Schwandorf

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Schwandorf
Schwandorf
Map of Germany, position of the city of Schwandorf highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 20 '  N , 12 ° 7'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Palatinate
County : Schwandorf
Height : 366 m above sea level NHN
Area : 123.78 km 2
Residents: 29,130 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 235 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 92421
Area code : 09431
License plate : SAD, BUL , NAB , NEN, OVI, ROD
Community key : 09 3 76 161
LOCODE : DE SCF
City structure: 61 districts

City administration address : 		Spitalgarten 1
92421 Schwandorf
Website : www.schwandorf.de
Lord Mayor : Andreas Feller ( CSU )
Location of the city of Schwandorf in the Schwandorf district
Altendorf Bodenwöhr Bruck in der Oberpfalz Burglengenfeld Dieterskirchen Fensterbach Gleiritsch Guteneck Maxhütte-Haidhof Nabburg Neukirchen-Balbini Neunburg vorm Wald Niedermurach Nittenau Oberviechtach Pfreimd Schmidgaden Schönsee Schwandorf Schwarzach Schwarzenfeld Schwarzhofen Stadlern Steinberg am See Stulln Teublitz Teunz Thanstein Trausnitz Wackersdorf Weiding Wernberg-Köblitz Winklarn Wolferlohe Bayern Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Landkreis Regensburg Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Cham Tschechien Landkreis Neustadt an der Waldnaabmap
About this picture
Upper market square with the tower of the parish church St. Jakob

Schwandorf is a large district town in the Schwandorf district of the same name in the Upper Palatinate administrative district in Bavaria .

geography

Schwandorf photographed from the air
Precipitation mean values ​​for Schwandorf for the period from 1961 to 1990

Geographical location

Schwandorf lies at the intersection of four depressions in the Schwandorfer Bay in the southern Upper Palatinate Forest . The Upper Palatinate Lake District borders on the urban area. The Naab runs through the city from north to south . There nature has created a wide plain in the Naab Valley, the edges of which form iron sandstone heights. The Kreuzberg rises from the plain like a green island. Once it was far from the city gates, today it is surrounded by the settlement.

City structure

In addition to the main town, the town of Schwandorf consists of the following 60 districts

history

Name interpretation

In the official city chronicle, Rainer Scharf takes the view that Suainicondorf can clearly be traced back to Slavic roots. The place name would therefore contain suhai (boy) and nica (mountain home, mountain village), which would mean Burschendorf. The thesis is supported that Schwandorf was archaeologically proven to be an immigration area of ​​the Slavs. There is hardly any doubt about the Slavic origin of the place name.

Albrecht Greule connects the place name with a personal name Sweinikko , in which he takes the old high German swein = shepherd, servant, boy as the root of the word. Schwandorf should be understood as a shepherd's village, at the beginning of which a bearer of the name Sweinikko or Sweinikka could have stood.

An eponymous reference to the margraves of Nordgau (Bavaria) , that of Schweinfurt, whose rulership also included the Naab Valley in the 10th century, was considered, but is unlikely. In the meantime, the theories that the toponym would be derived from swan or pig have been rejected.

History overview

Schwandorf was first mentioned in writing in 1006 AD in a document from the Sankt Emmeram monastery as Suainicondorf on the river Naba ( Naab ) in the area of ​​the diocese of Regensburg . Prehistoric finds, for example a fishhook from the Bronze Age or urn graves from the Urnfield Age (1200 to 800 BC) in the urban area, as well as research into the origin of the name of the city, suggest a very early, far-reaching settlement as certain. In 1234 AD, Schwandorf in the Upper Palatinate was the seat of a Wittelbach office, in 1286 the seat of a dean and, from an ecclesiastical point of view, one of the centers of the diocese of Regensburg in Nordgau . On January 5, 1299, the market town received an urban constitution, and from 1446 on, full town rights can be proven.

During the Landshut War of Succession , Schwandorf was almost completely destroyed in 1504. In the years 1555 to 1617 Schwandorf was evangelical-Lutheran for three generations due to the Augsburg Imperial and Religious Peace , which Ottheinrich von Wittelsbach , Count Palatine of Pfalz-Neuburg , had joined and belonged to the Principality of Pfalz-Neuburg until the Bavarian unification in 1777 . Despite the political peripheral location (border town), Schwandorf remained an economic center due to its location on an old trade and military route to Bohemia . Most of the city's structures that are still preserved today were built in the 16th century. The economic power increased after the railway line Nuremberg – Schwandorf – Regensburg was opened on December 12, 1859. Since 1863, with the opening of the railway line to Weiden in the Upper Palatinate , Schwandorf became an important railway junction.

In 1907 there were 6,985 citizens in Schwandorf. Of these, 6,618 were Catholic, 333 Protestant, 19 Israelite, 1 Mennonite and 14 of unknown faith.

In 1933, 29 people of Jewish origin lived in Schwandorf. Louis Waldmann committed suicide in the Charlottenhof district in 1939, and nine other Schwandorf residents were deported and murdered. There are 17 stumbling blocks for you in Schwandorf .

