St. Anna (Altötting)

Portal of the Papal Basilica of St. Anne

inner space

High altar

The St. Anna Basilica in Altötting is one of the largest churches in Germany built in the 20th century. The church, next to the Capuchin monastery of St. Konrad on Bruder-Konrad-Platz, is 83 meters long, 24 meters high and has a vault width of 27 meters. In 1913 Pope Pius X raised it to the rank of papal basilica minor .

Building history

As early as the 17th century, the first foundations for a 60-meter-high dome building were begun in the pilgrimage site according to plans by Enrico Zuccalli , the cornerstone of which had been laid by Elector Maximilian . The foundations were discovered in the 1980s while building an underground car park. A model of this construction is in the Altöttinger Heimatmuseum.

When Altötting was connected to the railway network at the end of the 19th century, the number of pilgrims rose sharply and the existing churches could no longer cope with the streams of pilgrims. So it was first thought about an expansion of the existing churches, before under the patronage of the Prince Regent (1886–1912) and later of King Ludwig III. (1912–1918) a new building was driven by the Capuchin Order .

Today's basilica was designed in the neo-baroque style by the architect Johann Baptist Schott based on the towerless facade of the monastery church of Fürstenfeld . According to the original plan, the Altötting basilica was to have two flanking towers. The general contractor was the local construction company Lehner, the construction foreman Josef Leberer was responsible for the vault construction . The church was financed by a large number of donations from all over Bavaria. After a construction period of 2½ years, the church was inaugurated on October 13, 1912 by the Bishop of Passau Sigismund Felix von Ow-Felldorf .

Furnishing

Altars

The basilica has twelve side altars and a mighty high altar.

The high altar was donated by Prince Regent Luitpold , which is why the altarpiece is crowned by the Bavarian royal coat of arms. The altar sheet shows the church patron saint St. Anna together with St. Maria . Pope Pius X is kneeling in front of it . In the left corner, Prince Regent Luitpold can be seen in the costume of the Grand Master of the Order of Hubertus, together with his great-grandson Luitpold, who died in 1914 and who, as the eldest son of Crown Prince Rupprecht, was also the heir to the throne at the time the St. Anna Church was built would have been.

facade

The front facade of the basilica is divided into three floors. On the first level are the ancestors of Christ - Adam, Abraham, Jesse and David. The four meter high statues were created by Sebastian Osterrieder in 1912 . At the top of the facade, a relief image shows the church patroness St. Anna with Mary and the baby Jesus. As a minor basilica, it bears the coat of arms of the current Pope on the outer wall above the main entrance , in contrast to many other basilicas, which show the coat of arms of the pope who elevated it to the minor basilica. In the church there are the eight coats of arms of the deceased popes from Pius X to John Paul II , which were previously placed above the main exit.

organ

There are two organs in the basilica : the great St. Mary's organ and the choir organ.

Marian organ

Marien organ St. Anna

The first basilica organ, the predecessor of today's large St. Mary's organ, was built in 1916 by the organ builder Koulen .

In 1973 the Capuchins commissioned the organ builder Gerhard Schmid to build a new instrument in the existing case of the Koulen organ. The valuable romantic registers of the previous instrument have been reused in the new instrument. The Marienorgel initially had 82 registers on five manuals and a pedal . The romantic registers in the pedal and swell are on increased wind pressure (90–180 mm), as are the chamades under the Rückpositiv (110 mm). The Spieltrakturen are mechanically, the Registertrakturen electrically. Between 1998 and 2000 the instrument was extensively revised, equipped with an electronic compositing system and re-voiced; the disposition was expanded to 86 registers. The special features of the instrument include, on the one hand, the bombing movement, which can be played from the 1st manual, and the small pedal, which as a solo movement forms an independent manual. In addition to the swell, the upper work is also designed to be swellable. The organ is one of the largest organs in southern Germany. As a result of the complete interior restoration of the basilica, the main organ was subjected to a major renovation, in which not only the entire electrical system was renewed (and thus now complies with the latest fire protection regulations), but also the bombing plant found a new place under the vault. This optimized the sound radiation of this work. The work during the basilica renovation was carried out by the Siegfried Schmid organ building workshop from Knottenried near Immenstadt. (Post-intonation: Martin Gäßner)

The organ prospectus is also remarkable . It consists of two parts. The front part, the parapet, houses the Rückpositiv, the solo work, the Chamaden (hanging in the photo and until the interior restoration of the basilica, below the Rückpositiv; since the reopening in 2015 of the basilica on the roofs of the two main work casing towers, directly below the Gewölbe) and the large pedal, with the Principal 32 'visible in the prospectus and part of the small pedal. Behind it is the case of the Koulen organ from 1916; it houses the main unit, the upper unit, the swell unit and part of the small pedal. The organ has a total height of 15 meters and extends over two galleries. Since the opening of the basilica in 2015, it can be admired again in a new splendor of sound in services and concerts. It is planned to connect the choir organ to the main organ.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3 1. Principal 8th' 2. Covered 8th' 3. Willow pipe 8th' 4th Octav 4 ′ 5. Reed flute 4 ′ 6th Octav 2 ′ 7th Little Pomeranian00 2 ′ 8th. Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3 ′ 9. Octav 1' 10. Sharp III 1' 11. Cymbel III 1 ⁄ 2 ′ 12. Krummhorn 8th' Tremulant I Bombardwerk C – g 3 13. Chamade 0000 16 ′ N 14th Chamade 8th' N 15th Chamade 4 ′ N

