Berlin-Wittenau

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Wittenau
district of Berlin
Berlin Heiligensee Konradshöhe Frohnau Tegel Hermsdorf Waidmannslust Lübars Märkisches Viertel Borsigwalde Wittenau Reinickendorf BrandenburgWittenau on the map of Reinickendorf
About this picture
Coordinates 52 ° 35 ′ 31 "  N , 13 ° 19 ′ 35"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 35 ′ 31 "  N , 13 ° 19 ′ 35"  E
surface 5.9 km²
Residents 24,656 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 4179 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Oct. 1, 1920
Postcodes 13435, 13437, 13439, 13469
District number 1209
structure
Administrative district Reinickendorf
Locations

Wittenau ( listen ? / I ) is a part of the Berlin district of Reinickendorf . It originated from Dalldorf in the Brandenburg region , which was first mentioned in a document in the 14th century. In 1905 the village was named after its late mayor Peter Witte and in 1920 it was incorporated into Berlin. The Reinickendorf Town Hall is located in Wittenau , the main location of the District Office and the seat of the Reinickendorf District Council Assembly (BVV). Audio file / audio sample

location

In the north of Wittenau the district Waidmannslust joins, to the west the district Tegel and in the south the former locality Borsigwalde , since 2012 district. Tegel Airport is located in the south-west . The district of Reinickendorf, which gives the district its name, connects to the southeast . To the east is the Märkisches Viertel large housing estate , which was separated from Wittenau as a separate district in June 1999.

history

The village church of Wittenau

Foundation and Middle Ages

An exact date of foundation of Dalldorf has not been documented. However, since the high medieval state development of the Barnims took place around 1230 , the current publications assume it was founded around 1230. Daldorff was first mentioned in a document in 1322. It stipulated that Tegel became a branch of the parish of Dalldorf. Already before 1322 the village was owned by the Benedictine monastery of Spandau (until 1558). However, the original of this document was not preserved, so that a document from 1351 that has been preserved to this day was decisive for the official celebrations for the local jubilee . In this document, Margrave Ludwig awarded the nunnery in Spandau a pension from the income of the Bede in Dalldorf, Gatow , Kladow and Liechtenow . The land book of Charles IV from 1375 indicated 39  hooves for Daldorp / Doldorff , of which 4 were parish hooves ( Wedemhof ). There were 12  kossettes and a jug . In 1450, 55 Hufen farmland belonged to Dalldorf, including 2 parish hooves and 1 church hoof. There were only 2 cottages left. The village church of Wittenau was built around 1488 .

After the Reformation

After the Reformation and the associated dissolution of the monastery in Spandau in 1558, Dalldorf was administered by the Spandau Office. The performance of compulsory labor in favor of the office required the Dalldorfers to travel long distances (including to Schönhauser Tor ), which led in a first step to a reduction in working hours and, in 1715, to converting the entire compulsory service into a service fee . After the end of the Thirty Years War , only seven families lived in Dalldorf in 1652, only one of them had already lived there before the war began. In the course of the resettlement policy in the middle of the 18th century, all of the Dalldorfer Kossäts succeeded in being granted arable land. Like many other villages in the vicinity of Berlin, Dalldorf only had a few meadows on which cattle could be kept. The resulting lack of dung also slowed the more intensive use of agricultural land. Accordingly, efforts began in 1782  to drain the Seggeluch - a swamp area between Dalldorf, Rosenthal and Lübars . After the improvement was completed in 1790, an additional area of ​​around 60 acres could now be  used for livestock. The lowland that has been preserved there to this day was flooded during the founding of the Märkisches Viertel and is now known as the Seggeluch basin .

Industrialization period

Wittenau (left) and Berlin (right) coats of arms above the entrance to Oranienburger Straße 186, created around 1927

As the city of Berlin grew, the population of Dalldorf rose steadily. This is mainly due to the fact that agriculture has been switched to more intensive crops. This in turn required more workers who initially came to Dalldorf as resident residents. Often they later acquired the right to build a house so that they could move up to the Büdner class . Significant political events such as the French occupation after 1806 and the liberation of the peasants in Prussia slowed down the development of Dalldorf, but had no other decisive effects. This can be traced back, for example, to the replacement of compulsory labor in the 18th century. It was not until 1827 that the first application for separation was made in Dalldorf . At the same time, part of the Jungfernheide was converted into a shooting range (today: Tegel Airport ). Since sheep from Dalldorf were grazing there up to this point, the farmers received compensatory payments, which at least made it easier for them to raise the compensation for old services and taxes. In 1869 the city of Berlin acquired land again from the municipality of Dalldorf, this time to build a city asylum . The institution was built from 1877 to 1879 and was henceforth known as the Municipal Insane Asylum in Dalldorf ; from 1957 to 2006 the clinic was called the Karl Bonhoeffer Nerve Clinic . Because of the explicit mention of the name was Dalldorf in subsequent years in the vernacular to the synonym for asylum .