At the end of the Second World War , on April 5, 1945, the station was repeatedly attacked by low-flying planes. Eight US low-flying aircraft fired on a train in Schwandorf on April 10, 1945 at 1:45 p.m. On April 17, 1945, between 3:52 a.m. and 4:07 a.m., Canadian and British Royal Air Force bombers with 167 Lancasters and eight mosquitos bombed Schwandorf station. The bombardment with 633.3 tons of bombs also devastated the city center as far as the Kreuzberg district. 1250 people, including refugees and displaced persons and 495 residents in Schwandorf, died in this air raid. 514 houses were damaged and 674 completely destroyed. Before the attack, Schwandorf had 1,361 buildings. The station district was particularly hard hit, with countless travelers dying in the trains that were hit. Because of the largely destroyed railway line, a rail transport with around 1000 prisoners from the Flossenbürg concentration camp stopped on April 19 near Schwandorf. When a plane appeared, there was panic and some prisoners tried to flee. 41 prisoners were killed and 111 were able to flee. Two groups of 417 and 389 prisoners had to march southwards. A few days later on April 23, 1945, the first US units reached the city of Schwandorf. The city was then occupied by American troops of the 3rd Army on their advance to a demarcation line in West and South Bohemia agreed in the Potsdam Agreement , was under the American military government and reconstruction began. The reconstruction of Schwandorf continued for many years after this air raid.

The city of Schwandorf was a district from 1920 to 1972. In the course of an administrative reform, it was incorporated into the newly founded large district on July 1, 1972, received the seat of the district office and the name large district town .

On December 28, 1972, the name of the town of Schwandorf in Bavaria was officially changed to Schwandorf .

founding

The Naab in Schwandorf

The Naab may have been the cause of the city's foundation. Here in the shallow Schwandorf Bay, the river divides into three arms and it is so shallow that a comfortable ford through the water is possible. As early as Roman times , the Naab was an important trade route from south to north. The intersection of the road and the river was ideal for a settlement. A ship landing is documented as early as 1158 . Salt and iron were among the most important commodities.

With the help of salt, the Naab fish became a commodity. Numerous natural and artificial ponds were also managed. The abundance of fish and its management prompted the introduction of a fish master's office in the Nordgau, the first evidence of which is available from the 13th century.

Naabwehr in Schwandorf with the hospital church and the parish church of St. Jakob in the background

Carp , bream , tench , pikeperch , eel , catfish , barbels , noses , perch and pike can still be caught today. Once the crayfish were so numerous that they could be caught by hand and brought to market in wheelbarrows.

Mills powered by the water power of the Naab were another means of life.

Today only electricity is generated in the urban area with hydropower. Freight shipping has also long since ceased. Canoe and kayak have taken their place. The pond economy is still an economic factor, while river fishing is carried out by sports and fishing clubs.

The following brooks feed the Naab in the urban area: Fensterbach, Els, Rotha, Haselbach with Irlbach, Göggelbach, Blaue Entengraben and Martelgraben.

Lignite mining

From 1906 to 1982 the Bavarian Braunkohlen-Industrie AG (BBI) mined brown coal in the area of ​​the eastern municipalities of Wackersdorf and Steinberg am See and burned it in the Dachelhofen steam power station (now a district of Schwandorf). The power plant with its two chimneys each 235 meters high was blown up on February 18, 2005. The Upper Palatinate Lake District emerged from the charred opencast mines, the largest area of ​​water of which, Steinberger See , is the largest lake in the Upper Palatinate with an area of ​​almost two square kilometers.

garrison

Since 1956 there had been efforts to locate the Federal Border Guard . On May 8, 1958, the Federal Government gave its assurance that BGS accommodation would be set up. The topping-out ceremony was held in December. The move took place on February 18, 1960. During the Cold War , Schwandorf was the location of the Border Guard Department South 5 of the BGS. During the disputes about the WAA Wackersdorf in the second half of the 1980s, the BGS Schwandorf location was an important operations center and helicopter base for the security forces. After the restructuring of the BGS, Schwandorf remained the location of the Federal Police . Since December 19, 2008, there has been a joint center for the Federal Police and Customs as well as the Bavarian and Czech police . Since January 1, 2013, the Customs Administration of the Czech Republic (Customs Office of the Pilsen District) has also been located here.

Religions

  • Catholic parish offices
    • Parish office of St. Jakob, with St. Peter and Paul branch in Haselbach, seat of the dean
    • Parish of the Sacred Heart
    • Parish office to Our Lady of the Kreuzberg
    • Parish office of St. Paul
    • Parish office of St. Andreas in Fronberg
    • Pastoral care unit St. Josef in Dachelhofen and St. Martin in Neukirchen and St. Konrad in Ettmannsdorf
    • Pastoral care unit St. Georg in Klardorf and St. Peter and Paul in Wiefelsdorf
    • Parish office of St. Stefan in Wackersdorf , which protrudes into the urban area of ​​Schwandorf with the branch church of St. Johannes Baptist and Evangelist in Kronstetten.
    • Pastoral care unit Theuern-Ebermannsdorf with the parish of St. Nikolaus Pittersberg , which protrudes with the district of Kreith into the urban area of ​​Schwandorf.
  • Evangelical rectory
    • Evangelical Lutheran Parish Office, Church of the Redeemer
  • Evangelical Free Churches
    • Evangelical Free Church Schwandorf (Mennonites)
  • Other religious communities

Judaism in Schwandorf

Evidence of Jewish cultural life has existed since the second half of the 19th century. In 1871 there was one Jewish resident in Schwandorf, six in 1900, twenty-four in 1910, and twenty-six in 1925. In 1913 there were about 30 Jews in the parish of Schwandorf. The Schwandorf Jews were assigned to the Amberg Jewish community ; their dead were buried in Regensburg. The Amberg teacher and cantor Leopold Godlewsky looked after them until 1938.

From 1945 to 1950 there was a Jewish community in Schwandorf, to which 470 people belonged in 1946. Their prayer room was in the former Jewish department store Levi at Marktplatz 26. After the State of Israel was founded in 1948 , many of these Jews emigrated there, others also to the USA.

