Colonna (noble family)

Coat of arms of the Princes Colonna

The Colonna are an important urban Roman noble family of the princely class, which belong to the papal nobility as well as to the European high nobility .

history

The Colonna descend from the Counts of Tusculum , who held power in the city of Rome in the 10th and 11th centuries and provided eight popes. Their progenitor was Margrave Alberich I of Spoleto (* before 889; † between 917 and 925). A Petrus de Columna (approx. 1078–1108) is mentioned in 1101 as the son (or grandson?) Of Gregory of Tusculum (probably Gregory II, † before 1064) and as the brother of a Gregory and a Tolomeo; however, the exact relationship has not been clarified. The name Colonna is derived from the town of Colonna on the Alban Hills , not far from Tusculum. Colonna and Palestrina were confiscated by Pope Paschal II , but returned by Honorius II to the aforementioned Petrus de Columna.

In the high and late Middle Ages, from the 11th to the 16th century, the Colonna exercised through its many castles and large estates, under which the city particularly Palestrina should be mentioned, and the great multitude of their clients a significant influence on the affairs of the Papal States and the papal elections .

In the battles between the emperor and the pope , they mostly sided with the Ghibellines . The fortified mausoleum of Augustus served them as a fort in the city of Rome (similar to the Popes the mausoleum of Hadrian, which was converted into Castel Sant'Angelo , or the Frangipani, the Colosseum and the Circus Maximus ). With the fall of the Commune of Rome in 1167, they were temporarily banned and the fortifications of the mausoleum castle razed. Since the pontificate of Hyacinto Bobo as Celestine III. (from 1191) the Colonna family fought bitterly against the Bobonen, especially the Orsini , as representatives of the Guelph Party , the Caetani and others, for the dominant position in Rome. In the 13th century, they built the remains of the Constantine Baths into a fortress.

In addition to Pope Martin V, many cardinals , generals , statesmen and scholars emerged from her family . The Colonna belong, next to the Borghese and their side line Aldobrandini as well as the families Barberini , Caetani , Chigi , Doria-Pamphilj , Lante della Rovere, Massimo , Odescalchi , Orsini , Pallavicini , Riario Sforza , Ruspoli and Torlonia to the most famous princely houses of the Roman-papal city High nobility as well as the Italian nobility .

Known family members

Worldly

Prospero Colonna (1452–1523), papal general

Stefano , Roman senator , born in the second half of the 13th century, fled from Pope Boniface VIII to France and in 1303 managed to capture him by French troops. Before Ludwig the Bavarian he had in 1327 as a supporter of Pope Johannes XXII. to seek refuge in Avignon . During the riots of the Cola di Rienzo , Colonna was at the head of the aristocracy at war with them and lost his life in these battles.

Sciarra († 1329), brother of Stefano, commander of Palestrina under Boniface VIII, escaped, besieged by this, wasseizedby pirates near Anzio and forged to the rowing bench. Bought ransomin Marseilles , he returned with his brother Stefano and the Frenchman Wilhelm von Nogaret in 1303, bribed the city of Anagni and took Boniface prisoner. In 1327 he opened the gates of the capital to King Ludwig the Bavarian and presented the latter withthe imperial crownin St. Peter's Basilica on January 17, 1328, which is why he was allowed to wear a golden crown over the silver column of his coat of arms. An attempt to John XXII. to dethrone failed; Colonna died in exile.

Prospero , papal general (1452–1523), the most famous of his line, fought for Charles VIII of France on his invasion of Italy in 1495, but then joined the Spanish and helped the Spanish general Gonsalvo de Cordova out of the French Drive Italy out. In the following Italian wars, the victory at Vicenza and the invasion of the Swiss in Piedmont were his work. Captured by the French in 1515, he broke up with 350 pounds of gold, then commanded the entire army of the Allies and wrested Italy from the French. He defeated the new French army under Odet de Foix in the battle of Bicocca on April 27, 1522 and ended the campaign by taking Cremona and Genoa . Colonna died on December 30, 1523. Italy honored him with the surname Paganorum defensor et italicae gentis pater .

Vittoria (1492–1547), poet, wife of Fernando Francesco d'Avalos di Pescara , friendship with Michelangelo

Marcantonio (1535–1584), admiral, victor of the battle of Lepanto

Spiritually

Oddo Colonna (1368–1431), since 1417 Pope Martin V.

Giovanni († January 28, 1245) became cardinal in 1206 by Pope Innocent III.

Giacomo († August 14, 1318) became cardinal in 1278 by Nicholas III.

Pietro († 1326) became cardinal in 1288 by Pope Nicholas IV.

Giovanni († July 3, 1348) was cardinal by John XXII in 1327 .

Stefano († 1378 or 1379) became cardinal in 1378 by Pope Urban VI.

