historic village green (Alt-Heiligensee 73-75) was from 1989 to 2008, the artist and sculptor Kai Draeger his studio located.

Public facilities

Kindergartens

  • Parents' initiative day care center Regenbogenkinder e. V., Sandhauser Strasse 145
  • Dachskinder e. V., Am Dachsbau 3–5, day-care center with a nature-loving concept.
  • Evangelical village kindergarten, Alt-Heiligensee 45–47
  • Evangelical Kita Waldkirche, Stolpmünder Weg 35–43
  • Montessori Kinderhaus Zwergenstube e. V., Am Bärensprung 42
  • Havelmäuse day care center, Hennigsdorfer Straße 130
  • Parents' initiative daycare center Kleine Pusteblume e. V., Am Bärensprung 36

Elementary schools

The following primary schools are located in Heiligensee:

  • the Ellef Ringnes Primary School (until 1967: 17th primary school ) until 2013 in Stolpmünder Weg 45. After the large gymnasium burned down to the ground in 2013 after the fire, the school has its new headquarters in the rooms of the former Heiligensee primary school, In Erpelgrund 11-17
  • the Otfried Preußler Elementary School (merged in 2010 from the Heiligensee Elementary School and the Erpelgrund School ) in Schulzendorfer Straße 99-101
  • the Montessori School Heiligensee, a replacement school in private ownership (founded in 2012), Im Bärensprung 58, since 2016 (presumably temporarily) in the rooms of the former Ellef-Ringnes-Grundschule in Stolpmünder Weg 45.

High school

The Albrecht Haushofer Oberschule, a secondary school, is located in Kurzebracker Weg 40-46 .

Diaconal institution

The Diakonie -Zentrum, founded in 1966, is located in Schulzendorf, not far from the S-Bahn station of the same name . What is special about this center is the social cooperation between people of different ages and backgrounds. This is how people help each other with professional support.

On the grounds of the Diakonia Center located since December 2010. Democratic School X ( Community School in free sponsorship ) and the Montessori School Heiligensee.

Correctional facility

In the former anti-aircraft barracks from 1937 at Ruppiner Chaussee 268, there is the Heiligensee penal institution with over 240 prison places.

fire Department

In Alt-Heiligensee, in the middle of the historic village green, is the old fire station of the Heiligensee volunteer fire department . This is also where the regular exercises take place. There is also a youth fire brigade, which was founded on March 24, 1979 with nine members and a youth warden.

Parishes

There are three parishes in Heiligensee, two of which are Protestant and one Catholic .

  • The St. Mary's Church of the Catholic community is located at Schulzendorfer Strasse 74-78, not far from the Otfried Preußler Elementary School. Since July 1st 2004 the church belongs to the catholic parish Herz Jesu, whose parish church and parsonage are in Tegel .
  • The church of the Protestant Matthias Claudius congregation is located at Schulzendorfer Straße 19-21.

The other two churches that belong to the Protestant parish Heiligensee are located

  • on the village green in Alt-Heiligensee ( Heiligensee village church ) and
  • in the Borsigsiedlung in Stolpmünder Weg 35–43 ( forest church) right next to the Ellef-Ringnes primary school.

Furthermore, a religious community of Jehovah's Witnesses gathers in its own hall at Mattenbuder Path 21.

  • Heiligensee village church

  • Forest church in the Borsigsiedlung

  • Matthias Claudius Church

  • St. Mary's Church

Recreational facilities

There are numerous youth camps and playgrounds in Heiligensee . For example

  • the Walter May school camp on Elchdamm in the Baumberge,
  • the youth camp on the village green and
  • the Heiligensee outdoor pool at Sandhauser Strasse 132–140.

traffic

Local public transport

The route of the Kremmener Bahn runs through Heiligensee, the Schulzendorf (b Tegel) and Heiligensee stations are in the area of ​​the district . The S25 line of the S-Bahn Berlin runs here . Furthermore, Heiligensee is accessible during the day with the bus lines 124, 133 (direction Tegel) and 324 (direction Konradshöhe) as well as with the night bus lines N24 and N22.

Private transport

Almost parallel to the railway line , the A 111 has been running through the district as European route 26 since 1987 . The connection is via junction 3 - Schulzendorfer Straße. Up until the fall of the Berlin Wall , the Heiligensee border control point into the GDR was located at the level of the police barracks .

Historical

Milestone in the Ruppiner Chaussee

In 1840 a milestone was erected in today's Ruppiner Chaussee with the inscription "II MEILEN bis BERLIN". At the time, “Berlin” was used to refer to the Oranienburger Tor and a Prussian mile corresponds to a distance of around 7.53 kilometers. This milestone is still preserved at the installation site.

In the Middle Ages , a ferry crossed the narrowest part of the Nieder Neuendorfer See and thus connected the villages of Heiligensee and Nieder Neuendorf . The naming of the two streets testifies to this: 'Fährweg' on the Nieder Neuendorfer side and 'Fährstraße' on the Heiligensee side. With the construction of a bridge in Hennigsdorf in 1506, however, people took the ferry less and less. The ferry rights at this point still exist.

After the Second World War , a temporary bridge was built under Soviet occupation, which was dismantled a few years later.

On May 29, 1913, the tram of the community Heiligensee an der Havel opened and connected the village Heiligensee with Tegel via the then Kirschallee (Heiligenseestraße). Of this testifies to the old - now under monument protection standing - Depot on village green (Alt-Heiligensee 73-75) and the wide green strip along the lake road saint. In 1920 the Great Berlin Tram took over the tram with the incorporation of the village into Greater Berlin . Due to the opening of the U6 underground line in Tegel, the tram line was closed on June 1, 1958. From then on, buses took over the route.

In the time before the First World War, there was a small airfield in Schulzendorf between the streets Im Erpelgrund and An der Wildbahn. The inauguration took place on July 19, 1911. On May 29, 1913 a public flight event took place. At the end of 1914 the military took over the site, but only used it for a short time. In 1919 the airfield was abandoned and converted to settlement area.

  • Memorial stone by the sculptor Kai Dräger on the village green on the occasion of the 700th anniversary celebration

  • Village church, tower from 1708 to 1713

  • Village church, nave from the 15th / 16th centuries century

  • Alt-Heiligensee 45/47 (old rectory,
    currently a daycare center )

  • Alt-Heiligensee 56 (former school building from 1896)

  • Alt-Heiligensee 67 ("Dorfaue" restaurant from 1869, hall from 1888)

  • Alt-Heiligensee 68 (former office building from 1910)

  • Alt-Heiligensee 71 (oldest residential building from 1740 to 1786)

  • Alt-Heiligensee 77/79 (stable building from 1875)

  • Heiligenseer field

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Heiligensee  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ulrich Paul: On field and corridor. Where Berlin is growing: The Senate is planning eleven new residential areas. The Berliners should have a say. In: Berliner Zeitung , May 29, 2018, p. 14.
  2. ^ The Heiligensee youth fire brigade
  3. ↑ Traffic to Berlin Airports through the Ages in Berliner Verkehrsblätter , No. 12/2013, p. 230