On April 23, 2013, 17 stumbling blocks were laid in memory of Schwandorf Jews who were humiliated, disenfranchised, expelled and murdered during the Nazi era .

  • Schwandorf, Marktplatz 26, former Levi department store, 1945 to 1950 prayer room of the Schwandorf Jewish community

  • Schwandorf, Dr.-Martin-Luther-Str. 2, stumbling blocks for the Bloch and Frommer families

  • Schwandorf, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 12, stumbling blocks for the Kohner and Karl families

  • Schwandorf, Friedrich-Ebert-Str. 13, stumbling blocks for the Friedmann family

  • Schwandorf, Höflinger Str. 2, stumbling blocks for the Waldmann family

Incorporations

Hasenbuckel north of Fronberg

In the independent city until 1972 Schwandorf in the wake of were municipal reform following municipalities incorporated:

  • By contract effective July 1, 1972
    • Ettmannsdorf community consisting of the districts Dachelberg, Egidienberg, Ettmannsdorf, Löllsanlage, Obersitzenhof and Sitzenhof
    • Fronberg municipality , consisting of the districts of Fronberg, Irlaching, Irrenlohe and Münchshöf
    • Haselbach community, consisting of the districts of Dauching, Haselbach, Irlbach, Matthiaszeche and Moserhütte ( In 1946, the Haselbach community received part of the dissolved community of Breitenbrunn. )
    • Municipality of Krondorf, consisting of the districts of Krondorf and Richt
    • Kronstetten municipality , consisting of the districts of Bössellohe, Charlottenhof, Freihöls, Holzhaus, Kronstetten, Lindenlohe and Prissath
    • the districts Höflarn, Nattermoos and Niederhof from the municipality of Alberndorf
  • By referendum on July 1, 1972
    • from the municipality of Pittersberg the districts Distlhof and Kreith
  • By government resolution on July 1, 1976
    • Community of Gögglbach with the districts of Gögglbach, Krainhof and Naabsiegenhofen
  • By government resolution on May 1, 1978
    • Municipality of Bubach an der Naab (officially: ad Naab) , consisting of the districts Auhof, Bubach, Doblergut, Kreuzbügerl, Strengleiten and Waltenhof.
    • Dachelhofen municipality, consisting of the districts Büchelkühn , Dachelhofen, Lange Meile and Neuwolferlohe
    • Municipality of Klardorf, consisting of the districts Klardorf, Oberweiherhaus , Stegen, Unterweiherhaus and Zielheim (The municipality of Zielheim received the new municipality name Klardorf on June 9, 1950.)
    • Municipality of Naabeck, consisting of the districts of Naabeck, Spielberg and Ziegelhütte (As early as April 1, 1970, the municipality of Wiefelsdorf, consisting of the districts of Altenried, Neuried, Strießendorf, Wiefelsdorf and Wöllmannsbach, joined the municipality of Naabeck.)
    • Neukirchen community, consisting of the districts Bügerlhof, Grain, Haarhof, Hartenricht, Kager, Krumbach, Krumlengenfeld, Neukirchen, Scheckenberg and Siegenthann
  • by joining on January 1, 1979
    • from the municipality of Büchheim the district of Kapflhof (1970 census: five inhabitants) .
Panorama of Schwandorf from the Schwammerling vantage point (left: blow tower, right: tower of the parish church St. Jakob)

Population development

Between 1988 and 2018, the city grew from 25,874 to 28,828 by 2,954 inhabitants or 11.4%.

Assassination attempt in 1988

As in the attacks by the German Action Groups , as well as in 1991 in Hünxe , 1992 in Mölln (three dead) and Rostock-Lichtenhagen , 1993 in Solingen (five dead), 1993 in Dolgenbrodt , 1996 in Lübeck (ten dead), 2015 in Nauen , 2016 in Bautzen , there were also in Schwandorf (1988, four dead) a xenophobic or racist motivated arson attack .

On the night of December 16-17, 1988, 19-year-old trainee Josef Saller, a member of the neo-Nazi organization Nationalist Front , set fire to the Habermeier house in downtown Schwandorf , where mainly Turks lived , for racist reasons . Four people lost their lives in the arson attack. The worker Osman Can (49), wife Fatma (43), son Mehmet (11) and the German acoustician Jürgen Hübener (47) burned or suffocated. On the daughter's house there was a sticker, a swastika and the inscription: “Turks out!” Twelve other residents escaped by jumping out of the window and injured themselves, some seriously.

In court the perpetrator said: “I hate foreigners.” He was sentenced to twelve and a half years imprisonment for particularly serious arson , the judges did not recognize a murder. In 2001 he was released and was celebrated as a martyr by the right-wing extremist scene nationwide .

In 2008 a plaque “In memory of the victims” and “To the living as a permanent reminder” was attached to the rebuilt Habermeier house. In 2009, the Schwandorf city council unanimously decided to hold an annual commemoration on December 17th. In 2016, a memorial stone financed by the Schwandorf Alliance against Right-Wing Extremism was erected.

politics

Official final result of city council election Schwandorf 2020
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
38.5%
7.5%
5.6%
8.8%
20.8%
10.2%
4.8%
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
+1.8  % p
+ 0.7  % p
-6.1  % p
+ 8.8  % p
-8.1  % p
+ 0.4  % p
-1.3  % p
Distribution of seats in the Schwandorf City Council (March 15, 2020)
       
A total of 30 seats

City council

Schwandorf town hall

After the local elections on March 15, 2020 , the seats in the city council will be distributed among the individual parties and lists as follows:

CSU GREEN FW AfD SPD UW ÖDP
12 2 2 3 7th 3 1

Lord Mayor

coat of arms

The coat of arms is divided: above a growing, red crowned lion on black, below a black boot awakened by silver and blue.

