Lattice mast
A lattice mast is a tower-like structure in a half-timbered construction . It is often used for overhead lines , traction power lines , cranes ( tower crane ), beacons , trestle bridges , large antenna structures or for wind turbines .
Overhead line masts
In the design as an overhead line mast , a lattice mast consists of a steel framework construction. Lattice masts can be used for lines of all voltages, but their use for lines with operating voltages below 50 kV is rather rare. For lines with operating voltages above 50 kV, lattice masts are the most common form of overhead line masts. Lattice masts are usually screwed together from individual parts at the installation site. This also enables very high structures to be implemented (usually up to 100 meters, in special cases such as Elbe crossing 1 and Elbe crossing 2 even more). The assembly of lattice masts can be done with a crane - in inaccessible places also by helicopter , but a kind of pulley system , the derrick (or stick tree ) is often used for this.
Lattice masts usually consist of angle profiles (L- or T-beams). Pipe grid constructions are rare in Germany. Trusses are often used for very tall lattice masts, especially for the lower parts.
Lattice masts can be dismantled if necessary and, if necessary, rebuilt at a new location. However, this procedure, which is quite common in practice, only makes sense for constructions that are in good condition.
- See also overhead line mast
Antenna mast
Lattice masts are also used as antenna masts, often on a lattice mast with a high-voltage line.
Free-standing, self-radiating transmission masts
| tower | Construction year | country | city | height | Remarks |
| Medium wave transmitter Orfordness | 1981/82 | Great Britain | Orfordness | 106.7 m | several masts isolated from earth |
| Junglinster long wave transmitter | 1932 | Luxembourg | Junglinster | 250 m | 3 towers, insulated from the earth, height since 1980 216 meters |
| Blosenberg Tower | 1937 | Switzerland | Beromünster | 216 m | isolated from earth |
| Novosemejkino transmitter masts | 1943 | Russia | Novosemejkino | 205 m | several towers, isolated from the earth |
| Leipzig radio tower | 2015 | Germany | Leipzig | 191 m | |
| Carolina Beach LORAN-C transmission tower | ? | United States | Carolina Beach | 190.5 m | isolated from earth, collapsed in 1961 |
| Country transmitter Sottens , old transmitter mast | 1947 | Switzerland | Sottens | 190 m | isolated from earth, demolished in 1989 |
| LORAN transmission tower Cambridge Bay | 1948 | Canada | Cambridge Bay | 189 m | |
| State transmitter Beromünster , reserve transmitter mast | 1937 | Switzerland | Beromünster | 126 m | isolated from earth |
| Country transmitter Sottens , reserve broadcast mast | 1931 | Switzerland | Sottens | 125 m | isolated from earth |
| Broadcasters Monte Ceneri | 1933 | Switzerland | Monte Ceneri | 120 m | isolated from earth, TV transmitter since 1978 (today DVB-T and DAB) |
| DECCA transmitter mast Puckeridge | 194? | Great Britain | Puckeridge | 100 m | isolated from earth |
| Freemen's Common transmission tower | ? | Great Britain | Freemen's Common | ? | isolated from earth |
| Camphin en Carembault radio station, reserve broadcast mast | ? | France | Camphin en Carembault | ? | isolated from earth |
| old transmitter mast Florence | ? | Italy | Florence | ? | Isolated from earth |
| Ashton Moss transmission towers | ? | Great Britain | Ashton-under-Lyne | ? | 3 towers, isolated from the earth |
| Medium wave transmission mast Lutsk | ? | Ukraine | Lutsk | 50 m | |
