Berlin-Frohnau

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Frohnau
district of Berlin
Berlin Heiligensee Konradshöhe Frohnau Tegel Hermsdorf Waidmannslust Lübars Märkisches Viertel Borsigwalde Wittenau Reinickendorf BrandenburgFrohnau on the map of Reinickendorf
About this picture
Coordinates 52 ° 38 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  E Coordinates: 52 ° 38 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  E
surface 7.8 km²
Residents 16,814 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 2156 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Oct. 1, 1920
Post Code 13465
District number 1205
structure
Administrative district Reinickendorf
Locations

Frohnau is a part of Berlin in the Reinickendorf district . It emerged in 1910 from the project of a garden city .

location

Frohnau is the northernmost part of the Reinickendorf district and is located on the northwestern edge of Berlin. The northernmost point is in the Invalidensiedlung, which lies on the border with Hohen Neuendorf in Brandenburg . The neighboring districts of Berlin are Heiligensee in the southwest , Tegel in the south and Hermsdorf in the southeast . In the west, north and east the district borders on the Oberhavel district in Brandenburg. In the north it borders on the city of Hohen Neuendorf. The district of Stolpe, which belongs to this city, is located northwest of Frohnau. In the east, Frohnau borders on the community of Glienicke / Nordbahn , whose residential development merges into that of the Berlin district. Northeast is the community for Mühlenbecker land belonging Bieselheide .

history

Coat of arms of Frohnau
Structure of Frohnau around 1908

Today's Berlin district was laid out between 1908 and 1910 by the Berlin Terrain-Centrale , which was initiated by the Upper Silesian Prince Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck (one of the three plazas in the district is named after him). In 1907, the company bought forest land to the left and right of the Berlin Nordbahn from the von Veltheim family in Schönfließ and began building a settlement that was based on the garden city movement that was emerging at the time and was named Garden City Frohnau . The landscape architect Ludwig Lesser developed an overall concept based on British models. The architects Joseph Brix and Felix Genzmer won the urban planning competition to design the new garden city . The garden city was laid out around the new station building of the Berlin suburban railway, which was built in Art Nouveau according to plans by the architects Gustav Hart and Alfred Lesser . The radial main access roads start at the double space at Ludolfingerplatz and Zeltinger Platz and - following the moving topography - are mostly curved. The site was parceled out and sold to those willing to build.

On May 7th, 1910 the inauguration of the place was celebrated, in the short time until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 only a few houses were built. The cadastral areas belonged to the Stolpe district before they were incorporated into Greater Berlin in 1920 . The largest part was only built between the two world wars. The area around the polo field was a gift from Prince von Donnersmarck to Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Berliners. Until 1932, the Frohnauer could enjoy themselves playing polo.

The development of the northeastern part of the planned settlement was never realized, although the streets there had already been paved and sidewalks with street trees had been laid out. You can still hike through the Frohnau Forest there on cobbled streets. The plan that emerged in the 1930s to run the northern part of the Berlin motorway ring through this forest, fortunately for the suburbs, did not become a reality. In the north of Frohnau, the Invalidensiedlung was built in 1938 on a horseshoe-shaped floor plan. Its main entrance, however , was oriented to the north towards Hohen Neuendorf in Brandenburg .

In terms of local law, Frohnau was initially part of the Stolpe manor district and since July 1910 it has formed its own manor district. In 1917 the northern part was separated as a further manor district 'Kaiserlich Frohnau'. However, the separation was not carried out in practice, as with the revolution of 1918 the manor districts were dissolved. On October 1, 1920 Frohnau was incorporated into the greater Berlin community and has since been part of the Reinickendorf district.

On April 22, 1945, Soviet troops occupied the district. From August 12, 1945 to October 2, 1990 he was part of the French sector of Berlin. In the west, north and east, the district was surrounded by the territory of the Soviet occupation zone / GDR , which was cordoned off from June 1952 . The Oranienburger Chaussee in the course of the F 96 was cordoned off from the Berliner Straße continuing south by the “ Entenschnabel ”, a strip of land belonging to the Soviet Zone / GDR. On December 25, 1952 on the occurred in Frohnau a serious border incident, Soviet soldiers the West Berlin police officer Herbert Bauer shot. Until the opening of the F 96 in February 1990, Frohnau was essentially only accessible via three streets from the southern district of Hermsdorf due to the fall of the Berlin Wall . The Rote Chaussee, which connects Frohnau with Heiligensee through the Tegeler Forest , was laid out by the French military.