Except for the boot, the Schwandorf coat of arms is identical to that of the nearby town of Amberg . The coat of arms also resembles those of the cities of Bacharach , Albersweiler and Biebelnheim , all of which were created around the same time and presumably come from the same Palatine chancellery. The oldest known seal of the city of Schwandorf dates from 1552 and is in the Bay. Main state archive in Munich. The oldest coat of arms of the city of Amberg dates from around 1350 and is interpreted with the diamonds of the Counts of Bogen and a lion, which later became the Palatinate lion.

On January 5, 1299, Duke Rudolf I (Palatinate) (born 1274, regent 1294, died 1319) of the Wittelsbach family , known as Stammler and brother of the later king and emperor Ludwig IV the Bavarian , granted Schwandorf the same rights and obligations as he had given it to his beloved city of Amberg in 1294 . Since that time the town charter and the seal of both towns have apparently been the same.

Just like the name Schwandorf, the interpretation of the city's coat of arms gives rise to speculations and led to legendary interpretations of the city's history. Count Palatine Ruprecht is said to have gotten stuck in the marsh of the Naab during a deer hunt and lost his boot. When the residents of Schwandorf laughed at the missing trousers when he entered the city, the Count Palatinate is said to have bequeathed them the boot for their coat of arms. Other stories send the Count Palatine on a hunt for bathing girls in the Naab, where he lost his boot again and this was subsequently included in the Schwandorf coat of arms as a reminder of the event.

Town twinning

Sponsored cities

Institutions

Economy and Infrastructure

The Postgartenstrasse in Schwandorf towards the city center

Schwandorf is the most important retail center in the district of the same name. There are around 13,350 employees subject to social security contributions in the city . Thereof:

  • around 19 percent in the retail, hospitality and transport sectors
  • around 53 percent in the service sector
  • around 27 percent manufacturing industry

The commuter balance is positive. The number of in-commuters exceeds the number of out-commuters by around 2,300.

The MEILLERGHP GmbH was Schwandorfs largest employer with about 1,200 employees. The former subsidiary of the Austrian Post was one of the largest direct marketing companies in Europe. As part of the sale in 2015 to the Paragon Group based in Dublin , Ireland , the company has been operating under the new company name Paragon Customer Communications Schwandorf GmbH since May 1, 2018. In the area of ​​the manufacturing industry, the manufacturing industry is an important economic factor. The most important employers are to be found here, particularly in the printing industry and in the automotive industry. The Nabaltec AG, a chemical company, is headquartered in Schwandorf.

Schwandorf is the seat of Schmack Biogas GmbH, which plans , builds and operates biogas plants . On July 14, 2008, the company put the largest European biogas plant into operation in Schwandorf.

traffic

Road traffic

The Oberpfälzer Wald motorway junction (A 6 / A 93) in the northern district of Schwandorf (2011)
Schwandorf Airfield (2012)
A city bus on line 102 / b in Güterhallenstrasse near the train station
The station square in Schwandorf

Rail transport

The following routes converge at Schwandorf station :

Railway line Munich-Prague with a stop in Schwandorf, operated by ALEX

air traffic

The airfield Schwandorf has a 860 x 30 m wide grass runway.

Holiday route

media

  • Radio Charivari , private radio broadcaster for the Eastern Bavaria region. Frequencies for Schwandorf: 98.8 and 105.9 MHz.
  • gong fm , private radio broadcaster for the Regensburg region. Frequency for Schwandorf: 97.3 MHz.
  • Local editorial office The new day
  • Local editorial office of the Mittelbayerische Zeitung
  • Local editorial weekly newspaper

Culture and sights

Museums

  • city ​​Museum
In the folklore-oriented museum, objects relating to the history and culture of the city and its Upper Palatinate surroundings are kept. It is part of the North Bavarian Industriestrasse .
It contains a collection of paintings, graphics and sculptures, preferably by artists from Upper Palatinate.

Buildings

Felsenkeller in Schwandorf
Hardly any other building in the city contributed so much to its economic prosperity well into the late 19th century as the rock cellars built deep in the iron sandstone of the wood and vineyard . More than 130 basement rooms are laid out in Schwandorfer Berg. In 1999 these important monuments were renovated and made accessible to the public.

