Hypall position

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The terms "hypallage" and "enallage" are ambiguous and are not used uniformly. The meanings should be compared with other sources (including duden.de). The enallage deserves its own article.
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The hypallage [ hypalaˈgeː, hyˈpalage ] (from Greek ὑπαλλαγή “confusion”) is a rhetorical figure that consists in the fact that the grammatical relationship of a word leads to another word than the content or semantic relationship. The relationships between words in a sentence are shifted, so the sentence is not to be taken literally.

In the simplest case, an attributive adjective is used instead of an attributive genitive.

The word hypallage is also used as a name for enallage and metonymy ; the definitions vary:

  • In the enallage [ ɛnʔalaˈgeː, ɛnˈʔalage ] (from Greek ἐναλλαγή “interchange”) the grammatical assignment of the attribute leads to a word or word component to which it does not belong in terms of content. Herder's Conversations-Lexicon (1854) describes the enallage as interchanging words in the same word class as heterosis and differentiates between words from different word classes as allöosis . Truig's German dictionary sees little difference between hypallage and enallage, not too precisely: There the enallage is defined as "shifting the relationship of words to one another", the hypallage as "changing the relationships between words, changing and interchanging parts of sentences".
  • Hypallage also occurs as synonymous with metonymy . The term hypallage for metonymy can be found, for example, in Cicero. In German the delimitation is clearer than in Latin, because the metonymy replaces certain words with words with related meanings, while the hypallage contains relationships to unintended words in a sentence.

Examples

Examples of incorrect assignment of an adjective

Other examples

  • Association of Founders for German Science (for Association of Founders for ... )
  • the slim Gothic architecture (for the Gothic art of building slim buildings )
  • I invite you to celebrate my birthday on April 1st (for I invite you to celebrate my birthday on April 1st ; the birthday takes place on April 1st, not the invitation)
  • best before ... (for best before at least ... )
  • Pretending to be false [...] facts (§ 263 StGB , for pretending non-existent facts as facts )
  • every first Sunday of the month (for the first Sunday of every month )
  • plastic surgeon (for surgeon plastic surgery makes )
  • standing ovation (for applause while standing )
  • He died of poisoned figs, which he especially liked to eat.
    (He liked to eat figs, not poisoned ones, of course.)

Related

  • good friends (for well-known people ), close relatives (for close relatives )
  • international experts (for experts from several countries ), international guests (for guests from abroad )
  • alleged murderer (for man who allegedly murdered )
  • The first two ... (for the first two ... )
  • Next year I want ... (for I want next year ... )
  • Every first Friday of the month ... (for On the first Friday of every month ... )
  • In Latin there is also - often in German not be imitated - shift of the diminutive ( diminutive ) from noun to the adjective, for example iuvenes barbatuli for "a little bearded young people" (Cicero Ad Att 1,14,5.).
Ambiguity due to correct and shifted word relation
  • Old monk rule: When your eyes see a woman, knock her down.
    (The word "she" relates syntactically to the subject of the sentence, i.e. the eyes, but according to the usual emphasis on the woman. )

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Hypallage  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Metonymy  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Enallage
  2. ↑ https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/lili/studium/faecher/latein/Tipps_und_Links/Dokumente/Stilmittel_klass.Lit._V2.pdf
  3. ↑ https://wortwuchs.net/stilmittel/enallage/
  4. ↑ Herders Conversations-Lexicon 1854
  5. ↑ https://educalingo.com/de/dic-de/hypallage
  6. ↑ https://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Hypallage
  7. ↑ Gerd Ueding, Bernd Steinbrink: Outline of the rhetoric. History - technology - method. 2nd Edition. Metzler, Stuttgart 1986, page 272. ISBN 3-476-00557-7 .
  8. ↑ Poster with pictures of all popes with short biographies, German version (the Italian version is fine), no year, bought in 1989, Verlag Memmo Caporilli, Rome, about Benedict XI. , died 1304