The modern city anthem Frohnau-Lied was set to music in 1986 as part of a competition based on a text by Reinickendorf's Fritz Eckardt. The Frohnau coat of arms was also selected in a competition in 1987.

On June 19 and 20, 2010 Frohnau celebrated its 100th anniversary.

Buildings

Casino tower

Casino tower

The casino tower was built between 1909 and 1910 as a 30-meter-high landmark and landmark of the district based on a design by architects Gustav Hart and Alfred Lesser. The balcony-like walkway below the top of the tower at a height of 26.5 meters is designed as a viewing platform. On the tower facade there are clocks in all four directions. Above the main entrance is a sculpture of a deer's head on which the antlers of a stag hunted in the imperial court hunting area near Oranienburg are placed. Inside the tower is equipped with a tank with a volume of 49 m³ - which has been out of service for a long time - for the water supply of the station area and the adjoining business buildings, so it is actually a water tower . At its southwest corner of the tower has a height of about up to 20 m leading stairs tower, like a corner oriel attaches to the tower.

Frohnau S-Bahn station

Station building Frohnau

The station building with the low platform was built by the Berlin Railway Directorate from 1908–1910, also based on a design by the Gustav Hart & Alfred Lesser architects. The Berlin Terrain-Centrale, which at that time opened up Frohnau as a new settlement area, paid a construction cost subsidy of 30,000  gold marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 175,000 euros) and assumed the operating costs for four years. Long before Frohnau was founded, the Berlin Northern Railway has operated here between Berlin and Stralsund since 1877 . When the Frohnau Bridge was built in 1909, the railway tracks were lowered, the surrounding area was filled in and the road bridge was built to connect the districts built on both sides of the railway.

On May 1, 1910, the new Frohnau station was inaugurated; 1640 visitors were counted. The station was renovated between 1984 and 1986. In 2010, the station building was energetically refurbished as part of the Federal Republic of Germany's economic stimulus package , reducing energy consumption by 41 percent.

Substation and former Straumer Bridge

One of the historic access roads from Oranienburger Chaussee to Frohnau is on Fürstendamm. The mountain range from Pfingstberg and Krugberge running there had to be broken through. The incision formed by the Fürstendamm was spanned along the ridge by a wooden pedestrian bridge, which also served as a viewing platform. The architect Heinrich Straumer provided the designs in 1907 . In 1944 the bridge burned down. The stone northern bridge abutment, in which there was a substation, was preserved. This building was renovated after 2011 and now houses a wine bar.

Water tower

The water tower in the municipal cemetery Hermsdorf is in the Frohnau area. It was built in 1908/1909 and depicted in two paintings by the painter Max Beckmann, who lived in Hermsdorf at the time , including during the construction phase. The tower is 30 meters high and originally supplied Hermsdorf, Frohnau, Waidmannslust and Lübars with the necessary water pressure. The water tank could hold a maximum of 500 m³, but was only in operation for about 20 years. During the Second World War , the tower served as an observation post for the police and the air force.

Former radio relay system

The former directional radio system seen from the northwest: the high lattice mast was blown up in early February 2009. The smaller antenna bracket on the right is still used.

The former Frohnau radio relay is located on the Jägerstieg road in a forest near Lake Hubertus . The facility called internally radio transmission point Berlin 25 was built by the Landespostdirektion Berlin in the 1970s to create additional radio links to West Germany and thus to relieve the systems at the Berlin-Schäferberg telecommunications tower . The two antenna carriers in Frohnau were integrated into the telephone and radio transmission network of the Deutsche Bundespost and at no time were used to broadcast radio programs .