Profane structures

the blow tower in Schwandorf, after its renovation in 2018
The blow tower in a picture by Carl Spitzweg
Wendelinplatz
The Schlesierplatz
  • Market square with carillon and monk's fountain
From 1347 the barren and open area between the original settlement and the fortress developed into the center of the city. The citizens gradually built their houses around the triangular shape of the square, which was already designed at that time. The settlement was completed around 1380. From 1447 the town hall, which was demolished in 1808, stood in the middle of the square. In its place has been a carillon in honor of Konrad Max Kunz since 1990 . The Mönchsbrunnen, inaugurated in 1982, is a present from a former citizen to his hometown on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
In 1508 a new nursing home was built on the ruins. The ruins are the remains of the Schwandorf castle complex, which was designated a castle in 1410 and burned down in 1504. The names of the nurses in Schwandorf have been documented by name since 1300. In 1663 the nursing office was inherited from the Barons of Quentel. These carried out the office until the administrative reform in 1799. In 1857 the building came into the possession of the city and served various purposes, including as a school building and from 1922 to 2003 as a town hall. After a thorough renovation, the building was handed over to its new purpose as the seat of the adult education center and tourist information center on September 28, 2012.
The tower was completed before 1494 and stands at the highest point of the former 1.3 kilometer long city wall. The mighty tower served as a lug into the land and as an official residence for the tower keeper. Today the tower houses a small museum, which is supposed to commemorate the tower life and in particular the composer of the Bavarian hymn , Konrad Max Kunz . Carl Spitzweg also used the blow tower as a motif.
  • Rectory
The rectory was built on the Gothic foundation walls of a previous building in 1491. At that time the building was single-story with a three-story stepped gable. The renovations in 1569 and 1670 gave the building its present-day character. Since the restoration in 1991, the property has served as the St. Jakob kindergarten.
  • Gasthof zur Post
When the building was erected has not yet been determined. According to the documents, the stone-built property survived the fire of August 14, 1504 almost unscathed. The White Swan Taferne was set up there before 1620 . A post office had been known there since 1635, although it was not until 1742 that post holder rights were formally granted. Famous personalities, including Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Carl Spitzweg, stopped there.
  • Dyer's house
The roof structure of the house dates back to 1559. The house was made of sandstone blocks and broken sandstone from the sandstone deposits on the vineyard. The interior is dominated by a stone smoke chamber with an open fireplace, unique in the entire Upper Palatinate, on the first floor.
  • Hierlhaus
The building dates from 1577. Inside, a sandstone spiral staircase winds from the ground floor to the top floor. Only a few such stairs have survived in the Upper Palatinate.
  • Hospital Church
The church, which was rebuilt in 1657 near the former Amberg city gate, is related to the hospital foundation founded on February 10, 1443 by Count Palatine Johann (Pfalz-Neumarkt) near Rhine on his deathbed. In 1994 the Spitalstiftung moved into its newly built building on Bahnhofstrasse. From 1999 to 2003, the previous hospital building was converted into the city's new town hall. The church was profaned on June 12, 2001 and then completely renovated. Today it is available as an event room.
  • city ​​Museum
The owners of this "Freihaus" have been known since 1584. The Marien-Apotheke was located there from 1834 to 1845. In 1862 the magistrate moved into the house. The museum opened its doors on May 22, 1963. From 1986 to 1989 the building was completely renovated and the museum inventory was reorganized.
  • Bengler house
The house from the middle of the 16th century, with its stepped gable and bay window, is a defining building on the market square. The east gable with its half-timbered structure is a specialty. In June 2016, the owners received the Bavarian Monument Protection Medal for the exemplary renovation.
The lord of the castle of Fronberg built the castle in 1873 and named it after the first name of his wife Charlotte von Künsberg Freifrau von Fronberg, a born Countess of Schönborn-Buchheim and divorced Countess of Arco-Valley . In 1895 the building was rebuilt in today's style. In 1989 the Niederbayern-Oberpfalz Chamber of Crafts acquired it and operates a management and technology center there.
  • Administration building for the waste disposal association Schwandorf
The new building, completed in May 2008, is the realization of a “built landscape” proposal. The internationally active architect Bernd Lederle from the archimedialab office in Stuttgart / Shanghai designed an impressive and striking structure.

Churches

Parish Church of St. Jacob
Monastery church on the Kreuzberg
Anti- WAA motif panel in the monastery church
Construction was completed in 1400. The new parish church was built in the middle of the cemetery right next to the previous presumed castle chapel of St. Anna. In 1470 St. Jakob had to be expanded and since 1486 the keep of the castle complex has been used as a church tower. The second church expansion took place from 1866 to 1873 to its present size. After several interior redesigns, various stylistic elements are now recognizable.
From 1678 to 1680, the town's citizens built a chapel on the Kreuzberg. A pilgrimage quickly developed to the image of Mary (a replica of the miraculous image of Mariahilf by Lucas Cranach the Elder in St. Jakob in Innsbruck ). The chapel had to be enlarged between 1697 and 1699. A second expansion was completed in 1784. This now baroque church was almost completely destroyed in a bomb attack in 1945. The image of grace remained intact. From 1949 to 1952 the reconstruction took place in a modern style.
  • Evangelical Church of the Redeemer
After years of "wandering" in private and public buildings, the Protestant parish was able to lay the foundation stone for its own church in 1872. It was built in several stages and it was not until 1889 that the construction was completed with the roof turret as a bell tower. In 1945 the church was completely destroyed with two others in the city and in 1949 the foundation stone for today's church was laid in the same place. Gustav Gsaenger was the architect responsible for the construction . The rapidly growing parish already required an expansion in 1962. The 30 meter high tower now gives the station district its defining accent. After Easter 2009 a fundamental renovation of the church began, which was completed on Pentecost, May 24th 2010, with the inauguration ceremony.
  • Catholic branch church St. Johannes Baptist and Evangelist in Kronstetten
The old fortified church is dated to the 13th century. The center of the altar is a statue of the Mother of God with a child on a crescent moon. The figure is modeled on the Mother of Grace von Altötting . A pilgrimage to this statue was formed in the 17th century.
  • Catholic branch church St. Salvator in Naabsiegenhofen
The structural features point to an emergence in the 12th century. The local nobility built the church, which probably belonged to a long-demolished castle. The structure stands defensive on a steep slope. The church, which is only 120 square meters in size, is still originally preserved.
  • Catholic parish church St. Peter and Paul in Wiefelsdorf
In a document from Pope Lucius III. on April 30, 1183, ownership of the church was confirmed to the cathedral chapter in Regensburg. Although written evidence was handed down at such a late date, the church in Wiefelsdorf is said to have existed as an original parish as early as 800 . The main parts of the church building can be traced back to the Romanesque construction period. In the years 1444/45 a thorough renovation took place. In 1748 the church was enlarged and furnished in the Baroque style. Since the interior renovation in 1996, the church has shown its full baroque splendor again. The late Gothic statue of the Virgin Mary is a magnet for many pilgrimages. Today the neat church is often used as a wedding church.

