Altötting
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Coordinates: 48 ° 14 ' N , 12 ° 41' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Upper Bavaria | |
| County : | Altötting | |
| Height : | 403 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 23.08 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 13,001 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 563 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 84503 | |
| Area code : | 08671 | |
| License plate : | AÖ, LF | |
| Community key : | 09 1 71 111 | |
| City structure: | 40 districts | |
City administration address : |
Kapellplatz 2a 84503 Altötting |
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| Website : | ||
| First Mayor : | Stephan Antwerp ( CSU ) | |
| Location of the town of Altötting in the Altötting district | ||
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Altötting ( , Bavarian : Oideding) is the district town of the district of the same name in the administrative district of Upper Bavaria and is located about 90 kilometers east of Munich . The city experiences supraregional importance as a place of pilgrimage with a chapel of grace . Altötting is part of the Inn-Salzach tourist region .
geography
The city was formed on the Mörnbach on an extensive gravel terrace. This was piled up over millennia by the runoff from the Inn glacier . The river Inn is three kilometers to the north and two kilometers to the south is a huge moraine rubble wall , the Kastler heights, in the same direction as the current . Since the incorporation of the municipality of Raitenhart, a piece of the Inn with a length of around three kilometers has been in the area of the town of Altötting.
Outline of the urban area
The city has 40 districts:
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history
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Celts, Romans, Bavarians
The beginnings of a settlement can be assigned to the time of the urnfield culture (approx. 1250 to 750 BC), whereby the surrounding pasture area, the fish-rich waters and the adjacent forest with its hunting possibilities were the most important prerequisites for the construction of the settlement. The grave finds from the Urnfield Period in the north of the city and the Bayuwar row graves in the south delimit a place that over the course of a millennium has been characterized less by its settlement continuity and more by its importance as a possible place of worship. The almost square shape of the old Kapellplatz with its wooden enclosure and the linden tree in the middle point either to a Celtic hill with cult significance or to an old Germanic Dingplatz as a meeting place and court.
In addition to this cult importance, the economic importance also grew with the expansion of salt exports from Hallein and Reichenhall in the Celtic times and the establishment of an artificial road network by the Romans . The proximity to the old Inn crossing at Ehring-Töging and the crossing point of the connecting roads Juvavum (Salzburg) - Castra Regina (Regensburg) and Augusta Vindelicum (Augsburg) Ovilava (Wels) or Batavis (Passau) also moved the old cult site with its modest settlement more and more into the field of vision of strategic-military considerations. This development, combined with the geographical location exactly in the middle of the developing Agilolfingian duchy in Old Bavaria, led to Ötting being mentioned for the first time as "villa publica" in 748 with the name "Autingas".
middle Ages
In the early Middle Ages, Autingas appears as the name for today's city. The name Altötting has only been used since Neuötting was founded (probably in 1224). Already in 748 the place was a palace of the Agilolfinger dukes of Bavaria. Forty years later, Altötting became the Carolingian royal palace. The oldest building of today's pilgrimage church probably also dates from this time. In the years 876/877 King Karlmann founded a monastery in Altötting, in which he was also buried. In 907 the town and the Palatinate, the monastery and the basilica were devastated by the Hungarian storm . Only the octagon of the baptistery survived the destruction. In 1228 which was Chorherrenstift by the Wittelsbach Duke Ludwig Kelheim rebuilt, later collegiate Altoetting . When the Salt Road was relocated from Venice to Nuremberg and steadily more and more to the Inn at the beginning of the 13th century , the Wittelsbacher Neuötting granted city and minting rights. In 1489 there are reports of two sensational healing miracles that justify the pilgrimage to Altötting. Between 1499 and 1511, today's Gothic collegiate church was built on the site of the Romanesque church. Altötting becomes one of the most important pilgrimage destinations of its time. Politically, the place of Hofmark des Stifts was without independent self-administration. The seat of the Wittelsbach nursing court was Neuötting.
Modern times
With the end of the second canon monastery in the secularization of 1803, Altötting became a simple rural community ( municipal edict of 1818). In 1845 Altötting was raised to the market. In 1898 it was elevated to the status of town. The railway connection through the Mühldorf – Burghausen railway line in 1897 led to a revival of pilgrimage and the associated tourism in the first half of the 20th century . With the beatification and canonization of the Altötting Capuchin gate brother Konrad von Parzham in 1930 and 1934, Altötting received a second much-visited pilgrimage destination in addition to the Chapel of Grace. Shortly before the end of the Second World War , the " Altötting civil murders " occurred . On April 28, 1945, an SS commando shot dead five Altötting citizens in the courtyard of what was then the district office, who tried to free their hometown from Nazi rule in order to prevent destruction by the approaching US troops . After the war, a memorial for the victims was built at the place of execution, which has since been expanded into a small chapel.
Incorporations
On October 1, 1971, parts of the previously independent community of Unterburgkirchen were incorporated into Altötting, and Raitenhart was incorporated on January 1, 1972 . On January 1, 1978, a smaller area of the municipality of Kastl was reclassified to Altötting.
Population development
Between 1988 and 2018, the city grew from 10,806 to 12,969 by 2,163 inhabitants or 20%.
