Benedict XI.
Benedict XI. ( baptized Bonifacio , as Dominican Niccolò di Boccasio , also Niccolò Boccasini or Nikolaus Boccasino ; * 1240 in Treviso , † July 7, 1304 in Perugia ) was Pope of the Catholic Church from October 22, 1303 until his death in 1304 .
Life
His father called himself Boccasius de Boccasinis , was an imperial notary public and came from an old noble family . His home in Treviso was a noble residence, but his property is said to have been very limited. A relative, Philippus Boccasini, was governor of Treviso around 1260 .
Bonifacio was born in Treviso in 1240. When he was five years old, his father died. His brother, a clergyman, took care of the boy's education. He also supported the widowed mother and sister Adelheid. Bonifacio entered the Dominican order at the age of 14 and was given the name of the order Nikolaus von Treviso . Nicholas was Magister General of the Dominicans from 1296 , Cardinal Bishop of Santa Sabina from 1298 to 1300 and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1300 .
As Pope, he tried to bring about a reconciliation with France , since the relationship between France and the Holy See had been severely affected by the bull " Unam Sanctam " of his predecessor Boniface VIII . Benedict was driven out of Rome by the party turmoil of Colonna and Orsini . That is why he mostly resided in Perugia .
Benedict XI. was after Innocent V the second Pope from the order of preachers. In the course of his pontificate he created two cardinals who were also Dominicans, namely Niccolò Alberti on December 18, 1303 and Walter Winterburn on February 19, 1304.
On July 7, 1304 he succumbed to dysentery in Perugia . He was buried there in the left transept of San Domenico . Clement XII. he beatified him in 1736 , his feast day is July 7th.
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Benedict XI. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 486.
- Vito Sibilio: Benedetto XI. Il papa tra Roma e Avignone (= Dissertationes historicae. Volume 30). Roma 2004. ( technical discussion )
- Georg Schwaiger : Benedict XI . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 1, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1980, ISBN 3-7608-8901-8 , Sp. 1860 f.
- Ingeborg Walter : Benedetto XI, beato. In: Massimo Bray (ed.): Enciclopedia dei Papi. Volume 2: Niccolò I, santo, Sisto IV. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2000 ( treccani.it ).
Web links
- BOCCASINI, OP, Niccolò. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed May 10, 2012.
- Warburg Institute: Illustrations Benedict XI on coins
Remarks
- ↑ a b Constitution of life B. Benedicti, Diß in the name of the Eilfften Roman Pope, Anvor PF Nicolai Bocassini von Traviso [...] , Augsburg 1740, p. 6 ff.
- ↑ AH Springer: Handbook of Art History. Stuttgart 1855, p. 365
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Boniface VIII |
Pope 1303-1304 |
Clemens V. |
| Stephan of Besançon |
Order general of the Dominicans 1296–1299 |
Albertus de Chiavari |
| Leonardo |
Bishop of Ostia 1300–1303 |
Niccolo II Alberti |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Benedict XI. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Boccasini, Bonifacio (maiden name); Nicholas of Treviso (religious name); Niccolò di Boccasio (Italian); Boccasini, Niccolò (Italian); Boccasini, Nicholas; Boccasino, Nicholas; Boccasini, Nicolai |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Pope (1303-1304) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1240 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Treviso |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 7, 1304 |
| Place of death | Perugia |