Parks

The Pesserlstrasse with the Adenauer Bridge and the Kreuzberg in the background
The Adenauer Bridge seen from Wendelin-Platz
  • Allee to Kreuzberg - Fichtlanlage
The avenue was planted as early as 1859. Today it also includes a circular route around the Kreuzberg with the Path of Inspiration, three playgrounds, a fountain and a contained spring at the foot of the Kreuzberg. There are two monuments in the park that commemorate the fallen soldiers of the two world wars. 14 stations of the cross lead up the mountain to the pilgrimage church.
  • Mushroom
In 1910 the city laid out the park. In 1926 an association built a wooden mushroom as a lookout point with a view of the Naab valley.
  • city ​​Park
In the course of the renovation of the old town in 1986, the park was created on a Naabinsel, the so-called Hubmannwöhrl.
  • Castle Park
It is located near Fronberg Castle in the Fronberg district. There are several monuments and trees, some of which are 300 years old, in the park. The park is privately owned and not open to the public. It can, however, be visited with guided tours (to be booked through the adult education center) or at palace concerts.
  • Park at the Kebbel Villa
After the renovation of the building in 1988, the park of the villa was opened to the public.
  • Naabauen
From the district of Krondorf to Ettmannsdorf at the mouth of the Haselbach there is a several kilometer long bike and walking path along the banks of the Naab. There are three playgrounds and football fields along the way.

Protected areas

The 830 hectare area is the second largest nature reserve in the Upper Palatinate . Rare plants and a rich fauna can be explored. The city administration offers guided tours for this.

Regular events

The marketplace
  • Weekly farmers' market on Friday (market square)
  • Weekly Viktualienmarkt on Saturday (market square)
  • Music at market time, every Saturday in summer at 12.05 p.m. (St. Jakob parish church)
  • Dreikönig-Markt, Sunday after January 6th (market square)
  • May market, 1st Sunday in May, shopping Sunday (entire city)
  • Corpus Christi market, Sunday after Corpus Christi (market square)
  • Jakobi market, Sunday after July 25th, shopping Sunday (entire city)
  • Autumn market, last Sunday in October, shopping Sunday, so-called mantle Sunday (entire city)
  • Christmas market in Advent (market square)
  • Pentecost festival (Krondorfer Anger)
  • Citizens' festival every two years in July, next 2021 (entire old town)
  • Wendelin Festival every two years in July, next in 2020 (Wendelinplatz)
  • Blowing on the Christkindl, December 24th at 5 p.m. (Marktplatz)

Future major events

  • Culture City Bavaria - Bohemia 2020
  • Cultural festival of the Upper Palatinate - Bavarian North Gauge Day

Culinary specialties

  • Konrad-Max-Kunz praline
  • Konrad Max Kunz Wheat

Education and Research

Elementary schools

  • Gerhardinger elementary school
  • Linden school
  • Ettmannsdorf primary school
  • Fronberg primary school
  • Klardorf-Bubach primary school
  • Private Elementary School Döpfer

Elementary and middle schools

  • Kreuzberg School

Middle school

  • Middle School Dachelhofen

Realschulen

  • Girls secondary school St. Josef
  • Konrad-Max-Kunz-Realschule

High schools

  • Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Gymnasium
  • State technical college and vocational college

More schools

  • Oskar-von-Miller vocational school center, state vocational school
  • Special educational support center Schwandorf
  • Vocational school for special needs education, House of the Good Shepherd
  • Vocational school for nursing in the St. Barbara Hospital
  • Vocational school for geriatric care and geriatric care assistance, Peter Hiebl gGmbH
  • professional training center of the Bay. Wirtschaft (bfz) gGmbH
  • Kolping-Bildungswerk, promotion of vocational training
  • Catholic adult education in the district of Schwandorf e. V.
  • Schwandorf Music School
  • Adult Education Center Schwandorf
  • Private vocational schools for physiotherapy, occupational therapy, geriatric care of Döpfer Schulen GmbH
  • Private specialist academy for social pedagogy of the Döpfer Schools GmbH

