Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecalis
	Enterococcus faecalis
Systematics
Department :	Firmicutes
Class :	Bacilli
Order :	Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillales)
Family :	Enterococcaceae
Genre :	Enterococcus
Type :	Enterococcus faecalis
Scientific name
	Enterococcus faecalis
	( Andrewes & Horder 1906) ; Schleifer & Kilpper-Bälz 1984

Enterococcus faecalis (also Streptococcus faecalis ) is a gram-positive bacterium that occursin the intestines of humans and animals. The catalase- negative cocci are often arranged in pairs or in chain form. They are undemanding organisms that have both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism.

features

Alpha, beta, or no hemolysis can be observed on blood agar . Enterococcus faecalis is largely resistant to bile salts and optochin . It is heat-stable ( growth at 37 ° C) and salt-tolerant (growth in 6.5% NaCl solution). Moreover hydrolyze it esculin . They carry the Lancefield group- D- antigen , but the extraction of the antigen is more difficult than with the streptococci because enterococci have more teichonic acid and less polysaccharide .

Clinical significance

Both pathogenic and non- pathogenic strains are known. So far neither toxins nor other virulent factors could be detected, plasmid -transferred hemolysin could play a role.

The pathogenic strains cause nosocomial infections in people with compromised immune systems. Endocarditis and bladder, prostate and epididymal infections can also be triggered. The involvement of the nervous system is rare. In lack of hygiene or weakening of the immune system may also be a vaginal infection (vaginosis) by Enterococcus faecalis be induced. E. faecalis is responsible for about 90% of infections caused by enterococci.

Infections with Enterococcus faecalis are treated with ampicillin (also with the addition of gentamicin ). Alternative antibiotics are mezlocillin , piperacillin, and vancomycin .

Antibiotic resistance to chloramphenicol (Cmr), erythromycin (Emr), tetracycline (Tcr) and minocycline (Mnr) has been demonstrated in some strains of the bacterium . Resistance to ampicillin was found in 13% of the bacterial strains, mainly in hospitals. Of 676 strains examined, only 0.1% showed amoxicillin resistance .

Synonyms

In 1984 the species Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium were assigned to the genus Enterococcus (new Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium ).

swell

↑ Details: DSM-25643. In: www.dsmz.de. Retrieved December 14, 2016 .
↑ Helmut Hahn: Medical microbiology and infectious diseases. 6th edition. Springer Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-46359-7 , p. 223.
^ Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 263.
↑ K. Pepper et al .: Location of antibiotic resistance markers in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with similar antibiotypes. In: Antimicrob Agents Chemother . vol. 9 (1987), 31, pp. 1394-1402 PMID 3118797
↑ The prevalence of fecal colonization of enterococci, the resistance of the isolates to ampicillin, vancomycin, and high-level aminoglycosides, and the clonal relationship among isolates. In: Microb Drug Resist . 2005 Summer, 11 (2), pp. 159-164.
^ KH Schleifer, R. Kilpper-Balz: Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the genus Enterococcus nom. rev. as Enterococcus faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcus faecium comb. nov. In: Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34, (1984), pp. 31-34.

literature

Michael Rolle, Anton Mayr: Medical microbiology, infection and disease theory. Enke Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8304-1060-7 .

Web links

zct-berlin.de ( Memento from June 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) []
E. faecalis on medium

[1] Details: DSM-25643. In: www.dsmz.de. Retrieved December 14, 2016 .

[2] Helmut Hahn: Medical microbiology and infectious diseases. 6th edition. Springer Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-540-46359-7 , p. 223.

[3] Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimicrobial Therapy. Decision support for the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. With the collaboration of Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz and August Stich, 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4 , p. 263.

[4] K. Pepper et al .: Location of antibiotic resistance markers in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with similar antibiotypes. In: Antimicrob Agents Chemother . vol. 9 (1987), 31, pp. 1394-1402 PMID 3118797

[5] The prevalence of fecal colonization of enterococci, the resistance of the isolates to ampicillin, vancomycin, and high-level aminoglycosides, and the clonal relationship among isolates. In: Microb Drug Resist . 2005 Summer, 11 (2), pp. 159-164.

[6] KH Schleifer, R. Kilpper-Balz: Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the genus Enterococcus nom. rev. as Enterococcus faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcus faecium comb. nov. In: Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34, (1984), pp. 31-34.