GKK Etzenricht
The Etzenricht substation is a substation near Etzenricht in the Upper Palatinate . It was put into operation in 1970 and subsequently expanded and is part of the 380/220 kV Ostbayernring . Since 1992, the substation has been connected to the Czech extra-high voltage network via a two-circuit 380 kV three-phase connection. Since the Czech power grid was not synchronized with the Western European grid until 1995, a direct current short coupling was set up on the substation area.
history
The substation was put into operation in 1970 and subsequently expanded. In 2000, the then operator Bayernwerk merged with PreussenElektra to form the new energy supplier E.ON Energie , which transferred its transmission network to the Dutch company TenneT in 2010 (retroactively from 2009) . Since then, the property has been owned by this company.
Overhead lines
Destinations of the overhead lines |
All circuits leading away from the substation are designed as overhead lines . The following connections exist today:
| Network operator | tension | Power circle -No. |
Destination / station | Construction year | Cardinal direction |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 TenneT TSO |
220/380 kV | Redwitz | North | Ostbayernring | ||
| Schwandorf | south | Ostbayernring | ||||
| 400 kV | Hradec / Přeštice | east | ||||
 Bayernwerk |
110 kV | Weiherhammer ; Auerbach in the Upper Palatinate | northwest | |||
| Pastures | east |
Ostbayernring
The line was built between 1970 and 1975 with two 220 kV circuits, and in 1991 one circuit was converted to 380 kV. In the northern part between Redwitz and Etzenricht, 110 kV lines run in sections on an additional traverse on the same rod. In the summer of 2019, a mast was erected on the substation site as part of the replacement building.
High voltage line to the Czech Republic
The 380 kV line leading from the Etzenricht substation to the Czech Republic was built in 1992 by what was then Bayernwerk and commissioned on July 9, 1993 together with the direct current back-up link. The basis was a contract from the 1980s between Bayernwerk and the then Czechoslovak energy supplier CEZ , which provided for the construction of an approximately 163 km long 380 kV line from Etzenricht to the Hradec substation in North Bohemia . After the transmission network area was spun off from E.ON Netz in 2009 , the lines were transferred to the new owner TenneT TSO .
Although the line was initially only to be operated in a single circuit as far as Hradec, it was already connected to two circuits on the German side during construction in 1992 and on the Czech side up to a few kilometers beyond the state border near Stráž , of which the southern one was initially de-energized in front of the Etzenricht substation on Mast ended. The line has a maximum transmission capacity of 1639 megawatts. To protect against overvoltages , it is equipped with two earth cables over its entire length - both on the two-circuit and on the single-circuit line section in the Czech Republic - one of which is equipped with an overhead cable using fiber optic technology for transmitting messages. On the German side, four bundles of aluminum / steel conductor cables are used as conductor cables, the aluminum cross-section of each individual conductor being 340 mm² and the steel cross-section 30 mm². On the Czech side, bundles of three are used in which each sub-conductor has a cross-section of 450 mm² aluminum and 50 mm² steel.
It was not until 1997, just two years after the DC back-up link had ended, that the second circuit of the line was put into operation. Behind Stráž, this leads to the Přeštice substation . Initially, the line runs with a total of 14 (before the partial dismantling of the Etzenricht GKK in 1997 13) Danube masts largely parallel to the 110 kV Etzenricht – Weiden line, before the 110 kV line on an additional traverse after passing the Weiden substation Weiden – Vohenstrauss – Eslarn is also laid.
The westernmost mast in front of the confluence with the 380 kV switchgear in Etzenricht was only built after the GKK was shut down to lead the line past the converter hall - this extended the German line section by 180 meters to 33.8 kilometers.
From Weiden to Riedlhof there are a total of 60 masts with an additional 110 kV traverse. Together with the two 380 kV levels and the earth cables, these masts have a total of four cross members. This measure was necessary because, for environmental reasons, only one line could be approved, so that the circuits of these lines, which had already existed before 1992, had to be dismantled and placed on the masts of the line to the Czech Republic in the same route. In between there is a branch line to the 110/20 kV substation Vohenstrauss . The entire length of the line from Vohenstrauss to Eslarn was dimensioned for 110 kV when it was built, but initially only operated with 20 kV medium voltage due to the lack of a 110 kV substation in Eslarn. The 110/20 kV substation Eslarn was finally completed in 2014. Together with this, the line to the Czech Republic crosses the A 6 for the first time before the 110 kV line to Eslarn branches off at Riedlhof and continues on concrete pylons .
Behind Riedlhof, the line no longer has an additional cross beam. Shortly before reaching the state border with the Czech Republic after 15 Danube masts, it crosses the A 6 a second time and runs parallel to it to the Waidhaus / Rozvadov border crossing. The border is crossed directly north of the former border clearance and the line reaches the Czech Republic. Danube masts are also used on the Czech side, but they differ in design from their German counterparts and have a V-shaped earth cable traverse instead of a horizontal one. At Rozvadov, the Czech D 5 motorway , the continuation of the A 6, is crossed before, after another 31 km at Stráž u Tachova ( nearby ), the circuits change to two separate lines with delta masts .
The continuation to Hradec now leads in a north-easterly direction, crosses the D 5 a second time and after 97.5 km reaches the Hradec substation in northern Bohemia . It is noteworthy that the last section of this line on the area of the Hradec substation between the anchoring portal and the busbar is designed as an underground cable.