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Christoph Höflinger (1795–1873), priest, founder
  • Christian Augustin (1797–1877), entrepreneur, founder
  • Johann Höfler (1830–1900), teacher
  • Michael Luber (1847-1921), teacher
  • Josef Kederer (1833–1905), Cathedral Chapter
  • Josef Past (1815–1893), priest, founder
  • Josef Obelt (1840–1917), teacher
  • Georg Eisenhart (1844–1922), entrepreneur
  • Andreas Kebbel (1842–1922), entrepreneur
  • Christian Augsburger (1859–1925), entrepreneur
  • Julius Braun (1858–1935), entrepreneur
  • Josef Bendl (1843–1928), Father
  • Friedrich-Walter Böttcher (1871–1945), entrepreneur
  • Franz Xaver Fichtl (1858–1948), teacher
  • Eduard Moosburger (1867–1939), parish clerk in Dachelhofen
  • Adolf Brückl (1885–1966), Director of Studies
  • Ludwig Spießl (1906–1996), Dean
  • Gotthard Dimpfl (1909–1994), Dean
  • Georg Ruhland (1909–1982), priest
  • Hans Hilbert (1895–1972), teacher
  • Ludwig Hofbauer (1880–1957), veterinarian
  • Hans Rösch (1902–1976), Bayernwerk director
  • Alois Wild (1883–1972), Dean
  • Heinrich Engelhardt (1885–1978), city architect
  • Rudolf Danhardt (1901–1990), entrepreneur
  • Xaver Detter (1905–1969), Mayor of Klardorf
  • Walter Haschke (1913–1989), District Administrator (CSU)
  • Josef Hiltl (1889–1979), auxiliary bishop
  • Johann Diller (1898–1985), Mayor Haselbach
  • Sebastian Auhofer (1902–1976), lawyer, politician (CSU)
  • Georg Klitta (1907–1988), director of studies, historian
  • Joseph Rappel (1900–1984), teacher, historian
  • Franz Sackmann (1920–2011), politician (CSU)
  • Franz Sichler (1909–1985), member of the state parliament (SPD)
  • Johann Feuerer (1923–1997), Mayor of Bubach
  • Georg Feldmeier (1923–1996), Mayor of Dachelhofen
  • Josef Pichl (1914–1996), Lord Mayor, (CSU)
  • Hans Kraus (1939–2008), Lord Mayor, (CSU)
  • Hans Schuierer (* 1931), District Administrator (SPD)
  • Helmut Hey (* 1951), Lord Mayor (SPD)
  • Michael Kaplitz (born June 29, 1946), lawyer, politician (CSU)
  • Josef Zilch (born May 29, 1928), conductor, composer.
  • Franz Sichler (* 1928), senior director of studies, politician (SPD), historian

Paul von Hindenburg , Adolf Hitler and the interim Minister of the Interior Adolf Wagner were revoked on February 23, 1948, the honorary citizenship rights granted during the Nazi era .

sons and daughters of the town

People connected to the city

  • Hans Krafft von Vestenberg († August 19, 1564 in Schwandorf, buried in the parish church of St. Jakob) was the Palatine district judge and caretaker in Burglengenfeld and after the state bankruptcy of the Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg on February 3, 1544, he was chairman of the landscape on August 20 1544 to August 15, 1552 the highest representative of the state.
  • Baron Goswin von Spiering (* 1585; † April 2, 1638 in Neuburg an der Donau) He was awarded the Fronberg Castle in 1623 and he was governor of the Principality of Palatinate-Neuburg .
  • Oskar Miller , von Miller from 1875 (* May 7, 1855 in Munich ; † April 9, 1934 there) was a German civil engineer. He became known as a hydropower pioneer and founder of the Deutsches Museum . In 1895 he bought the hammer mill in today's Ettmannsdorf district and set up an electricity plant there. In March 1927 he started an internationally significant experiment here. Daring housewives began “electric cooking” under his guidance. A year later, 65 electric kitchens were already in operation. By September 1929 their number had risen to 160.
  • Max Ringholz (* 1908 Tirschenreuth) City Councilor, recipient of the Federal Cross of Merit on Ribbon, awarded in 1958
  • Randolph Freiherr von Breidbach-Bürresheim (born August 10, 1912 in Bonn; † June 13, 1945 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp) was a lawyer and belonged to the group of German resistance from July 20, 1944. His parents owned the Fronberg Castle. He spent his youth there.
  • Franz Sackmann (born December 17, 1920 in Kaiserslautern, † October 14, 2011 in Roding) was a German politician. He was a member of the Bavarian State Parliament, District Administrator of the Roding District and State Secretary in the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs. He was also a founding member of the CSU. Since 1977 honorary citizen of the city of Schwandorf.
  • Ferenc Sidó [ˈfɛrɛnʦ ˈʃidoː] (born April 18, 1923, † February 6, 1998 in Budapest) was a Hungarian table tennis player. He was the individual world champion in 1953. He was twice world champion in doubles, four times in mixed and four times with the Hungarian team. In 1960 he won the European Championship in singles. He was an active player at TTF Schwandorf.
  • Pope emeritus Benedict XVI. (Born April 16, 1927) has been an honorary member of the Josefi-Verein Schwandorf, founded in 1874, since March 19, 2006. The certificate of honor was presented on March 29, 2006 by chairman Josef Andree and treasurer Josef Heisler at an audience in Rome.
  • Pierre Brice (born February 6, 1929 in Brest, France, † June 6, 2015 in Paris), Winnetou actor, was married to Hella Krekel, who was born in Schwandorf.
  • Hansjörg Wagner (born August 3, 1930 in Berlin; † May 14, 2013 in Munich) was a German draftsman, painter and sculptor. He designed the bull at the animal breeding center in Schwandorf.
  • Walter Odersky (born July 17, 1931 in Neustadt / Upper Silesia) was President of the Federal Court of Justice from 1988 to 1996 ; he spent his youth in Schwandorf.
  • Ingomar Grünauer (born August 11, 1938 in Melk) is a contemporary Austrian composer. From 1968 to 1982 he was a teacher at primary and secondary schools in Schwandorf.
  • Willy Meyer (born March 17, 1937 in Amberg ; † June 10, 2017) was a German soccer player who played in the first German-German elimination game before the qualifying games for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome on September 16, 1959 in Walter-Ulbricht, Berlin Stadium , played in the German national soccer team of amateurs against the national soccer team of the GDR . He played soccer in Schwandorf.
  • Heiner Riepl (* 1948), painter and graphic artist, headed the Künstlerhaus Oberpfalz in the Kebbel Villa from 1988 to 2013.
  • Peter Bauer (born March 10, 1949 in Schönwald / Upper Franconia) is a German local and state politician (free voters). He spent his youth in Schwandorf.
  • Franz Schindler (born January 13, 1956 in Teublitz ) is a Bavarian lawyer and member of the state parliament of the SPD . He lives in Schwandorf and is a member of the city council.
  • Florian Thalhofer (* 1972 in Burglengenfeld) is a German documentary filmmaker and media artist. His parents live in Schwandorf. He spent his youth here.
  • Anna Maria Sturm (* 1982 in Regensburg) is an actress and from 2011 she can be seen as an investigator in the Police Call 110 episodes of the Bavarian Broadcasting Corporation. She grew up in Schwandorf.
  • Oliver Fink (born June 6, 1982 in Hirschau ) is a German football player and played for 1. FC Schwandorf.
  • Christian Huber (Author) "Pokerbeats" (* 1984 in Regensburg) is a German author, composer and music producer.

