Walter Kruse (doctor)

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Walter Kruse (also Walther Kruse , born September 8, 1864 in Berlin ; † September 1943 ) was a German doctor , hygienist , bacteriologist and university professor .

Life

Kruse studied medicine in Berlin, a. a. as a student of Rudolf Virchow , and received his doctorate there in 1888. Between 1890 and 1892, during his research stay at the Naples Zoological Station, he published several papers on blood parasites in frogs, birds and humans. As an assistant to Carl Flügge at the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Breslau and later Dittmar Finkler at the Hygiene Institute of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , founded in 1894, he worked a. a. the sections on morphology , pathogenesis , systematics of the bacilli and protozoa of the work "Die Mikroorganismen" published in several editions by Carl Flügge . As a technically experienced bacteriologist, he took over the management of the bacteriological laboratory in 1894/95 . 1909–1911 he headed the Hygiene Institute in Königsberg . In 1911 he returned to Bonn and took over the management of the Hygiene Institute there until 1913. In 1913 he followed a call to Leipzig . In 1936 Walter Kruse was accepted as a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in the Microbiology and Immunology Section .

Scientific contributions

The first description of the pathogen of bacterial dysentery ( dysentery ), a gram - negative rod-shaped bacterium, which was also rampant in the Rhineland in the summer , had to be shared by Kruse with the Japanese Shiga , the French André Chantemesse and the Italian Celli , so that the pathogen was christened " Shigella " and its name only appears in the common names for the serological group A, which causes the most severe disease processes in the tropics and subtropics, as "Shiga-Kruse bacterium" and for group D as "Kruse-sun bacterium", which - as the most common Shigella bacteria in Central Europe Bacterium - causes mild forms, especially summer diarrhea in children.

Due to his interest in diarrhea, Kruse was already working around 1900 in an area in which Bonn's hygiene today has a national and global reputation, namely water hygiene, especially of the reservoir water, which Kruse - in comparison to streams - as hygienically harmless and therefore not Surface water in need of filtration. With the evidence of "dysentery amoeba " as a causative agent of " tropical dysentery ", the destruction of the intestinal mucosa differs from that of dysentery bacteria, Kruse also made a contribution to parasitology .

In his Leipzig years, Kruse turned to hereditary and racial hygiene and thus contributed not only to the development of National Socialist racial hygiene , but also to the later discrediting of his subject in Germany.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Walther Kruse: About rod margins on epithelial cells . It's a shame, diss. Med. Berlin 1888.
  2. Carl Flügge: The microorganisms, with special consideration of the etiology of infectious diseases . 2., completely redesigned. Edition of "Ferments and Microparasites". Vogel, Leipzig 1996.
  3. ^ Carl Schmiz: The Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn 1818-1918 (1920) p. 87.
  4. ^ Walter Bruchhausen: Hygiene and Public Health in Bonn from the 18th to the 20th century . In: Walter Bruchhausen and Thomas Kistemann (eds.): 125 years of the Institute for Hygiene and Public Health at the University of Bonn . Bonn 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-062603-6 , pp. 7-56 .
  5. Florian Stader: History of Parasitology at the University of Bonn (Diss. Med. Bonn 1986), pp. 17-18.
  6. ^ Walter Bruchhausen: Scientific and technical progress and fear of decline: Medical faculty and university clinics 1870-1933, in: Thomas Becker / Philip Rosin (eds.), The natural and life sciences = history of the University of Bonn , Vol. 4, V&R unipress / Bonn University Press, Göttingen 2018, pp. 40–79, here p. 66.
  7. Walter Kruse: Hygienic assessment of the dam water. Centralblatt für Allgemeine Gesundheitspflege 20 (1901), p. 145.
  8. Walter Kruse: The current status of the dysentery question, in: Deutsche Aerztezeitung (1902), No. 2.
  9. Walter Kruse: The Germans and their neighboring peoples. New foundations of anthropology, race, ethnology, tribal studies and constitution doctrine along with explanations on German racial hygiene . Thieme, Leipzig 1929.