In addition to the 117.5 meter tall freestanding lattice tower, which is now mainly the mobile phone is used, was in 1978 a first 344-meter high guyed lattice tower , which according to the TV tower , the second tallest structure in Berlin and the fourth highest in Germany was. It enabled the first time, for time and identical erected mast Gartow 2 on the Höhbeck in Lüchow-Dannenberg , a (quasi) sight on the territory of the GDR across the western federal territory and therefore did not have the formula used until then, very complex and failure-prone , Use the technique of over-horizon radio transmission ( scatter ).

The operating pulpit of the lattice mast was expanded in 1982 to make space for eavesdropping technology of the French and US occupying forces, which could better record the VHF and UHF radio operations in the Warsaw Pact area from there . Since the installation of the antennas also required space, the mast had to be increased by around 14 meters to 358.58 meters.

After reunification , the complex radio links to the west could be replaced by long-distance cables. As the maintenance of the lattice mast caused high costs and there were no new uses, the mast was blown up on February 8, 2009.

Others

Some architecturally attractive buildings in Frohnau were designed by the following architects:

Ponds and ponds

For rainwater infiltration when investing Frohnaus numerous ponds were created. Natural ponds were also suitable for this. The waters are mostly part of protected green spaces , but their ecological function is limited. There are 18 such ponds and ponds in Frohnau, most of which are named after the street on the street:

Hubertussee
  • Blackbird Pond
  • Arthur's Pool
  • Dam pond
  • Noble pond
  • Oak pool
  • Fürstenteich
  • Hubertussee
  • Laurin pond
  • Ludwig Lesser pond
  • Neubrückerteich
  • New pond
  • Nibelung pond
  • Mehringteich
  • Mushroom pond
  • Pond in the Rosenanger
  • Scheringteich
  • Stolzing pond
  • Welfenteich

Public facilities

schools

  • Renée Sintenis Primary School, named after the sculptor, draftsman and graphic artist Renée Sintenis, who died in Berlin .
  • Victor Gollancz Primary School. The school is named after the English publisher Victor Gollancz . This - even Jewish faith - came up against the thesis of the collective guilt of the German people after the Second World War and campaigned to help the needy German population.
  • Evangelical school in Frohnau (elementary school and high school).

fire Department

The voluntary fire brigade Frohnau is responsible for the fire and rescue service in the garden city. With over 1000 missions in 2012, it is one of the most powerful volunteer fire departments in Berlin.

Religious communities

Churches

Johanneskirche
Former Protestant church and now St. Hildegard

The Protestant Johanneskirche was built in 1934-1936 together with the parish hall based on a design by the brothers Walter and Johannes Krüger (builders of the Tannenberg monument ). The design of the tower is reminiscent of the Romanesque westworks of medieval fortified churches . The porch in front of the church entrance is supported by four oak logs from the Tegel Forest. The sculptor Karl Sylla carved the symbols of the four evangelists and other Christian symbols into these . The altar with chandelier was designed by the sculptor Fritz Thiel. The abstract leaded glass windows created by Götz Löpelmann in 1967 represent the story of creation .

The Evangelical parish Frohnau was separated from the parish Stolpe in 1922. Before the Johanneskirche was built, the services took place in a building on Senheimer Strasse that was originally built as a gym. This gymnasium was a military hospital during the First World War and was eventually acquired by the Catholic parish of Frohnaus.

Since then the Catholic Church of St. Hildegard has been located there . It is dedicated to Hildegard von Bingen and houses a number of remarkable works of art.

The Buddhist house

Owner of the Buddhist House was the doctor Paul Dahlke , who on his trips to Asia to Buddhism had met. As a center of this religion, he had a villa-like house built by the Pankow architect Max Meyer from 1923 to 1924 with a Japanese- style temple behind it . Buddhist monks still live here today and lectures and discussions take place regularly.

and display information about the image
Aerial view of Ludolfinger Platz in Frohnau (with casino tower and church building)

