Borghese

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Borghese coat of arms
The Borghese eagle at the Villa Borghese in Rome

Borghese is the name of a Roman noble family of the princely class, which belongs to the papal nobility as well as to the European high nobility and which still exists today.

history

The family originally came from the patriciate of Siena , where it has been documented since 1238. The secure regular series begins with the Sienese patrician Marcantonio Borghese , who settled in 1541 in Rome and the father of the late Pope Paul V was.

The family has been part of the nobility since Pope Paul V (born in 1552 as Camillo Borghese, Pope from 1605 to 1621) appointed his nephew Marcantonio Borghese (* 1598, † 1658) as hereditary prince of Montecompatri in 1605 . The family was also admitted to the patriciate of Venice that year. Other princes, margraves , counts and duke titles followed from 1607. The title Prince of Sulmona was given in 1607 by the Spanish King Philip III. awarded to the papal nephew Marcantonio Borghese. By climbing the Holy See, the Borghese family, who immigrated from Siena, soon caught up with the old Roman noble families Colonna and Orsini and overtook them in terms of family wealth.

The core of the Palazzo Borghese in Rome, built in 1560, was acquired by Cardinal Camillo Borghese in 1604. After he was elected Pope Paul V in 1605, he left the building to his brothers Francesco and Giovanni Battista. This entrusted Flaminio Ponzio with the task of expanding it into a residence suitable for the papal family. Until 1613 he created the wing on the Piazza Borghese and also the inner courtyard, which is enclosed on three sides by two-story arcades. It is still one of the most magnificent buildings in Rome and is still owned by the family.

The Villa Borghese is located directly in front of the Porta del Popolo in Rome; it was the summer palace of the Borghese dynasty, built from 1613 for the Pope's nephew Cardinal Scipione Borghese . In the associated casino is the private art collection of the Galleria Borghese , with works of art of world renown.

The family subsequently provided several other cardinals and once again gained political importance with Prince Camillo Borghese , Prince of Sulmona and Rossano (1775-1832), Napoleon I's brother-in-law . He had the Palazzo Borghese in Florence restored in the classical style that he had inherited from his mother Anna Maria Salviati, the last of the important Florentine noble family Salviati . He was inherited by his brother Francesco (1776-1839), whose eldest son Marcantonio succeeded as Prince Borghese, whose second son Camillo received the title of Prince Aldobrandini and whose third son Scipione Borghese (1823-1892) was elevated to Duca Salviati in 1834 . After the Pamphilij family died out , the inheritance of the Olimpia Aldobrandini had passed to the Borghese in 1760, who had married a Borghese in the first marriage, a Pamphilij in the second and who was the last heir to the Roman branch of the Aldobrandini . Prince Francesco Aldobrandini Borghese (1776–1839) created a secondary school for his second son Camillo (1816–1902). Since then, this line has been named Fürst Aldobrandini , the youngest line has been named Duke Salviati . Another branch with another name was created in 1872 through the marriage of Giulio Borghese, son of Marcantonio V. Principe Borghese, 8th Principe di Sulmona (1814-1886), with Anna Maria Torlonia (1855-1901), in 1873 he took the name Torlonia , inherited the title Principe di Fucino and thus founded the younger line of this family.

The head of the Borghese family, Prince Livio (1874–1939), had the following title chain in the 1930s: “11. Prince of Montecompatri, 11th Prince of Sulmona and Vivaro, 10th Prince of Rossano , 5th Duke of Canemorte, 11th Duke of Palombara, 5th Duke of Castelchiodato, 11th Duke of Poggionativo, 11th Margrave of Mentana, Norma, Civitella, Pratica, Moricone and Percille, 11th Count of Valinfreda, 11th Baron of Cropalati, 11th Lord of Scarpa, nobleman of Rome, patrician of Venice, Naples and Genoa, Lord of ... ( and eleven other titles ) ”.

Today's head of the family is Scipione Borghese (* 1970), married to Donna Barbara Massimo (* 1965).

The Borghese belong, in addition to their side line Aldobrandini as well as the families Barberini , Caetani , Chigi , Colonna , Doria-Pamphilj , Lante della Rovere, Massimo , Odescalchi , Orsini , Pallavicini , Riario Sforza , Rospigliosi , Ruspoli and Torlonia to the most famous royal houses of the high aristocracy .

coat of arms

Under the head of a golden shield , inside a golden crowned, armored and tongued black eagle, in blue a golden dragon; Prince's crown and mantle.

Known family members

Pope Paul V (Camillo Borghese), Pope from 1605 to 1621, based on a painting by Caravaggio

literature

The Borghese coat of arms as the papal coat of arms with the inscription PAVLVS V. BVRGHESIVS above the portico of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ GHdA , Adelslexikon Vol. II, Limburg (Lahn) 1974, p. 9 f.
  2. ^ Family table of the Borghese, Aldobrandini and Salviati
  3. ↑ GHdA, Adelslexikon Vol. II, Limburg (Lahn) 1974, p. 10

See also

Web links

Commons : Borghese  - collection of images, videos and audio files