Agapito († October 3, 1380) became cardinal in 1378 by Pope Urban VI. , was Bishop of Ascoli Piceno , Brescia and Lisbon .

Oddo (* 1368, † February 20, 1431) was elected in 1417 to the Pope, ordained a priest and bishop only subsequently, and took the name Pope Martin V on. His election at the Council of Constance ended the Great Western Schism . He was considered a patron of the arts and increasedthe power of his familythrough nepotism .

Prospero the Elder († March 24, 1463) becamecardinalin 1426 through his uncle Martin V.

Pompeo (1479-1532), cardinal

Giovanni IV († September 26, 1508) became cardinal in 1480 by Sixtus IV.

Marcantonio the Elder (* 1523; † March 14, 1597) was defeated in the conclave of 1590 by Cardinal Niccolo Sfondrati, who assumed the Pope's name Gregory XIV .

Carlo (born November 17, 1665 - † July 8, 1739) was made cardinal in 1706 by Pope Clement XI.

Prospero (1662-1743), cardinal

Marcantonio Colonna (1724-1793), cardinal

The Lords of Colonna

Colonna in Lazio

Pietro Colonna (1078–1108), Lord of Colonna , Monteporzio , Zagarolo and Gallicano
Piero Colonna († after 1116), his son, Lord of Colonna, Monteporzio, Zagarolo, Gallicano and Palestrina
Oddone Colonna († after 1151), his son, Lord of Colonna, Monteporzio, Zagarolo, Gallicano and Palestrina
Giordano Colonna († after 1188), his son, Lord of Colonna, Monteporzio, Zagarolo, Gallicano and Palestrina
Oddone Colonna († after 1280), his son, Lord of Colonna, Monteporzio, Zagarolo, Gallicano and Palestrina, Roman senator
Giovanni Colonna († 1293), his son, Lord of Colonna, Monteporzio, Zagarolo, Gallicano and Palestrina, Roman senator
Agapito Colonna († around 1300), his son, Lord of Colonna, Monteporzio, Zagarolo, Gallicano and Palestrina, 1293 Roman Senator - his descendants: the Dukes of Paliano and the Dukes of Zagarolo (see below)
Stefano Colonna the Elder († around 1349), his brother, Lord of Palestrina, Roman Senator - his descendants: the Dukes of Palestrina (see below)

Dukes of Paliano

Palazzo Colonna in Rome

Courtyard of the Palazzo Colonna with an ancient column (Colonna) as heraldic symbol

Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna († 1423) Lord of Paliano etc.
Antonio Colonna († 1471), his son, Lord of Paliano etc.
- Pietro Antonio Colonna, his son
Marcantonio I. Colonna (1478–1522), his son, Lord of Paliano etc., 1508 Conte di Ceccano e Pofi
- Prospero Colonna (1452–1523), son of Antonio Colonna, 1st Duca di Traetto
Vespasiano Colonna (around 1480–1528), his son, 2nd Duca di Traetto, Lord of Paliano (his daughter inherits Traetto)
- Odoardo Colonna († 1485), 1459 1st Duca di Marsi
Fabrizio I. Colonna (1460–1520), his younger son, 1519 1st Duca di Paliano, Marchese di Manopello, 1497 Conte di Tagliacozzo , 1512 Grand Konnetabel of Naples
Ascanio I. Colonna († 1557), his son, 2nd Duca di Paliano,
Marcantonio II. Colonna (1535–1585), his son, 3rd Duca di Paliano, 1569 Duca di Tagliacozzo, 1577–1584 Viceroy of Sicily
Fabrizio Colonna (1557–1580), his son, 1569 hereditary prince of Paliano
Marcantonio III. Colonna (1575–1595), his son, 4th Duca e Principe di Colonna 2nd Duca di Tagliacozzo
Marcantonio IV. Colonna (1595–1611), his son, 5th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 3rd Duca di Tagliacozzo
Filippo I. Colonna (1578–1639), his uncle, 6th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 4th Duca di Tagliacozzo
Girolamo Colonna (1604–1666), his son, 7th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 5th Duca di Tagliacozzo, Archbishop of Bologna , cardinal
Marcantonio V. Colonna (1603–1655), his brother, 8th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 6th Duca di Tagliacozzo
Lorenzo Onofrio I. Colonna (1637–1689), his son, 8th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 7th Duca di Tagliacozzo, Duca di Marino, Duca di Miraglia
Filippo II Colonna (1663–1714), his son, 9th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 8th Duca di Tagliacozzo etc.
Fabrizio II Colonna (1700–1755), his son, 10th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 9th Duca di Tagliacozzo etc.
Lorenzo II Colonna (1723–1779), his son, 11th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 10th Duca di Tagliacozzo etc.
Filippo III. Giuseppe Colonna (1760-1818), his son, 12th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 11th Duca di Tagliacozzo etc.
Aspreno Colonna (1787–1847), nephew of Filippo III. Colonna, 13th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 12th Duca di Tagliacozzo, 6th Duca di Tursi
Giovanni Andrea Colonna (1820-1894), his son, 14th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 13th Duca di Tagliacozzo, 7th Duca di Tursi
Marcantonio Colonna (1844–1912), his son, 15th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 14th Duca di Tagliacozzo, 8th Duca di Tursi
Fabrizio Colonna (1848–1923), his brother, 16th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 15th Duca di Tagliacozzo, 9th Duca di Tursi
Marcantonio Colonna (1881–1947), his son, 17th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 16th Duca di Tagliacozzo, 10th Duca di Tursi
Aspreno Colonna (1916–1987), his son, 18th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 17th Duca di Tagliacozzo, 11th Duca di Tursi
Marcantonio Colonna (* 1948), his son, 19th Duca e Principe di Colonna, 18th Duca di Tagliacozzo, 12th Duca di Tursi