II Hauptwerk C – g 3 16. Principal 16 ′ 17th Octave 8th' 18th Wooden flute 8th' 19th Gemshorn 8th' 20th Great fifth 5 1 ⁄ 3 ′ 21st Octav 4 ′ 22nd Coupling flute 4 ′ 23. Pointed quint 2 2 ⁄ 3 ′ 24. Octav 2 ′ 25th third 1 3 ⁄ 5 ′ 26th Mixture VI 2 ′ 27. Sharp cymbal III 2 ⁄ 3 ′ 28. Trumpet 16 ′ 29 Trumpet 8th' 30th Trumpet 4 ′

III Upper structure (swellable) C – g 3 31. Night horn 8th' 32. Quintad 8th' 33. Pointed Gamba 8th' 34. Nasat 5 1 ⁄ 3 ′ 35. Principal 4 ′ 36. Swiss pipe 4 ′ 37. third 3 1 ⁄ 5 ′ 38. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3 ′ 39. recorder 2 ′ 40. third 1 3 ⁄ 3 ′ 41. Seventh 8 ⁄ 7 ′ 42. Octav 1' 43. Non 8 ⁄ 9 ′ 44. Undezime 8 ⁄ 11 ′ 45. Tredezime 8 ⁄ 13 ′ 46. Spicy Mix IV 000 1 1 ⁄ 3 ′ 47. Bear whistle 16 ′ 48. Vox humana 8th' Tremulant

IV Swell C – g 3 49. Bourdon 16 ′ K 50. Principal 8th' K 51. Concert flute 8th' K 52. Salicional 8th' K 53. Vox coelestis 8th' K 54. Octav 4 ′ K 55. Lull major 4 ′ K 56. Quint 2 2 ⁄ 3 ′ K 57. Piccolo 2 ′ K 58. third 1 3 ⁄ 5 ′ K 59. Cornett Mixture VI0 2 2 ⁄ 3 ′ K 60. bassoon 16 ′ K 61. oboe 8th' K 62. clarinet 8th' K 63. Cor anglais 4 ′ K Tremulant K

V Solo / small pedal C – g 3 64. Reed flute 8th' 65. Pommer 4 ′ 66. Gemshorn 000 2 ′ 67. Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3 ′ 68. Dulcian 16 ′ 69. Trumpet 8th' N 70. Clairon 4 ′ 71. Cornet v 8th' N Tremulant

Pedal C– 72. Principal 32 ′ 73. Sub-fifth 21 1 ⁄ 3 ′ 74. Octave 16 ′ 75. Sub bass 16 ′ 76. Violon 16 ′ K 77. Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3 ′ 78. Octavbass 8th' 79. cello 8th' K 80. Major third 6 2 ⁄ 5 ′ 81. Octav 4 ′ 82. Rauschbass V 0 2 2 ⁄ 3 ′ 83. Contratuba 32 ′ K 84. trombone 16 ′ 85. Trumpet 8th' 86. Trumpet 4 ′

• Coupling : V / II, IV / II, III / II, I / II, IV / III, V / III, V / P, IV / P, III / P, II / P, I / P.
• Playing aids : 5 free combinations, tutti, trigger, O, tongues off, 128-fold setter, sequencer.

Remarks

K = Max Koulen 1916

N = extension 1999/2000

1. ↑ ^{a b} Resounding.
2. ↑ Large pedal, in the brochure.
3. ↑ large pedal.

Choir organ

The choir organ was built in 1972 by the organ builder Ludwig Wastlhuber (Mößling) as an accompanying instrument for church services in the basilica choir . The purely mechanical instrument has 26 registers on two manuals and a pedal. During the basilica renovation, this instrument was also removed and completely overhauled. The work was done by the Passau organ building company Eisenbarth, which maintains the instrument .

I Hauptwerk C – g 3 1. Quintadena 16 ′ 2. Principal 8th' 3. Capstan whistle 8th' 4th Octave 4 ′ 5. Smalled up 4 ′ 6th Sharp fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 7th Octave 2 ′ 8th. Hollow clamp 2 ′ 9. Mixture VI 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 10. Trumpet 8th'

II breastwork (swellable) C – g 3 11. Wooden dacked 8th' 12. Pointed flute 8th' 13. Principal 4 ′ 14th Reed flute 4 ′ 15th Principal 2 ′ 16. Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ 17th Terzcymbel IV 2 ⁄ 3 ′ 18th Wooden crumhorn 8th' Tremulant

Pedals C – f 1 19th Principal 16 ′ 20th Sub-bass 16 ′ 21st Octave 8th' 22nd Gemshorn 8th' 23. Night horn 4 ′ 24. Biffaro II 4 ′ + 2 ′ 25th Backset V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ 26th Bombard 16 ′

• Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
• Playing aids : 2 free combinations, 1 free pedal combination, tongues off, tutti, cymbal star

Bells

Two bronze bells from the Johann Hahn bell foundry , Landshut , in the striking tones g 'and b', hang in the copper ridge tower .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Crib and Chapel Association St. Agidius, Abensberg City Museum (ed.): Sebastian Osterrieder - Festschrift for the 150th birthday , Abensberg 2014
2. ↑ More information about the organs

Web links

Commons : St. Anna (Altötting)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Pilgrimage basilica St. Anna - Altötting

Coordinates: 48 ° 13 ′ 39.7 "  N , 12 ° 40 ′ 26.2"  E