St. Cyriakus (Duderstadt)

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St. Cyriac
View from Marktstrasse to the Basilica of St. Cyriakus

View from Marktstrasse to the Basilica of St. Cyriakus

Data
place Duderstadt
builder Wilhelm Knoke (choir, 1394), Heinrich Hellmold (vault, 1490)
Architectural style Gothic
Construction year 1240-1490
height 62.5 m

The Roman Catholic Basilica of St. Cyriakus (also Propsteikirche) is the main church in Duderstadt and the Untereichsfeld . In the city it is also called the Upper Church, in the region it is called "Eichsfeld Cathedral". By a papal decree of June 17, 2015, the church was elevated to a minor basilica on October 3, 2015 .

Building history

Aerial view
South view of the basilica with the rectory (center), the old city library (left) and the city wall

The church stands on the site of a craftsmen's and merchants' settlement, which together with the royal court at St. Servatius became the core of the later city. The oldest known building at this point was a smaller Romanesque church. Nothing is known about other previous buildings of today's church; the Cyriakus - patronage but certainly goes back to the time of origin of the settlement to the 950th

The further building history reflects the growing prosperity and the self-confidence of the citizens of Duderstadt. Despite the long time it took to build, the overall picture of the church appears to be a cohesive whole.

The construction of today's church began around 1240 with the construction of the monumental early Gothic west building , which was placed in front of the Romanesque nave . However, only the northern of the two planned octagonal towers was built. A tower keeper , the so-called Tornemann, lived and worked in this for a long time , who had to warn the city of the enemy and fire. The representative portal is probably based on the main portal of the Elisabeth Church in Marburg. The tympanum shows a crescent Madonna (replaced in the Baroque era) who is venerated by angels wielding two incense casks. Inside the building, several West find with motifs from flora and fauna ornate pillar capitals .

In 1394, the Romanesque choir was replaced by the high Gothic three-bay choir with a five-sided apse . The foundation stone built into the outer wall names a Wilhelm Knoke as the leading builder.

Finally, the Romanesque nave was replaced by a Gothic nave in the form of a three-aisled staggered hall with six bays . During the construction, the new outer walls were first built around the old nave so that worship could continue undisturbed. In 1490, the Göttingen master builder Heinrich Hellmold completed the vaulting of the church, as evidenced by a keystone with his coat of arms in the north aisle. The construction was thus completed for the time being.

In 1852 large parts of the city fell victim to a devastating fire, including the roofs of the north tower and nave. In the course of reconstruction work led by Conrad Wilhelm Hase , during which the interior of the church , which was baroque around 1700 was regotified, the south tower was built based on the model of the north tower. Both towers reach a height of approx. 65 meters each.

After Whitsun 2016, an interior renovation was started, which should make the church appear brighter and friendlier through new painting and lighting concepts. It graduated in November of that year.

Furnishing

Interior with a view of the high choir since 2016
Choir room since 2016

The interior of St. Cyriakus is richly decorated with works of art that were created mainly in the Gothic and Baroque periods.

The high altar, a late Gothic winged altar , was created around 1510. In 1685 he had to give way to his baroque successor. After a restoration by Richard Moest from Cologne , during which the altar was given a new frame, it returned to its old location in 1877. When the altar is open, reliefs are visible, framed with Gothic tracery and depicting scenes from the life of Christ: the left wing is dedicated to the childhood of Jesus with scenes of the Annunciation , the birth , the circumcision and the adoration of the kings . The right wing shows Jesus' prayer in the olive garden, his arrest, flagellation and mockery. The shrine is dominated by a large representation of the Calvary , framed on the left by the scenes of the condemnation of Jesus and the carrying of the cross , on the right by the scenes of the entombment and resurrection of Christ . During Advent and Lent , the altar is closed so that a picture of the Annunciation to Mary, painted by the Duderstadt chaplain Otto von dem Hagen in 1879 based on Italian models, is visible, which is attached to the outside of the wing.

A sacrament house (north-east wall), a piscina (south-east wall) and a sedile niche (south wall) from the 15th century have been preserved in the walls of the choir polygon . The windows above the high altar were made in 1876. They are structured in a similar way to a winged altar and can be assigned to the Nazarene style. The baroque choir stalls of St. Cyriakus, in which members of the city ​​council once sat for church services , are also placed in the choir .

The late Gothic pulpit, with its sound cover added in the 19th century , is located on one of the north pillars in the middle of the main nave. From this location, the preacher can be easily heard throughout the church without amplification systems.

Life -size sculptures of the twelve apostles , which the Baroque artist Andreas Kersten created from 1678 to 1687, are attached to the cantoned pillars of the main nave and to the services in the choir . The figures of the Good Shepherd and the Blessed Virgin Mary as an apocalyptic woman , each on one side of the entrance to the choir, are by the same artist . They probably used to stand in the center of the baroque side altars. In the north aisle there are figures of St. Nikolaus von Myra and Johannes Nepomuk , which, like a group of sculptures depicting the Flight to Egypt in the entrance area of ​​the church, also come from Kersten.