| NKR | 197? | Germany | Glue | 20 m | isolated from earth |
Transmission towers without a viewing platform
| tower | Construction year | country | city | height | Remarks |
| Kiev television tower | 1973 | Ukraine | Kiev | 385 m | |
| WITI transmission tower | 1962 | United States | Shorewood, Wisconsin | 329 m | |
| WSB transmission tower | 1957 | United States | Atlanta, Georgia | 327.6 m | |
| Saint Petersburg television tower | 1962 | Russia | St. Petersburg | 326 m | |
| WHDH transmission tower | 1994 | United States | Newton, Massachusetts | 323.8 m | |
| KCTV Tower | 1956 | United States | Kansas City, Missouri | 317.6 m | |
| Turner communications tower Atlanta | 1980 | United States | Atlanta, Georgia | 314.3 m | |
| Yerevan TV tower | 1977 | Armenia | Yerevan | 311.7 m | |
| Broadcasting station Langenberg | 1988 | Germany | Velbert-Langenberg | 301 m | |
| Mumbai transmission tower | ? | India | Mumbai | 300 m | |
| Star Tower | 1991 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 291 m | |
| Sutro Tower | 1973 | United States | San Francisco | 295 m | |
| Dudelange transmission tower | 1956/57 | Luxembourg | Dudelange | 285 m | 1981 partially destroyed after an accident, rebuilt |
| Octod transmission tower | 2006 | Russia | Moscow | 258 m | |
| Hrodna transmission tower | 1984 | Belarus | Hrodna | 254 m | |
| Masts of the Lafayette transmitter | 1920 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 8 free-standing transmitter masts, demolished between 1944 and 1953 |
| Transmission masts of the Junglinster long wave transmitter | 1932 | Luxembourg | Junglinster | 250 m | 3 towers isolated from the ground, height since 1980 216 m |
| NSS Annapolis | 1936 | United States | Annapolis | 243.8 m | tore off |
| Central tower Königs Wusterhausen | 1925 | Germany | King Wusterhausen | 243 m | Destroyed on November 13, 1972 by hurricane Quimburga |
| Kharkiv TV tower | ? | Ukraine | Kharkiv | 242.5 m | |
| VHF transmission tower Wavre | ? | Belgium | Wavre | 232 m | |
| Crystal Palace Tower | 1950 | Great Britain | London | 222 m | |
| Torre TV Bandeirantes | 1997 | Brazil | Sao Paulo | 212 m | |
| Bol d'Air-Ougrée television tower | ? | Belgium | Bol d'Air-Ougrée | 210 m | |
| Kherson TV Tower | ? | Ukraine | Kherson | 200 m | |
| Mulhouse-Belvédère transmission tower | 1997 | France | Mulhouse-Belvédère | 194 m | |
| Leipzig radio tower | 2016 | Germany | Leipzig | 191 m | Under construction |
| Sottens transmitter masts | 1989 | Switzerland | Sottens | 188 m | Transmission masts for medium wave |
| Santa Palomba , main broadcast mast | ? | Italy | Santa Palomba | 186 m | Support tower of a trap antenna for medium wave |
| Transmission towers of the longest wave transmitter Criggion | 1941 | Great Britain | Criggion, Powys | 182.9 m | 3 towers, demolished |
| Namur-Profondeville transmission tower | ? | Belgium | Namur Profondeville | 163 m | |
| Radio tower hall | 2005 | Germany | Halle (Saale) | 160.5 m | |
| Tournai-Froidmont television tower | ? | Belgium | Tournai-Froidmont | 157 m | |
| Mesquite Tower | 1990 | United States | Mesquite, Texas | 155.3 m | |
| Croydon transmitter | 1962 | Great Britain | London, Surrey | 152 m | |
| Mělník-Chloumek transmission tower | ? | Czech Republic | Mělník | 152 m | Transmission mast for medium wave |
| Transmission tower Dobrochov | ? | Czech Republic | Dobrochov | 152 m | Transmission mast for medium wave |
| Schuchow radio tower | 1922 | Russia | Moscow | 150 m | |
| Long wave transmitter Lahti | 1927 | Finland | Lahti | 150 m | 2 towers that carry a long wave transmitting antenna |