With the completion of the Nordbahn in 1877 and the Kremmener Bahn in 1893, Dalldorf and the surrounding villages came into question for a marginal migration of Berlin's industry. The move of the Borsig company to Tegel had the greatest influence on the development of Dalldorf . There was insufficient living space in the vicinity of the new plant for the approximately 4,800 workers and 500 employees; therefore a factory settlement should be built. A specially founded terrestrial company bought 200  acres of land from the community of Dalldorf and built a road network on the former pasture area. Around a year after production began in the new Tegeler Borsig works, the first apartments in the works settlement could be moved into on October 1, 1899. The residents of this new settlement were aware of the association between Dalldorf and the insane asylum, so that early attempts were made to find an independent name. The brothers Conrad and Ernst Borsig agreed to the use of their family name; thus the name Borsigwalde could officially be used. Nevertheless, administratively the settlement still belonged to Dalldorf.

But not only the Borsigwald residents who had moved here tried to avoid any connection with the insane asylum. The Dalldorfers themselves also knew about the negative associations attached to their village name. Therefore, on January 24, 1903, a request was made to the responsible district administrator of the Niederbarnim district to rename the community. The inspiration for the new name was the long-term mayor of Dalldorf, Peter Witte , who died in 1902 , in combination with the location of the community on the flat land (a meadow ). The new name Wittenau was very popular due to Witte's popularity. After almost two years of processing, the application was approved by cabinet order on August 23, 1905 and the new name could be used from now on. However, since the psychiatric clinic also adopted the new place name, Wittenau was now used as a synonym for insane asylum instead of Dalldorf.

Regardless of the question of the name of the municipality, at the turn of the 20th century and in the 1910s, numerous other companies followed the example of the Borsig company and settled along the Nordbahn and Kremmener Bahn: there are still buildings north of the Wittenau station of the Nordbahn the vehicle factory F. G. Dittmann received, in the south-west of the district there is an extensive industrial area. This, together with an increase in the wealth of the citizens, led to higher tax revenues, so that the municipality of Wittenau began planning a representative town hall building around 1906. The foundation stone was laid on March 3, 1910 and on May 13, 1911 the Wittenau Town Hall was inaugurated.

Time of world wars

Memorial plaque on the former Alfred Teves company building

The marginal migration of Berlin's industry overlapped in Wittenau with the beginning of the First World War . For example, the German arms and ammunition factory moved to the Kremmener Bahn as early as 1913 . The settlement of many machine factories in and around Wittenau meant that the community was strongly influenced by the working class. So it is not surprising that the factories in Wittenau and the surrounding communities have repeatedly been the starting point for demonstrations and strikes by organized workers. The great anti-war strike of January 28, 1918 ultimately even led to martial law being imposed on the armaments factories in northern Berlin and military posts patrolling the streets. Nevertheless, organized groups were able to steal and hide weapons and ammunition. These were then distributed to the demonstrating population on November 9, 1918, who stormed the Wittenau town hall, among other places. In the following days, a workers 'and soldiers' council took over the administration of the community. The shaping of Wittenau by the workers was not only evident in the elections to the National Assembly , in which the SPD and the USPD received the most votes in the community, all Wittenau companies also followed the call for a general strike in response to the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch . After the end of the war, the conversion to peace production in Wittenau led to the dismissal of large parts of the workforce, as the local industry mainly produced armaments. This problem was initially not solved by the incorporation of Wittenau as part of the Reinickendorf district to Greater Berlin in 1920. The economic situation of the population in Wittenau only improved in the mid-1920s. This was particularly evident in the extensive construction work in the district; During this time, not only were the Wittenau residential complex southeast of the town hall and the Grünland settlement on the road to Alt-Tegel laid out, the Wittenau Volkspark and Steinbergpark also date from this time.