In the north side choir, the so-called Johannischor, there is a Gothic relief of the Lamentation of Christ from 1490, which was probably once part of an altarpiece. The altar of God the Father or Mercy Seat , which was built around 1470, is also located here . It actually comes from the St. Martini Hospital and was only installed at its current location in the middle of the 19th century. The altar was originally a small winged altar, which was given its present-day, no longer changeable shape during the period of historicism . Nevertheless, the medieval pictorial program has been completely preserved: the left wing shows St. Mary Magdalene washing Jesus' feet. On the right wing is St. Martin von Tours depicted how, sitting on a horse, he hands half of his coat to a beggar suffering from leprosy . In the shrine surround (from left to right) the hll. Barbara , Andreas , Jakobus the Elder and Catherine of Alexandria the central representation of the mercy seat. The former wing exterior is adorned with the damaged pictures of the Trinity, the so-called "Need of God", and another representation of St. Mary Magdalene.

In the south aisle is the marble baptismal font from 1694, richly decorated with baroque shapes . The baptism of Jesus in the Jordan is depicted on its lid . A rope is attached to it, which is decorated with the figures of the Holy Spirit Dove and God the Father and makes it easier to lift the lid. In the vicinity of the baptismal font there is a richly figured relief of the holy clan , which was created at the beginning of the 16th century and probably belonged to an altarpiece.

The stations of the cross on the side aisles are works by Otto von dem Hagens from 1882.

Also noteworthy are the baroque procession and guild poles (also called guild candlesticks) that stand on the middle cheeks of the church stalls. They show, among other things, the patrons of various guilds and are carried in processions. Another special feature are the 80 figured and set keystones in the vaults, which show Christ and numerous saints. In the western part of the main nave vault there are also parts of a medieval painting, which was not completed.

St. Cyriakus also houses a large number of other figures, paintings and epitaphs , including a Baroque Madonna and a Pietà from 1870.

In the 15th and early 16th centuries, the church had an altar of James and a statue of the apostle James the Elder . The veneration of James and practical help for the pilgrims ( flowing brothers ) were particular concerns of the Duderstädter Jakobsbruderschaft, which maintained its own hospital in front of the city wall at the Steintor.

The most precious piece of the church treasure of St. Cyriakus is the Nordhausen cross , an early Gothic lecture cross, which is said to contain particles of the holy cross and other relics and is set with semi-precious stones and precious stones. In 1672 it was bought from the canons' monastery in Nordhausen.

A comprehensive interior renovation took place in 2016. The room has been painted in bright white and cream tones and has new LED lighting technology. The painting does not follow any historical model, but is a modern redesign. In the course of this renovation, some new pieces of equipment , such as an Easter candlestick and an eternal light, were purchased.

  • High altar retable (around 1480)

  • God the Father or Mercy Seat Altar (around 1470)

  • Baroque font (before the interior renovation 2016)

  • Procession poles in the main nave

  • Nordhausen Cross

Creutzburg organ

Creutzburg organ from 1735 and the medieval vault frescos (after the interior renovation in 2016)
Prospectus of the organ (before the interior renovation 2016)

On April 23, 1733, the organ builder Johannes Creutzburg began work on the large organ in Duderstadt , as he noted in his workshop and diary, which still exists today. Elsewhere he notes: In 1735 the organ in Duderstadt was finished . In Duderstadt, Creutzburg created his largest and most important work of his 14 verifiable organ buildings.

The organ was one of the most outstanding works between Thuringia and the Harz Mountains because of its generous equipment with 41 stops on three manuals and pedal . It stood on an equal footing with the instruments of Heinrich Gottfried Trost, Johann Friedrich Wender , Johann Christian Dauphin and Christoph Treutmann . In the course of time she underwent five major interventions, which were subject to the taste of the time. Not all of them were of the desired quality. After a long preparatory phase, the organ building company Eule from Bautzen carried out a restoration in 2005/2006 that was largely based on Creutzburg's original. A few stops from later extensions are also retained, a new one is added to the disposition (Unda maris 8 ′). The register lettering on the gaming table allows these later ingredients to be recognized by a font from the respective time of origin.

During the last restoration, the vaunted and frequently cited register Vox humana (human voice ) was completely reconstructed. In Creutzburg's workshop book there are u. a. Scale specifications and sketches for the construction of this register part. In addition, some bells survived the various conversions. Joseph Maria Homeyer , 1867–1894 organist at St. Cyriakus and a well-known concert virtuoso, reports from this register that he only found similar voces humanae on his numerous concert tours in Haarlem ( Netherlands ) and in Freiburg ( Switzerland ).