Cultural institutions

  • The tea room (Protestant youth home at Fuchssteiner Weg 20-26)
  • the Center Bagatelle (Zeltinger Straße 6) offers a wide range of cultural activities. In addition to numerous courses, a. concerts of various musical styles take place regularly.
  • Kunsthand Berlin
  • Künstlerhof Frohnau: On the forest area (Hubertusweg 60), with the support of the Reinickendorf District Office and a large initiative of the artists, there has been a production facility for artists in the fields of painting , sculpture , ceramics , graphics and glass processing in former hospital buildings from the 1920s and a new building from 1970 , Conception , video technology and the Internet , writing , photography , music and composition emerged.
  • City Library Frohnau
  • Kiwanis Club Berlin Frohnau e. V.
  • the house : Boy Scout Home of the German Scout Association
  • formerly also the youth center Terra Frohnau (closure: 2011)

Personalities

See also

literature

  • Hans-Ulrich Kreusler: Frohnauer views. Hans-Ulrich Kreusler Verlag, Berlin 1984.
  • Bernd Hildebrandt: Frohnau: The citizens of Frohnau have been researching their district from the time it was founded until today . Haude & Spener, Berlin 1985.
  • Tilly Boesche-Zacharow: Johannes Lotter - the Lord God carver of Frohnau. M. u. N. Boesche Verlag, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-923809-04-2 .
  • Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephani: Evangelical churches in Berlin. 2nd edition. CZV-Verlag, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-7674-0158-4 , pp. 129-131.
  • Max Mechow: Frohnau, the Berlin garden city. 2nd edition Stapp Verlag, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-87776-052-X .
  • Klaus Schlickeiser: Walks in Frohnau. Support group for education, culture and international relations Reinickendorf e. V., Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-927611-19-0 .
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: Parks and Gardens in Berlin and Potsdam. Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection. Section III - Garden Monument Care, 3rd edition, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-87584-267-7 , pp. 58–60.
  • Michael Haddenhorst (photos), Peter Lemburg (text): Frohnau. Nicolai-Verlag, Berlin 1995.
  • Avigdor Ben Trojan: Greetings to Miss Ilse - Jewish search for traces in Reinickendorf , part 1: Frohnau. 2nd ed. M. u. N. Boesche Verlag Berlin, 2003, ISBN 3-923809-80-8 .
  • Parish council of the Evangelical parish Frohnau: Jewish neighbors 1933-1945 persecuted - expelled - murdered - forgotten? Evangelical Church Community Frohnau, Berlin 2001
  • Klaus Pegler: It happened in Frohnau - Frohnau stories 2. Alektor Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-88425-085-3 .
  • Klaus Pegler: Frohnauer Stories - Experienced and Researched. Alektor Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-88425-083-3 .
  • Katrin Lesser-Sayrac, Ingolf Wernicke, Klaus von Krosigk: Ludwig Lesser (1869–1957) - first freelance garden architect in Berlin and his works in the Reinickendorf district. Senate Department for Urban Development and Environmental Protection Berlin (Ed.), Kulturbuch-Verlag GmbH 1995, contributions to the preservation of monuments in Berlin, issue 4, ISBN 3-88961-152-4 .

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Frohnau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry permitted, but for how much longer . In: Der Tagesspiegel , February 24, 2003
  2. ↑ Casinoturm, Berlin-Frohnau
  3. ↑ Economic stimulus program, selected highlights, Berlin-Frohnau, planned measures. (No longer available online.) Www.bahnhof.de, formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 26, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bahnhof.de  
  4. ↑ An entrance to Frohnau . In: Reinickendorfer Allgemeine Zeitung . No. 6 , 2018, p. 7 (supplement Frohnau) .
  5. ↑ Directional radio links from West Germany to West Berlin at manfred-bischoff.de, accessed on July 31, 2019
  6. ↑ Report on the demolition of the rbb transmitter mast - evening show from February 8, 2009 on YouTube
  7. ↑ Markus Richter: Explosion on richtfunkmast-frohnau.de, accessed on July 17, 2019
  8. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Stork: Save the blue eyes of Frohnau , NABU - Landesverband Berlin.
  9. ↑ Urban development Berlin: List of bodies of water under district responsibility (PDF; 21 kB)
  10. ↑ Terra Youth Center will be closed. In: Der Tagesspiegel . Retrieved June 5, 2012 .