After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists , the NSDAP, with the help of SA departments, was also able to prevail in the elections at the district level, so that in April 1933 the Reinickendorf administration began to dismiss and admit people from the district office for political and racist reasons to evict. The construction of large modern settlements was stopped, but investments were made in the production of war goods in the course of war preparations. This in turn benefited the companies in Wittenau. The German weapons and ammunition works resumed their production, the still empty halls on the company premises were used by the Mauser weapons works. In the northeast of Wittenau, the companies Max Hensel Maschinenfabrik and Eisenbau as well as Alfred Teves Maschinen- und Armaturenfabrik , both located on the Tegel – Friedrichsfelde industrial line, benefited . Despite the improved economic situation for a large part of the workforce, resistance to National Socialism also formed in Wittenau . Various resistance groups in the armaments factories are reliably documented, for example the Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein organization was active both in the Alfred Teves company in Wittenau and in the armaments factories in the surrounding districts.

The bombing raids during World War II mainly damaged industrial buildings in the entire Reinickendorf district , and the loss of living space and human life was well below the Berlin average. On April 25, 1945, Wittenau was finally captured by the Red Army .

post war period

After the district was taken by the Red Army, a provisional local administration could be formed again relatively quickly. This was due to the fact that there were small groups of anti-fascists who were ready to take over the administration in coordination with the occupiers. Anton Jadasch was appointed mayor of Wittenau . Immediately after the end of the fighting in Berlin, the Soviet occupying power began to dismantle undamaged industrial plants and their facilities. The temporary British occupation power did not continue this. With the arrival of the French allies as the final occupying power, however, the dismantling began again. These continued until the Petersberg Agreement was signed on November 22, 1949. Nevertheless, some companies were able to produce various products again as early as November 1945, the former armaments factories in Wittenau mainly produced household goods and products required for reconstruction (the Mauser works, for example, potato chopping and bread molds, the former German arms and ammunition factories now provided stoves and building hardware her). The industry in Wittenau, which had just picked up again, was suddenly thwarted by the Berlin blockade in 1948/1949. Numerous companies temporarily stopped production, and handicrafts in particular did not resume work until several months after the blockade had ended. The political reconstruction progressed faster: in September 1950 the foundation stone for the extension to the Reinickendorf town hall was laid. A noticeable growth in industrial production can only be demonstrated for the period after 1953. Numerous companies were able to expand their production at this time (e.g. Waggon Union , ZF Friedrichshafen ), while others moved to the district (e.g. Collonil ) at this time . Not only industrial companies settled in Wittenau, also the largest of the residential complexes for the members of the French armed forces - the Cité Foch - was built here since 1953. A few apartment blocks along Cyclopstrasse were later followed by numerous residential, administrative and supply buildings northeast of the now demolished freight station Wittenau on the border with Waidmannslust . The location on the suburbs and the fact that the French representatives resided in Waidmannslust (see: Former residence of the High Commissioner of the French Republic for Germany ) still mean that the Cité Foch is incorrectly counted as Waidmannslust. Even the Federal Real Estate Agency , which administers the area today, makes this mistake.

Märkisches Viertel

During the 1950s, the population of the Reinickendorf district increased overall and the districts were given a large number of new residential buildings. In 1957 the number of new buildings even exceeded the Berlin average. In the course of this development, construction work began in Wittenau in 1963 for a large housing estate east of the Wittenau section of the northern line. The Märkisches Viertel was built here by 1974 and has been a separate district since June 1999.

The construction of the wall in 1961 also had far-reaching consequences for the Wittenau economy. As in the entire Reinickendorf district, the number of small businesses fell, and more and more businesses with more than ten employees were working. Furthermore, the public administration was centralized again with the construction of the Reinickendorf tax office in 1976. This constellation - like the limited cultural offerings - required an efficient infrastructure . As early as 1958, the then underground line C (today: line U6) had been extended to Tegel, which at least affected Borsigwalde from the underground . In the course of the S-Bahn boycott in West Berlin , Wittenau was increasingly dependent on the Berlin subway, buses and private transport. The complete cessation of train operations on the Kremmener Bahn and the Nordbahn in January 1984 made this situation even worse. The eastern part of Wittenau already had a well-developed north-south connection for individual traffic with the federal highway 96 . In addition, the construction of the A 111 - a feeder for the Berlin city motorway and the Berliner Ring  - began in the 1970s, and completion took until 1987. With the Holzhauser Straße junction , the west of Wittenau received a direct connection to the city ​​center . In the 1970s and 1980s has not only invested in transport infrastructure Wittenaus, but also in public buildings: 1971 construction was Ringelnatz Elementary School in the Wilhelm Gericke road completed, only a year later, the Peter Witte Primary School in the town hall promenade. After the completion of the Reinickendorf tax office on Eichborndamm in 1976, the Am Park school followed in 1978, east of the Wittenau public park . Finally, in 1983, the new building for two upper school centers was opened in Cyclopstraße , which are now run under the names Emil-Fischer-Schule and Ernst-Litfaß-Schule . In 1985, the new Humboldt Hospital was opened on a site on Nordgraben .