| Transmission masts Liblice | 1929-1931 | Czech Republic | Liblice | 150 m | 2 towers carrying a long wave transmitting antenna, demolished in 2004 |
| Mannesmann Tower Vienna | 1954 | Austria | Vienna | 150 m | |
| Leglise-Anlier television tower | ? | Belgium | Leglise anlier | 150 m | |
| Langenbrand transmission tower | 1974 | Germany | Schömberg-Langenbrand | 148 m | |
| Ugchelen transmission tower | 1959 | Netherlands | Ugchelen | 142 m | |
| Monte Mario transmission tower | ? | Italy | Rome | 140 m | |
| Fremont Point transmitter mast | ? | Great Britain | Fremont Point, Jersey | 139 m | |
| Hohenstadt radio tower | ? | Germany | Hohenstadt | 137 m | |
| Old St. Chrischona transmission tower | 195? | Switzerland | St. Chrischona | 136 m | |
| Ślęża transmission tower | 1972 | Poland | Ślęża | 136 m | Tip also strained |
| Hardberg transmission tower | 1951 | Germany | Hardberg | 135 m | |
| Trollhättan TV tower | ? | Sweden | Trollhättan | 135 m | |
| First transmitter mast in Emley Moor | 1956 | Great Britain | Emley Moor, Yorkshire | 135 m | reduced |
| Sölvesborg transmitter masts | 1985 | Sweden | Solvesborg | 135 m | Two transmission towers for medium wave |
| Lezarsk transmitter mast | Poland | Lezarsk | 130 m | additionally secured with pardunas | |
| Piątkowo TV tower | 1993 + 1955 | Poland | Poznań | 128 m + 76 m | |
| Grimeton transmission towers | 1923 | Sweden | Grimeton | 127 m | 6 transmission masts for longitudinal wave |
| Transmission masts from HBG Prangins | 1931 | Switzerland | Prangins | 125 m | 2 towers that carry a long wave transmitting antenna |
| Craigkelly TV Tower | ? | Great Britain | Craigkelly | 125 m | |
| Transmitter masts Motala | 1927 | Sweden | Motala | 120 m | 2 towers that carry a long wave transmitting antenna |
| Mannesmann Tower Hanover | 1955 | Germany | Hanover | 120 m | |
| Kalundborg radio station | 1927 | Denmark | Kalundborg | 118 m | 2 towers that carry a long wave transmitting antenna |
| Kvitsoy Tower | 1981/82 | Norway | Kvitsoy | 117.5 m | Transmission tower for medium wave |
| Directional radio tower Helgoland | ? | Germany | Heligoland | 115 m | |
| Dole transmission tower | 1958 | Switzerland | Dole | 112 m | |
| Swingate transmitter masts | ? | Great Britain | Swingate, Kent | 111 m | 3 towers |
| Słupsk TV tower | 1991 | Poland | Slupsk | ? | |
| Fleckendorf transmission tower | 1955 | Austria | Ansfelden | 110 m | |
| Transmission mast of the school for radio technology | ? | Germany | Nuremberg | 108 m | |
| Yokosuka radio tower | ? | Japan | Yokosuka | 106.7 m | tore off |
| Gubałówka transmission tower | ? | Poland | Zakopane | 102 m | |
| Central tower Deutsch-Altenburg | 1925 | Austria | German Altenburg | 100 m | tore off |
| Schöckl transmitter mast | 1956 | Austria | Schöckl | 100 m | |
| Gaisberg transmitter mast | 1956 | Austria | Gaisberg | 100 m | |
| Osmolin radio mast | ? | Poland | Osmoline | 100 m | |
| Torii Tower | 1972 | Germany | Gusborn | 97 m | Double tower |
| Medium wave transmitter Roumainville | 1934 | France | Romainville | ? | 2 towers |
| Solec Kujawski radio tower | ? | Poland | Solec Kujawski | ? | |
| Transmission mast Pfänder | 1958 | Austria | Pledges | 94.7 m | |
| Transmission masts of Santa Maria di Galeria | ? | Italy | Santa Maria di Galeria | 94 m | 4 transmission towers for medium wave, exclave of the Vatican |
| Grünten transmitter mast | 1951 | Germany | Grünten | 92 m | |
| Zwollerkerspel transmission tower | 1985 | Netherlands | Zwollerkerpsel | 90 m | |