Religions
Evangelical Lutheran Church
The church "Zum Guten Hirten", which belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria , is located on Eichendorffstrasse .
Roman Catholic Church
The Chapel of Grace
The Roman Catholic Gnadenkapelle Altötting with the venerated image of the Black Mother of God is one of the most visited pilgrimage sites in Germany and Europe. The hearts of Bavarian rulers are kept inside the Gnadenkapelle.
Episcopal administrators
- 1930–1945: Msgr. Adalbert Vogl
- 1946–1956: Ludwig Eisenreich Päpstl. Secret chamberlain
- 1956–1991: Prelate DDr. Robert Bauer
- 1992-2008: Prelate Alois Furtner
- 2008–2014: Prelate Ludwig Limbrunner
- since 2014: Prelate Günther Mandl
Pope visits
As an important place of pilgrimage Altötting was by the Popes Pius VI. 1782, John Paul II. 1980 and Benedict XVI. Visited in 2006. Pope Benedict XVI was born in Marktl , eleven kilometers from Altötting . In 2008, Archbishop Joachim Cardinal Meisner of Cologne, as a cardinal legate , presented the city with one of the highest papal awards, the Golden Rose .
Signposted pilgrimage routes
Altötting forms the center of a network of pilgrims' paths , which includes the “ Jakobsweg Bohemia – Bavaria – Tyrol ” from Krumau on the Vltava via Passau and Altötting down to Kufstein, the “St. Rupert-Pilgerweg ”from Altötting in the footsteps of the holy mission bishop through the Rupertiwinkel to Salzburg and Bischofshofen im Pongau and the“ Wolfgangweg ”from Regensburg via Altötting and the Innviertel to St. Wolfgang in the Salzkammergut. A regional specialty is the Benediktweg , which opened in 2005 . The circular route connects the places of childhood and youth of Joseph Ratzinger over a length of approx. 250 kilometers and leads through the tranquil foothills of the Alps between Inn and Salzach . The starting point and destination is the Papstlinde in Altötting.
politics
City council
The city council consists of the first mayor and 24 city councilors. The local elections in Bavaria in 2020 led to the following result in Altötting with a turnout of 49.3%:
| Parties | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|
| proportion of | Seats | |
| CSU | 43.1% | 10 |
| Free voters | 20.7% | 5 |
| SPD | 12.1% | 3 |
| AfD | 6.8% | 2 |
| ÖDP | 5.5% | 1 |
| The list | 11.9% | 3 |
mayor
Stephan Antwerp (CSU) has been mayor since May 1, 2020; on March 15, 2020, he was elected with 71.4% from two competitors. His predecessor was Herbert Hofauer (Free Voters) from May 1, 1995 to April 30, 2020; he was no longer running.
coat of arms
The description of the coat of arms awarded on August 29, 1845 reads: “In gold on a silver base, a golden crowned and silver nimble Madonna in a red robe and a silver cloak, blue inside, on the right arm the red robed, silver holding a golden apple diminished child; in the left a golden lily scepter. "
Town twinning
In the “ Shrines of Europe ” collaboration , Altötting has been connected to five other Marian shrines since 1996 ; In 2017 Einsiedeln became the seventh member. These are:
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Einsiedeln ( Switzerland ) |
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Fátima ( Portugal ) |
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Loreto ( Italy ) |
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Lourdes ( France ) |
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Mariazell ( Austria ) |
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Czestochowa ( Poland ; Polish Częstochowa) |
Official city partnerships exist with Loreto, Fatima / Ourèm and Mariazell.
On April 24, 2013, the Parliamentary Committee gave the Council of Europe announced that Altötting together with the Hungarian city Tata for their outstanding efforts in European integration with the European Prize will be awarded.
Culture and sights
Museums
- Treasury and Goldenes Rössl
- Brother Konrad Museum about the life and work of St. Konrad von Parzham
- Altötting city gallery with changing exhibitions of fine arts
- Mechanical crib from 1926–1928 with 130 figures
- Altötting diorama show on the history of Altötting with over 5000 figures
- Jerusalem panorama Crucifixion of Christ from 1902–1903, panorama by Gebhard Fugel in a specially built panorama building, the only original panorama (canvas area approx. 1200 m²) with religious themes in Europe.
- Frankincense Museum
Buildings
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Kapellplatz (octagonal layout by Enrico Zuccalli ) with
- Gnadenkapelle , in the core of approx. 700, with altar of grace from 1670 and a handling of over 2,000 votive pictures . Burial place from the heart of Bavarian rulers.