After reunification

With the fall of the Berlin Wall and subsequent reunification , cheap building land was available north of Berlin. This and coordinated economic development in the Oberhavel district led in the following years to an increasing number of young families and industrial companies moving to the northern Berlin area. In September 1994 Wittenau was connected to the U8 line of the Berlin subway, after the northern line returned to Oranienburg in 1992 .

It was not until 1995 that operations on the Kremmener Bahn were resumed, which means that Wittenau has been fully connected to the two historic north-south routes since then. The partial migration of the Wittenau industry caused a structural change in the district towards a mixture of commercial and residential properties. In 1994, construction began on a housing estate in the immediate vicinity of Triftpark, which is now known as the Blue Settlement due to its facade color - analogous to the Yellow Settlement on the other side of the Triftpark, whose row houses were completed in 1988. In the 1990s, two row house settlements were also built, but these two new building measures were accompanied by various inconsistencies and corresponding protests. Originally, on the park-like grounds on Spießweg a replacement for the demolished there before nursing home arise, these plans were never realized, instead, is there since 1999, a row of terraced houses. However, the planning for the area of ​​the former allotment garden colony “Neue Heimat” was brought to an end, after various evictions since March 1996 the foundation stone for a row house settlement and two-storey row buildings was finally laid in December 1996. The withdrawal of the French from the Cité Foch, which was subsequently renovated , proceeded without protests . The apartments there were managed and marketed by the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks when the Federal Government moved to Berlin ; they should be made available primarily to federal officials with their families. In 1994 the Romain-Rolland-Gymnasium was founded here in the former premises of the French primary school École Victor Hugo , a grammar school with a French focus. At the end of the 1990s, the Cité Foch experienced a brief revival, especially with the opening of a famila department store in the old shopping center. In July 2001 famila in Berlin was taken over by Kaufland , in February 2006 the branch in the Cité Foch was closed, the nearby Kaufland branch on Eichhorster Weg still exists. As feared at the time, the settlement continued to decline, and in 2011 the last grocery store closed.

However, the change on the former Waggon Union site can be described as successful . In 1997 this area was converted into an industrial area, the area was initially marketed under the name Factory Village , today as Holzhauser Markt . The official celebrations for the 650th anniversary of Wittenau were held in 2001.

As a result of a resolution by the Reinickendorfer District Council (BVV) on March 14, 2012, the District Office declared the former location of Borsigwalde the 11th part of the district on April 24, 2012 . So Borsigwalde no longer belongs to Wittenau.

traffic

Access to the Wittenau S-Bahn and U-Bahn station on Wilhelmsruher Damm

Local public transport

Wittenau is flanked by a S-Bahn route on its south-western and its eastern suburbs . A subway line connects these two routes and thus connects the historic core of the district to the Berlin subway. The transport hub is the Wittenau train station , from which numerous bus lines depart for the neighboring districts. Line 124 connects the districts of Tegel and Märkisches Viertel in an east-west direction, while lines 120 connect Wedding with Frohnau in a north-south direction . About the Metro bus line M21 and the parallel trains running express bus X21 Wittenau is to Charlottenburg-Nord connected. Some lines even run in subordinate streets, but these have more of a feeder function.

Private transport

For motorized individual traffic, Wittenau is connected to the federal highway 96 , the federal highway 111 runs about one kilometer to the west. In addition, with Eichborndamm and the southern Oranienburger Strasse, there are two further main roads to the south, the streets Am Nordgraben, Gorkistraße and Alt-Wittenau run through the district in an east-west direction. Most of the main roads mentioned have cycle paths alongside the road , but large parts of them are in great need of renovation. Cobblestone is only available in a few side streets; the majority of the streets are covered with a closed surface layer . In most of the public green spaces there are separate cycle paths. In the vicinity of these facilities in particular, many paths are reserved exclusively for pedestrians and serve as a connection between two streets.