literature

  • Georg Klitta : The finale of the Second World War in Schwandorf. 1970, DNB 577236644 .
  • Joseph Pesserl: Chronicle and topography of Schwandorf. In: Negotiations of the historical association for Upper Palatinate and Regensburg. 1865. (Reprint: 1989, ISBN 3-923006-78-0 )
  • Alois Schmid : Schwandorf. The long way from the village to the city. Lecture at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich on July 22, 2006 on the occasion of the city's 1000th anniversary.
  • Franz Sichler, Wolfsteiner (arrangement): Famous Schwandorf personalities, accompanying document for the exhibition in the anniversary year 2006.
  • Ludwig Weingärtner in cooperation with the municipal building authority: Schwandorfer Kulturleitsystem. September 2006.
  • Alfred Wolfsteiner: Schwandorf in the hail of bombs (with archive images). Sutton Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-89702-803-4 .
  • City of Schwandorf (ed.): Schwandorf in the past and present. City chronicle in 2 volumes, Schwandorf 2001.
  • Alfred Wolfsteiner: Schwandorf 1000 years of history on the Naab. 2006, DNB 980609844 .
  • City address book Schwandorf. Edition 2007.
  • April 17, 1945 - Destruction of the city of Schwandorf. In: Günther Rambach: Hakenkreuz and Martinskirche - Fateful Years in the Upper Palatinate 1933–1959. Ensdorf 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-031635-7 .

Web links

Commons : Schwandorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Schwandorf  - travel guide
Wikisource: Schwandorff in the Topographia Bavariae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online - The portal to the history and culture of the Free State
  3. ↑ Reiner Scharf: The history of Schwandorf's rule from the beginning to the beginning of the 20th century. In: Stadt Schwandorf (Hrsg.): Schwandorf in past and present. Volume 1 Chronology, Schwandorf 2001.
  4. ^ "Sweinikko" from Schwandorf In: Mittelbayerische Zeitung. May 10, 2009.
  5. ↑ Pfarrarchiv St. Jakob act 701/40.
  6. ↑ Flossenbürg Concentration Camp. Peter Heigl, 1994, ISBN 3-921114-29-2 , p. 34.
  7. ↑ German Vogelsang: THEY ARE COMING! The last days of the war in the Upper Palatinate in 1945. Amberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-95587-008-9 , pp. 10, 11, 14.
  8. ↑ a b c d Federal Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 667-669 .
  9. ↑ a b c alemannia-judaica.de
  10. ^ Antonius von Henle (Ed.): Register of the Diocese of Regensburg. Verlag der Kanzlei des Bischöflichen Ordinariates Regensburg, 1916, p. 502.
  11. ↑ Mittelbayerische.de
  12. ^ A b c d e Wilhelm Volkert (Ed.): Handbook of the Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 438 .
  13. ^ The arson attack in Schwandorf ( Memento from October 6, 2002 in the Internet Archive ) - (Against forgetting - Alliance against the right)
  14. ↑ The only survivor breaks the silence - ( Mittelbayerische Zeitung of December 16, 2011)
  15. ↑ The victims of the attack will not be forgotten - ( Mittelbayerische Zeitung of December 10, 2009)
  16. ↑ Xenophobia: The Hushed Up Attack in Schwandorf - ( Augsburger Allgemeine, December 5, 2011)
  17. ↑ The Schwandorf Arson Attack - Forgotten? - ( Indymedia of August 23, 2007)
  18. ↑ Is the neo-Nazi attack going under "general oblivion"? - ( Mittelbayerische Zeitung from December 15, 2008)
  19. ↑ "Bridge over Intolerance" built - ( Mittelbayerische Zeitung of December 17, 2012)
    ↑ "Habermeier House" - Schwandorf commemorates the murder attack of 1988 - ( Schwandorfer Wochenblatt of December 14, 2012)
  20. ↑ A memorial against oblivion - a memorial stone commemorates the four people who were killed in an arson attack by a neo-Nazi in Schwandorf in 1988. - ( Mittelbayerische Zeitung from November 15, 2016)
  21. ↑ Official final result of the 2020 city council election
  22. ↑ a b c City partnerships and sponsorships - (City of Schwandorf)
  23. ↑ ff-schwandorf.de - accessed on February 1, 2014.
  24. ↑ thw-schwandorf.de - accessed on February 1, 2014.
  25. ↑ thw.de ( memento of February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) - accessed on February 1, 2014.
  26. ↑ a b kvschwandorf.brk.de - accessed on February 1, 2014.
  27. ↑ johanniter.de - accessed on March 29, 2014.
  28. ↑ caritas-schwandorf.de - accessed on March 27, 2015.
  29. ↑ Reinhold Willfurth: The blemish in the list of honorary citizens , Mittelbayerische Zeitung , September 19, 2014.