- Stiftspfarrkirche (Gothic hall church, 1499–1511), five bronze bells in the two towers (a ° - cis '- e' - fis '- a')
- St. Magdalena Church (Baroque pilgrimage church, 1697–1700)
- Congregation hall of the Marian Congregation for Men (2 years construction time - 1696/1697)
- Stiftspropstei (13th century, modified in Baroque style in 1683, today a vocational school for music)
- Old Canons
- New Canons (by Zuccalli)
- Stiftsdekanei (today parsonage and pilgrimage museum)
- Hotel zur Post (from Zuccalli)
- Marienbrunnen (by Santino Solari 1635–1637, foundation of Archbishop Paris Lodron )
- Basilica of St. Anna (built 1910–1912)
- Altötting Capuchin Monastery
- St. Joseph Monastery , founded in 1721 by the English ladies, renamed the Congregatio Jesu in 2004
traffic
Altötting is via the A 94 , junction No. 22 (Altötting) or A 8 Munich – Salzburg, junction No. 109 (Grabenstätt, via B 304 and B 299, junction of the A 8 approx. 60 km away), the federal highways B 299 and indirectly B 588 connected to the higher-level road network.
Regional road connections are provided by state roads 2550 (formerly B 12 ) from Mühldorf to Neuötting, 2107 to Burgkirchen and 2108 via Emmerting to Burghausen.
The Altötting station on the Mühldorf – Burghausen railway line, opened in 1896 and operated by the Südostbayernbahn, is located near the city center . From 1906 to 1930, the community was also connected by the Neuötting – Altötting steam tram with the neighboring town of Neuötting and the Neuötting train station , which had its terminus in Neuöttinger Strasse, near Kapellplatz.
Altötting also has a glider flying site in the Osterwies district.
education
There are the following schools in Altötting:
- König-Karlmann-Gymnasium
- Maria Ward High School and Realschule
- Herzog-Ludwig-Realschule
- Private primary and secondary school Franziskushaus
- Josef Guggenmos Primary Schools North and South
- Weiß Ferdl Middle School
- Vocational and technical college
Vocational schools:
- Vocational school for nursing in the health and care education center of the Altötting district clinic
- Vocational school for music
- State vocational school
Associations and non-profit organizations
The largest club in town is the Turnverein TV 1864 Altötting e. V. with 3200 members. Divided into seventeen different departments, the TVA offers numerous sports. Historically important organizations with mostly religious references are, for example, the Seraphische Liebeswerk e. V., which was founded in Altötting in 1889. It is now active in charities at seven locations in Bavaria. The Marienwerk is also an important part of the pilgrimage in Altötting. To maintain customs and folklore, Altötting has a traditional costume association and two rifle clubs as well as a King Ludwig Association, which, along with the former member of the state parliament and deputy district administrator, Stefan Jetz, also provides the federal chairman of this association.
Various religious orders have long been deeply rooted in Altötting and have dedicated themselves to the pastoral care of pilgrims and the education of the citizens. These include St. Magdalena and St. Konrad (formerly St. Anna) since 1874, two religious orders that belong to the Teutonic Order Province of the Capuchin Order. The archives of the German Capuchin Province and the pastoral care of vocations have also been located here for several years. In the history of Altötting, in addition to the Capuchins, Jesuits (from 1596), Maltese (from 1721) and Redemptorists (from 1847) were with the Pastoral care of pilgrims busy. In addition to the two convents of the male order, Altötting also has the two female orders of the Sisters of the Holy Cross (known as Kreszentiaheim) and in the monastery of St. Joseph (known as the Institute of the English Misses) today the female order of the Congregatio Jesu. There has also been a higher educational institution for girls since 1823, from which the Maria-Mard-Gymnasium emerged, in which boys are now also taught.
Awards
- European diploma on September 28, 2000
- Flag of honor on September 28, 2001
- Plaque of honor on September 19, 2003
- European Prize on April 24, 2013
See also
Personalities
literature
- Wilhelm Döderlein (text), Claus Hansmann (photos): Altötting . Fine arts, Bruckmann Verlag , Munich 1960
Web links
- Website of the city of Altötting
- Entry on the Altötting coat of arms in the database of the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ^ City of Altötting: First Mayor. Retrieved May 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Place name search - history - district - Altötting district office. Retrieved May 22, 2020 .
- ^ City of Altötting in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bavarian State Library, accessed on December 23, 2017.
- ↑ Rainer Graefe: Buildings from living trees. Guided dance and court linden trees . Geymüller, Verl. For Architecture, Aachen [a. a.] 2014, ISBN 978-3-943164-08-4 .
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 416 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 567 .
- ^ Robert Bauer: The Bavarian pilgrimage Altötting . Munich 1970
- ^ "Golden Rose" for the Marian Shrine in Altötting ( Memento from April 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Page of the Catholic Church in Germany
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Altötting | Sister town Loreto. Retrieved September 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Altötting | Sister city Fatima / Ourèm. Retrieved September 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Altötting | Sister town Mariazell. Retrieved September 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Altötting (Germany) and Tata (Hungary) receive the 2013 European Prize. (No longer available online.) In: Press releases of the Council of Europe. April 24, 2013, archived from the original on June 17, 2013 ; Retrieved June 17, 2013 .
- ↑ altoetting.de
- ↑ altoetting.de
Altötting | Burghausen | Burgkirchen an der Alz | Emmerting | Erlbach | Feichten an der Alz | Garching an der Alz | Haiming | Halsbach | Kastl | Kirchweidach | Marktl | Mehring | Neuötting | Perach | Pleiskirchen | Reischach | Stammham | Teising | Töging am Inn | Tüßling | Tyrlaching | Untereukirchen | Winhöring