| Transmitter masts from Sud Radio Pic Blanc | 1972 | Andorra | Pic Blanc | 86 m | 2 towers |
| Les Ordons transmission tower | ? | Switzerland | Les Ordons | 80 m | |
| Liesing transmitter | 2012 | Austria | Vienna | 80 m | |
| Konstantynow radio tower | ? | Poland | Konstantynov | 76 m | |
| Santa Palomba , reserve transmission tower | ? | Italy | Santa Palomba | 75 m | Support mast of a fish trap antenna for medium wave |
| Colmar transmission tower | ? | France | Colmar | 72 m | |
| Pohorje transmission tower | ? | Slovenia | Maribor | 72 m | additionally strained |
| Radio mast Bonhoure | ? | France | Toulouse | 72 m | |
| Ionoprobe Juliusruh | 1961 | Germany | Juliusruh | 70 m | |
| Engelskirchen transmission tower | 1992 | Germany | Engelskirchen | 70 m | |
| Brookmans Park transmitter | 1929 | Great Britain | Brookmans Park, Hertfordshire | 60.96 m | |
| Turners Hill transmitter mast | ? | Great Britain | Turners Hill, West Midland | ? | |
| Etzenricht radio tower | 1973 | Germany | Etzenricht | 55 m | |
| The Wrekin transmission tower | ? | Great Britain | The Wrekin, Shropshire | 52 m | |
| Beacon Hill transmission tower | ? | Great Britain | Beacon Hill, Devon | ? | |
| Patscherkofel transmitter mast | 1958 | Austria | Patscherkofel Mountain | 50 m | |
| Henley on Thames transmission mast | ? | Great Britain | Henley on Thames, Berkshire | 50 m | |
| Friolzheimer giant | ? | Germany | Friolzheim | 47 m |
Cable car supports
| tower | Construction year | country | place | height | Remarks |
| Pillar of the 3rd section of the Kaprun glacier lift | 1966 | Austria | Kaprun | 113.6 m | Highest cable car pillar in the world |
| Torre Jaume I | 1931 | Spain | Barcelona | 107 m | Cable car support with intermediate stop of the Barcelona port cable car |
| Gant – Hohtälli cable car | 1998 | Switzerland | Zermatt | 94 m | Highest cable car pillar in Switzerland |
| Eibsee cable car , pillar II | 1962 | Germany | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | 85 m | |
| Support of the 3S cable car | 2004 | Austria | Kitzbühel | 80 m | |
| Torre Sant Sebastia | 1931 | Spain | Barcelona | 78 m | Terminal stop of the Barcelona harbor cable car |
| Wendelstein cable car | 1970 | Germany | Episcopal corn | 75 m | |
| Sandia Peak Tramway , pillar 1 | 1965 | United States | Albuquerque | 70.7 m | crooked construction, inclined at 18 degrees |
| Eibsee cable car , pillar I. | 1962 | Germany | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | 65 m |
Sailing mast
In yacht building, there are attempts and projects, especially in the DIY scene, to construct light sailing masts with triangular tubular lattice masts . The experimental catamaran by Jacques Cousteau Moulin à vent was converted in 1994 from a Turbovoile (English: Turbosail ) to a folding aluminum lattice mast with two triangular sails.
See also
literature
- Use of maintenance-free lattice masts for wind turbines with large hub heights. Fraunhofer, accessed on November 18, 2015 .
- Dlubal Software: structural analysis software for towers and masts. dlubal.com, February 28, 2012, accessed January 19, 2018 .
- Michael Dzieia et al .: Electronics tables, operating and automation technology . Westermann, Braunschweig 2011, ISBN 978-3-14-245035-3 , pp. 177 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Rai Onde Medie, Firenze Terrarossa. mediasuk.org, accessed November 18, 2015 .
- ↑ MOULIN-A-VENT 75 ft CATAMARAN. In: Vessels. United States Marine Earth Science and Ocean Research Group (US Marine Group), accessed September 4, 2019 (English, no year).