Sports

The sports clubs in Wittenau are only of regional importance, but with their youth work they are an important point of contact for young athletes. The TSV Wittenau 1896 e. V. is the oldest sports club in the district and offers a variety of sports, the table tennis department can look back on well-known members such as Helmut Germany , Uschi Janke and Heinz Raack . Concordia Wittenau is a traditional club in the soccer field , but it was last in the 1950s that it achieved national successes. Professional soccer players who laid the foundation for their later career here can only be proven in isolated cases.

See also

literature

  • Günter Schneider, Arnt Cobbers: Reinickendorf . 1st edition. Jaron Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-89773-004-9 .
  • Ingolf Wernicke: Reinickendorf: the green north of Berlin: history, dates and facts, sights . 1st edition. Jaron Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-932202-60-0 .
  • Klaus Schlickeiser: Festschrift 650 years of Wittenau 1351-2001 . Ed .: Association for Education, Culture and International Relations Reinickendorf e. V. Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-927611-16-6 .

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Wittenau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Usually, local anniversaries are determined after the first documentary mention, regardless of whether the original still exists. In not a few cases the original document is missing, but only exists in a copy ( copy book ), e.g. B. the Spandau deed of 1232.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Klaus Schlickeiser: Festschrift 650 years Wittenau 1351–2001 . Ed .: Support group for culture and education in Reinickendorf e. V. Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-927611-16-6 , chapter Chronik von Wittenau , p. 13-17 .
  2. ^ Fritz Curschmann : The inventory of documents of the Spandau monastery. In: Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 22 .
  3. ↑ Adolph Friedrich Riedel (ed.): Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis . Volume A 11, p. 42. In: Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 23 .
  4. ↑ Lieselott Enders : Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part 6, p. 627. In: Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 23 .
  5. ^ Gerd Koischwitz: Six Villages in Swamp and Sand - History of the Reinickendorf District of Berlin . 1st edition. "Der Nord-Berliner" Wilhelm Möller, Berlin 1984, DNB  871131145 , p. 81-92 .
  6. ↑ a b Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 22-26 .
  7. ↑ Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 44 f .
  8. ↑ Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 46 .
  9. ↑ Michael Zaremba : Reinickendorf in the course of history . 1st edition. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930863-63-4 , p. 99 .
  10. ↑ a b Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 69 f .
  11. ↑ a b c d Michael Zaremba: Reinickendorf in the course of history . 1st edition. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930863-63-4 , p. 76 .
  12. ↑ Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 62 .
  13. ↑ Friedel Fielitz: Borsigwalde once: Reports and narratives . Ed .: Support group for culture and education in Reinickendorf e. V. Berlin 1987, DNB  881210900 , p. 11 .
  14. ↑ Not just smoke and mirrors. By name, unsavory and misleading . In: Märkische Allgemeine Zeitung . April 12, 2008 ( online [accessed January 3, 2013]).
  15. ↑ a b Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 55 .
  16. ↑ Michael Zaremba : Reinickendorf in the course of history . 1st edition. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930863-63-4 , p. 72 .
  17. ↑ Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 74 .
  18. ^ A b Bruno Schremmer: Reinickendorf in the last 100 years up to the incorporation in 1920. In: Journal of the Association for the History of Berlin. 55 (1938), p. 46. In: Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 75 .
  19. ^ Annemarie Lange: The Wilhelminian Berlin. P. 792. In: Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 75 .
  20. ↑ Hermsdorf-Waidmannsluster-Frohnauer-Glienicker-Zeitung , January 30, 1919. In: Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 76 .
  21. ↑ Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 77 .
  22. ↑ a b Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 80 .
  23. ↑ Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 84 .
  24. ↑ a b Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 86-88 .
  25. ^ Annette Neumann: Operating cells of the Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein organization. (PDF; 28 kB) January 22, 2009, p. 3 , accessed on February 26, 2012 : "The largest operating groups in the SJB organization were in the Teves machine and fittings factory in Wittenau with around 40 people [...]"
  26. ↑ Michael Zaremba : Reinickendorf in the course of history . 1st edition. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930863-63-4 , p. 134 .
  27. ↑ a b c d Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 89 f .
  28. ↑ Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 94 .