Dukes of Zagarolo

Palazzo Rospigliosi in Zagarolo

Girolamo Colonna († 1482), lord of Gallicano and Zagarolo, illegitimate son of Antonio Colonna († 1471)
Marcello Colonna († after 1526), his son, Lord of Gallicano and Zagarolo
Camillo Colonna († 1558), his son, 1st Duca di Zagarolo
Pompeo Colonna († 1584), his son, 2nd Duca di Zagarolo
Marzio Colonna († after 1601), his son, 3rd Duca di Zagarolo, 1st Principe di Gallicano
Pierfrancesco Colonna, his son, 4th Duca di Zagarolo, 2nd Principe di Gallicano
Pompeo Colonna († 1676), his son, 5th Duca di Zagarolo, 3rd Principe di Gallicano

The lords and princes of Palestrina

The Palazzo Colonna Barberini in Palestrina , on the ruins of the temple for the Oracle of Fortuna Primigenia in ancient Praeneste

In 1043 Palestrina came into the possession of the Colonna. The place is on the terraces of the sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia , which was only partially exposed after the Second World War. The Colonna built a castle on its top, which was converted into the Palazzo Colonna Barberini , which still exists today, around 1500 . Today the Nile mosaic from Palestrina is located in the palazzo . The castle opposite Palestrina in the ancient Arx Praenestina , now Castel San Pietro Romano , was built around 980 and was also given to the Colonna. In 1297 Pope Boniface VIII , who was enemies with them, had the city destroyed. This fate was repeated in 1437 on the orders of Cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi . In 1630 Francesco Colonna sold the city to Carlo Barberini , brother of Pope Urban VIII, for 775,000 Scudi .

Stefano Colonna the Younger († 1347), son of Stefano Colonna the Elder
Stefanello Colonna († 1366/68), his son, Lord of Palestrina
Giovanni Colonna († 1413), his son, Lord of Palestrina
Niccolò Colonna († 1410), his brother, lord of Palestrina
Iacopo Colonna († around 1431), his son, Lord of Palestrina
Stefano Colonna († 1433), his son, lord of Palestrina
Stefano Colonna (1433–1482 / 90), his son, Lord of Palestrina
Francesco Colonna († 1538), his son, Lord of Palestrina
Stefano Colonna († 1548), his son, Lord of Palestrina
Giulio Cesare Colonna († after 1571), his son, 1571 1st Principe di Palestrina
Francesco Colonna († 1636), his son, 1st Principe di Carbognano e Bassanello, sold Palestrina to the Barberini family in 1630

The princes of Carbognano

Carbognano Castle

Giulio Cesare Colonna (1602–1681), his son, 2nd Principe di Bassanello e Carbognano
Egidio Colonna († 1686), his son, 3rd Principe di Carbognano, Duca di Bassanello
Francesco Colonna (1684–1750), his son, 4th Principe di Carbognano, Duca di Bassanello
Giulio Cesare Colonna (1702–1787), his son, 5th Principe di Carbognano, Duca di Bassanello, Principe di Palestrina (uxor nomine); ∞ Donna Cornelia Costanza Barberini 4th Principessa di Palestrina
Urbano Barberini Colonna di Sciarra (1733–1796), his son, 6th Principe di Carbognano, Duca di Bassonello,
Maffeo Barberini Colonna di Sciarra (1771–1849), his son, 7th Principe di Carbognano, Duca di Bassonello
Maffeo Barberini Colonna di Sciarra (1850–1925), his posthumous son, 8th Principe di Carbognano, Duca di Bassanello
Urbano Barberini Colonna di Sciarra (1913–1942), his son, 9th Principe di Carbognano, Duca di Bassonello
Alberto Riario Sforza (* 1937), his son-in-law, 10. Principe di Carbognano (uxor nomine)