The continuation to Přeštice, built in 1997 and running further east, is installed on similar masts.
380 kV Etzenricht-Hradec line between Weiden and Etzenricht (right). On the left the 110 kV Etzenricht-Weiden line
Junction mast Vohenstrauss
Feeding of the 20 kV Vohenstrauss- Eslarn line into the lowest crossbeam (today 110 kV)
The line crosses the Bavarian- Czech state border at Waidhaus . The mast in the foreground is in Bavaria, the mast in the background is in the Czech Republic
GKK Etzenricht
The direct current short coupling (GKK) Etzenricht was an HVDC short coupling operated by the former Bayernwerk AG from 1993 to 1995 on the area of the substation to link the German and Czech power grids. It worked with an intermediate circuit voltage of 160 kV and had a maximum transmission capacity of 600 megawatts.
The two power converters are housed in a 13-meter-high hall with a floor space of 430 square meters, which was constructed using mixed in-situ and precast concrete. Each converter consists of 432 thyristors , which are housed in six thyristor towers arranged in a row . Each thyristor tower contains two valve functions and consists of eight thyristor modules arranged one above the other, which in turn contain nine thyristors connected in series, including auxiliary devices such as the saturation chokes necessary for current limitation. In parallel with each thyristor there is a series connection of a resistor with a capacitor, which limits the rise in current. This circuit also generates the energy for supplying the thyristor electronics, which, as it is under high voltage, is in a bidirectional connection with the control electronics, which are at ground potential, via glass fiber cables. A capacitor is connected in parallel with each thyristor module and a varistor is connected in parallel with each valve function. The thyristor used was the type U78 S346 S34 from Siemens with a maximum continuous current of 4,100 amperes , which was the most powerful thyristor in the world at the time the system was built.
At both ends of the hall there are three bays for accommodating the converter transformers, which are designed as single-phase units.
history
The foundation stone was laid on April 26, 1991. The shell construction was completed in September 1991 and commissioning began in May 1992. Until the completion of the line to Hradec on September 3, 1992, this could only be carried out in circular operation, i.e. between the busbars of the Etzenricht substation. Trial operation began on January 27, 1993. The official commissioning took place on July 9, 1993. The shutdown took place on October 18, 1995 after the German and Czech power grids were synchronized .
The synchronous connection increased the value of the power that can be transmitted via the Etzenricht – Hradec line from 600 MW to 1316 MW. The second 380 kV circuit to Přeštice, which was only put into operation after the synchronous connection on July 29, 1997, brought an additional transmission capacity of 1579 MW, so that today a maximum of 2895 MW can be exchanged with the Czech Republic via the Etzenricht substation.
After most of the external components were dismantled and stored on the station premises in 1997, the system was inoperable and inoperable on the premises until 2009. Only the transformers, the smoothing reactors and a filter circuit remained in their original place. Since the plant was shut down, it was planned to sell it to Eastern Europe in order to enable an exchange of energy between the Eastern European power grid and the power grid of the CIS countries. Since the power converter became increasingly obsolete and because a power converter system like GKK Etzenricht can now be realized much more easily with the help of photo thyristors , a corresponding trade never came about. In 2006 the system was sold to the IDPC company in Vienna, which originally wanted to market it in its entirety and later in individual parts. However, very few components could be sold. In spring 2009 all remaining components of the GKK Etzenricht were dismantled and scrapped. A large door was built into the former power converter hall.
Etzenricht substation
View of the system, on the right the mast over which the line to the Czech Republic runs today , on the left the converter hall , on the left the only remaining filter circuit
Power converter hall of the GKK Etzenricht. The transformer bays are cleared.
View of the converter hall
The only remaining filter circuit of the GKK Etzenricht
Smoothing chokes of the former GKK
Wall of the converter hall, where the smoothing reactors once stood. The door was installed later.
The transformer bays on the other side of the converter hall were also cleared
Directional radio tower
To the south of the station area on a hill there has been a 55 meter high directional radio tower since 1973, which is designed as a free-standing steel framework construction. It is used to transmit operating values and remote control commands in order to remotely control the Etzenricht substation that is not normally manned (the regular presence of personnel was not necessary to operate the Etzenricht GKK).
See also
literature
- Special print from the electricity industry (No. 4475), "DC short coupling Etzenricht current bridge between West and East".
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 1. Mast of the Ostbayernring built in the Etzenricht substation / Blog Ostbayernring - TenneT. TenneT, accessed March 22, 2020 .
- ↑ a b TenneT TSO: DC transmission and Ostbayernring? November 17, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2018 .
- ^ Walter Schossig: From the history of electricity . In: Association of German Engineers, District Association / State Representation of Thuringia (Ed.): Thuringian messages . No. 2 , 2002, p. 21 ( vdi.de [PDF]). From the history of electricity ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Walter Schossig: From the history of electricity . In: Association of German Engineers, District Association / State Representation of Thuringia (Ed.): Thuringian messages . No. 2 , 2007, p. 20 ( vdi.de [PDF]). From the history of electricity ( Memento of the original from March 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Power converter hall GKK Etzenricht . ( structurae.de ).
Coordinates: 49 ° 37 ′ 51.6 " N , 12 ° 6 ′ 56.3" E