  29. ↑ Collonil Homepage Salzenbrodt GmbH & Co., accessed on May 14, 2017
  30. ^ A b Rainer W. During: Bonjour Tristesse: The Cité Foch . In: Der Tagesspiegel . August 2, 2010 ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  31. ↑ Cité Foch - A special place. Location description. (No longer available online.) In: cite-foch.net. Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks, archived from the original on February 12, 2012 ; accessed on February 26, 2012 : "The former settlement of the French armed forces is located in the north of Berlin in the Reinickendorf district, Waidmannslust district in an upscale residential area [...]" Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cite-foch.net
  32. ↑ Berliner Statistics, Volume 27 (1973), Issue 12, p. 523. In: Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 95 .
  33. ↑ Michael Zaremba : Reinickendorf in the course of history . 1st edition. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930863-63-4 , p. 83 .
  34. ↑ Axel Reibe: Reinickendorf . Ed .: Wolfgang Ribbe (=  history of the Berlin administrative districts . Volume 4 ). 1st edition. Colloquium Verlag, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7678-0714-9 , pp. 97 .
  35. ↑ a b c d Reinickendorf and its districts: More about Wittenau. In: berlin.de. Reinickendorf district office of Berlin, accessed on February 26, 2012 .
  36. ↑ EFS - How it all started. In: emilfischerschule.de. H. Keller, Emil Fischer School, accessed on February 26, 2012 .
  37. ↑ Michael Zaremba : Reinickendorf in the course of history . 1st edition. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930863-63-4 , p. 103 .
  38. ↑ Michael Zaremba: Reinickendorf in the course of history . 1st edition. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-930863-63-4 , p. 148 .
  39. ↑ Uta Grüttner: Wittenau celebrated the topping-out ceremony for 93 apartments . In: Berliner Zeitung . July 19, 1994, ISSN  0947-174X ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  40. ↑ Uta Grüttner: Gray panthers protested against district office plans for the home on Spießweg . In: Berliner Zeitung . October 15, 1994, ISSN  0947-174X ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  41. ↑ Uta Grüttner: Residents of the “Neue Heimat” colony on Gorkistraße should clear their parcels by now . In: Berliner Zeitung . January 31, 1996, ISSN  0947-174X ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  42. ↑ Uta Grüttner: City Councilor for Health at the Spießweg Senior Center . In: Berliner Zeitung . January 6, 1995, ISSN  0947-174X ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  43. ↑ Chronicle: Berlin in 1996, facts day by day. In: luise-berlin.de. Hans-Jürgen Mende, Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein e. V., accessed on February 26, 2012 : “In the“ Neue Heimat ”colony on Gorkistraße (Reinickendorf), the first four parcels will be evacuated; a total of 40 coercive measures were planned. "
  44. ↑ Foundation stone laid on what was once an allotment garden area: 176 apartments are being built on Gorkistraße . In: Berliner Zeitung . December 10, 1996, ISSN  0947-174X ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  45. ↑ New home for over 200 apartments: laying of the foundation stone in Berlin-Tegel. In: baunetz.de. BauNetz Media GmbH, December 10, 1996, accessed on February 26, 2012 .
  46. ↑ a b The fear of emptiness . In: Der Tagesspiegel . July 18, 2006 ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  47. ↑ School history. (No longer available online.) In: romain-rolland-gymnasium.eu. Rolf Völzke, Romain-Rolland-Gymnasium, archived from the original on January 15, 2012 ; Retrieved February 26, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.romain-rolland-gymnasium.eu
  48. ↑ Stefan Strauss: Kaufland terminates dealers within four days . In: Berliner Zeitung . February 17, 2006, ISSN  0947-174X ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  49. ↑ In the meantime (as of January 2013) scrap metal is being “recovered” from the Kaufland building, there is concern about the “art in construction” . In: taz . January 26, 2013.
  50. ↑ Concept of customer proximity: better service in the office is well received . In: Der Tagesspiegel . December 12, 2000 ( online [accessed February 26, 2012]). Quote: Examples are the Borsig area, where the 2000 newly created jobs are to be doubled again, and the conversion of the former Waggon Union area on Holzhauser Straße to the Factory Village.
  51. ↑ Art and commerce revive former industrial wastelands . In: Berliner Morgenpost . July 31, 2002 ( online, for a fee [accessed February 26, 2012]).
  52. ↑ Realized projects: Holzhauser Markt. In: dwi-grundbesitz.de. DWI Grundbesitz GmbH, accessed on February 26, 2012 .
  53. ↑ The district of Borsigwalde - Berlin.de. In: berlin.de. Retrieved August 12, 2020 .
  54. ↑ District investment planning for civil engineering measures. (No longer available online.) In: berlin.de. District Office Reinickendorf of Berlin, formerly in the original ; accessed on February 26, 2012 : "The roadway and the only partially existing bike paths are in a structurally poor condition and can no longer be permanently maintained as part of normal road maintenance."