Dysentery
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| A04.9 |
Bacterial intestinal infection, unspecified bacterial enteritis onA |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
As dysentery (outdated term dissenteria ; Latin dysenteria ) or dysentery (from Middle High German ruor " belly flow , dysentery, various forms of dysentery", from Old High German ruora "flow, rapid flow") is an inflammatory disease of the colon in a bacterial infection designated ( bacterial agitation ). In a broader sense, dysentery is also understood to mean diarrheal diseases that occur in the event of infections with parasites such as amoebas ( amoebic dysentery ) or lamblia or in virus infections .
The outdated expression Dysenteria catarrhalis , on the other hand, is used to describe celiac disease in the case of gluten intolerance.
Origin and symptoms
The symptoms of dysentery were already described in ancient times by Hippocrates . The disease later appeared mainly as a war epidemic. Kiyoshi Shiga discovered a pathogen of dysentery in Japan in 1897, and Walter Kruse , Angelo Celli and André Chantemesse also described the same at around the same time in Europe : a gram-negative rod bacterium. This shigella are triggers of bacterial dysentery, and bacillary dysentery or Shigellosis called; they are mostly spread through contact with infectious feces or contaminated food. In addition, a through is protozoa , amoeba known caused dysentery, amoebic dysentery and amebic mentioned wherein the contaminated water is the most common cause of infection is.
The first signs of dysentery appear after an incubation period of approx. 2-3 days, colic-like abdominal pain and diarrhea . Defecation is very frequent, 8–30 times a day, and it is also painful ( tenesmen ). The stool is usually slimy and light ( white dysentery, "Lienterie"), less often bloody ( red dysentery ). Fever is also possible, but uncharacteristic. Usually recovery occurs after a course of 4 to a maximum of 14 days. However, the disease can lead to life-threatening dehydration due to the strong loss of fluids and electrolytes and, especially in young children, to central nervous symptoms, kidney failure and circulatory collapse. The most severe courses are observed with infections by the species Shigella dysenteriae , which was discovered in 1897 and which, in addition to enterotoxins , which can damage the intestine , can also form other toxins, called Shiga toxins . Infections with Shigella sonnei , on the other hand, are milder.
Consequences of illness
Reiter's syndrome can develop as a secondary illness : The Reiter triad consists of inflammatory processes in the eye ( conjunctivitis , iritis , eyelid swelling), in the urethra and in joints ( arthritis , bursitis , synovitis ).
therapy
In addition to symptomatic therapy, quinolone antibiotics , aminopenicillins , cephalosporins and cotrimoxazole are the agents of choice, but tetracyclines and sulfonamides can also be used. Sensitivity testing is indispensable for optimal therapy.
See also
literature
- Roche Lexicon Medicine. 5th edition, Elsevier, Urban & Fischer Verlag, Munich / Jena 2003, ISBN 3-437-15072-3 ( online version ).
- Medical microbiology (= dual series). 3rd edition, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2000/2005, ISBN 3-13-125313-4 .
- Karl Wurm, AM Walter: Infectious Diseases. In: Ludwig Heilmeyer (ed.): Textbook of internal medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1955; 2nd edition, ibid. 1961, pp. 9-223, here: pp. 136-140 ( bacteria dysentery ) and 140-142 ( amoebic dysentery ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Max Höfler: German book of names of diseases. Munich 1899, p. 530 f.
- ↑ Werner Köhler : Dysentery. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 330 f .; here: p. 330.
- ^ Johann Lucas Schönlein : General and special pathology and therapy. Volume 1, Würzburg 1832, p. 385. Digitized
- ↑ Florian Stader: History of Parasitology at the University of Bonn. Bonn 1986, p. 17f.
