bacteriology
The Bacteriology (from ancient Greek βακτἠριον baktērion , German , sticks' and λόγος logos , Customer ', -logie , teaching') is the science , the subject matter of construction, the way of life, the system and the identification of bacteria is. Bacteria are microscopic living things that have a cell structure and obtain the energy required for life through their own metabolism .
Bacteriology is a branch of microbiology . Among many other things, it also deals with pathogenic bacteria and provides important results for medicine and thus for combating diseases .
history
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek described bacteria that he had observed microscopically as early as 1677. Important later discoveries come from Lazzaro Spallanzani , Louis Pasteur , Ferdinand Cohn , Martinus Willem Beijerinck , Sergej Winogradsky and Albert J. Kluyver . The pioneers of medical bacteriology were Joseph Lister , Louis Pasteur, Paul Ehrlich and Robert Koch , who created the basis for successful disease control with antibiotics and vaccines .
Discoveries of bacteria (initial descriptions)
- 1873: Mycobacterium leprae by Gerhard Armauer Hansen
- 1875: Clostridium chauvoei ( syn. C. feseri ) by Johann Feser
- 1876: Bacillus anthracis by Robert Koch
- 1877: Clostridium septicum by Louis Pasteur , Jules Joubert
- 1879: Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Albert Neisser
- 1880: Salmonella typhi by Karl Joseph Eberth , Erysipelothrix muriseptica by Robert Koch
- 1882: Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Robert Koch, Burkholderia mallei (Syn. Malleomyces m. ) By Friedrich Loeffler and Wilhelm Schütz , Streptococcus pyogenes by Friedrich Fehleisen
- 1883: Vibrio cholerae by Robert Koch, Corynebacterium xerosis by Albert Neisser and S. Kuschbert
- 1884: Corynebacterium diphtheriae by F. Loeffler and Clostridium tetani by Arthur Nicolaier
- 1885: Mycobacterium smegmatis by E. Alvarez and Ernst Tavel , Salmonella choleraesuis by Daniel Elmer Salmon , Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis by Edmond Nocard
- 1886: Streptococcus pneumoniae (Syn. Diplococcus p. ) By Albert Fraenkel (physician, 1848) and Anton Weichselbaum , Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae by F. Loeffler
- 1887: Neisseria meningitidis by Anton Weichselbaum , Corynebacterium pseudodiphthericum by Franz Adolf Hofmann , Streptococcus agalactiae by E. Nocard and Hyacinthe Mollereau
- 1888: Salmonella enteritidis by August Gärtner
- 1891: Salmonella typhimurium by Friedrich Loeffler
- 1892: Micrococcus epidermidis by William Henry Welch , Moraxella catarrhalis (Syn. Branhamella catarrhalis , Neisseria c. ) By Seifert and Richard Pfeiffer , Clostridium perfringens by William Henry Welch and George Nuttal
- 1893: Arcanobacterium pyogenes by Adrien Lucet
- 1894: Clostridium novyi by Frederick G. Novy
- 1896: Mycobacterium bovis by Theobald Smith , Clostridium botulinum by Emile van Ermengem
- 1897: Propionibacterium acnes (Syn. Corynebacterium acnes ) by Raymond Sabouraud
- 1898: Shigella dysenteriae by Kiyoshi Shiga , Mycoplasma by E. Nocard, Émile Roux
- 1900: Salmonella paratyphi B by Hugo Schottmüller , Shigella flexneri (syn. S. paradysenteriae B) by Simon Flexner and Richard Pearson Strong , Shigella boydii by Mark Frederick Boyd
- 1903: Enterococcus faecalis (Syn. Streptococcus f. ) By Theodor Escherich
- 1905: Treponema pallidum by Fritz Schaudinn , Erich Hoffmann , Treponema pertenue by Aldo Castellani
- 1907: Shigella sonnei D by Walter Kruse , Carl Olaf Sonne , Chlamydia trachomatis by Ludwig Halberstaedter and Stanislaus von Prowazek
- 1910: Micrococcus denitrificans by Martinus Beijerinck
- 1983: Helicobacter pylori by Barry Marshall and John Robin Warren
literature
- Karl Bernhard Lehmann, Rudolf O. Neumann: Atlas and outline of bacteriology and textbook of special bacteriological diagnostics . Lehmann, Munich 1899.
- Philipp Sarasin , Silvia Berger , Marianne Hänseler (eds.): Bacteriology and Modernity. Studies on the biopolitics of the invisible 1870–1920 . Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 3-518-29407-5 .
- Carl Günther: Introduction to the Study of Bacteriology , BiblioBazaar 2009, ISBN 978-1-113-69787-5 .
- Silvia Berger: Bacteria in War and Peace: A History of Medical Bacteriology in Germany, 1890-1933 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8353-0556-4 .
- Kenneth Todar: Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology , University of Wisconsin (accessed November 4, 2010) - an excellent online textbook in English!
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Paul de Kruif : Microbe Hunters. Harcourt Brace & Company , New York 1926.
- German: microbe hunter. Translated and introduced by Siegmund Feilbogen . Orell Füssli, Zurich 1927. 8th edition, with the title Mikrobenjäger , ibid 1940 and more. Revised new edition (also as a microbe hunter ): Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1980, ISBN 3-550-06084-X .
- Paul de Kruif: The Fight for Life. 1938.
- German: men who conquer death. Translated by Karl Eugen Brunner. Orell Füssli Verlag, Zurich / Leipzig 1938.
