Richard Pfeiffer (bacteriologist)

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Richard Pfeiffer

Richard Friedrich Johann Pfeiffer (born March 27, 1858 in Zduny / Kotoschin district , Posen province , † September 15, 1945 in Bad Landeck , Lower Silesia ) was a German bacteriologist and hygienist.

Life

Robert Koch and Richard Pfeiffer (1897)

Pfeiffer attended school in Schweidnitz and studied medicine at the Medical and Surgical Friedrich Wilhelm Institute in Berlin , where he received his doctorate in 1880 . He was then a medical officer in the Prussian Army until 1889 . From 1887 to 1891 assistant to Robert Koch , he completed his habilitation in 1891 at the Charité in Berlin.

As successor to Erwin von Esmarch , he was appointed to the chair for hygiene at the Albertus University in Königsberg in 1899 . In 1909 he moved to the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in Breslau . For the academic year 1919/20 he was elected its rector . He retired in 1925 and was accepted into the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 1927 .

He made numerous fundamental contributions to bacteriology: Together with Carl Fraenkel , he summarized Koch's teachings in an outline of bacterial science. He was the first to describe bacteriolysis . In 1892 he discovered the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae and in 1896 Micrococcus catarrhalis . He was also one of the discoverers of vaccinations against typhoid . On various expeditions abroad he examined the plague in India (together with the leaders of the expedition Georg Gaffky and Robert Koch, the internist and disease researcher Georg Sticker and the bacteriologist Adolf Dieudonné ) and malaria in Italy. Pfeiffer first described the endotoxins and their effects.

literature

Pfeiffer's house Heimatsonne in Bad Landeck, Konopnickiej Strasse 5
  • Werner E. Gerabek:  Pfeiffer, Richard Friedrich Johannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 323 ( digitized version ).
  • Ulrike Enke: Science on the move. The German plague expedition to India , in: Dies (ed.): The Medical Faculty of the University of Gießen: Institutions, actors and events from the foundation in 1607 to the 20th century. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2007, 251-286.
  • Ulrike Enke: "Password: to stamp out the plague!" The German plague expedition to Bombay in 1897 , in: Hessisches Ärzteblatt number 4, 2005, 244-247 PDF ( Memento from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  • ET Rietschel, JM Cavaillon: Richard Pfeiffer and Alexandre Besredka: creators of the concept of endotoxin and anti-endotoxin. In: Microbes and infection. Volume 5, Number 15, December 2003, pp. 1407-1414, ISSN  1286-4579 . PMID 14670454 .
  • Werner Köhler : Pfeiffer, Richard Friedrich Johann. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1134 f.

Web links

Commons : Richard Pfeiffer (bacteriologist)  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Rector's speeches (HKM)