The color version of the rich prospectus is in the original state of the time of creation, despite slight later additions. The sculptor E. Merten, the painter D. Contzen and the wood turner JC Riepenhausen were involved in the case work. In the 19th century, the pedal towers were moved almost two meters forward to make room for further registers. During the last restoration, the restorer Reinhold Gonschior limited himself to careful cleaning, a few retouching and color adjustments.

Today's disposition

(in original notation)

I Hauptwerk C, Dd 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Unda maris (from c 1 ) 8th'
3. Drone 16 ′
4th Viola di gamba 8th'
5. Gemshorn 8th'
6th Dumped 8th'
7th Octav 4 ′
8th. Pointed flute 4 ′
9. Quinta 3 ′
10. Super octav 2 ′
11. Tertia 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
12. Cornett IV
13. Mixture VI
14th Trompeta 8th'
II Upper positive C, Dd 3
15th Principal 4 ′
16. Quintadehna 8th'
17th Spitzflöta 8th'
18th Dumped 4 ′
19th Quintflöta 3 ′
20th Octav 2 ′
21st Nachtflöta 2 ′
22nd Sexquialtera II
23. Scharff IV
24. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant
III breastwork C, Dd 3
25th Dumped 8th'
26th Rohrflöta 4 ′
27. Principal 2 ′
28. Flageolet 2 ′
29 Quinta 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′
30th Cymbal II
31. bassoon 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C, Dd 1
32. Pedestal 32 ′
33. Principal 16 ′
34. Sub Bas 16 ′
35. Octav 8th'
36. Dumped 8th'
37. Octav 4 '
38. Mixture VI
39. Trumpets Bas 16 ′
40. Trompeta 8th'
Chest pedal (side bass)
41. Principal 2 ′
42. Waldflöta 1'
43. Cornet 4 ′
  • Coupling : II / I (sliding coupling), I / P; Cammerthon Coppel in III (2 × 1 HT)
  • Secondary register: 2 Zymbelsterne (on C and G), Vogelgeßang (several pipes in a water basin)
  • Technical specifications
    • Tuning pitch 471.2 Hz at 15 °
    • Tuning: Neidhardt II (1724)
    • Wind supply through six wedge bellows (limestone operation possible)
    • Wind pressure: Manual 80 mm WS, pedal 88 mm WS

Bells

Bell window (19th century) on the gallery staircase in the southern west wing (photo 2011)

Historical chime

It is known from the historical peal that it consisted of five bells. Johann Wolf writes about this: The quite excellent peal, which is not easy to come across in another city of the same size, is perfectly appropriate for the handsome building. For this purpose, two large bells (including the so-called Vesper bell with the striking note b / h 0 ), two medium- sized bells and one small one, which go together extremely well. One of the larger ones was cast by a citizen of Erfurt in 1367, according to the writing on it: IN CRASTINO CORPORIS Xpi. ME. FECIT. IOHES D. VSLEVE. CIVIS REQUIRES ANNO DNI MCCCLXVII. (Note: […] Johannes von Uslar from Erfurt, 1367).

Another bell, which was cast for the St. Cyriakus Church on behalf of the citizens of Duderstadt, hangs today in the pilgrimage church in Gottsbüren in the Kassel district . The instrument probably dates from the middle of the 13th century and has a diameter of 63 cm. Its Latin inscription in Gothic capital letters reads:

O REX GLORIE · VENI · CVM · PAƧE · DEVƧ · HOMO · FACTVM · ​​EƧT · QVI · PRO NOBIƧ · PAƧƧVƧ · EƧT · + SIVITAƧ · DE · DVDERƧTAT · ME · DEDIT + LENƧICO · ME · FEƧIT · +
(O King of Honor, come with peace. God was made into a man who suffered for us. The citizens of Duderstadt gave me. Lensico made me.) 

The bell was interpreted in 1944 by Heinrich Wenzel in his Hessian Glockenkunde as a foundation of the city of Duderstadt for the church in Gottsbüren. Today it is assumed that the instrument was probably exchanged for papist church utensils after the Reformation and that it was brought from St. Cyriakus to Gottsbüren.

Bells after the town fire in 1852

During the great fire in September 1852, the roofs and towers of the St. Cyriakus Church were destroyed, as was the historical bell. In January 1853 a new gospel bell could be hung up in the rebuilt roof turret. After the completion of the south tower, which has been missing since the Middle Ages, a new main bell followed in 1861, which was hung in the two belfry that still exists today. In 1865 two new steel clock bells were procured, each hanging in an open dormer in the tops of the main towers facing Marktstrasse.

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Caster
  		∅
(mm) 		Weight
(kg) 		Nominal
(16th note) 		annotation
 
1 Vespers bell ( Maria ) 1861 Jauck, Leipzig approx. 2200 approx. 5095 f sharp 0 South tower
2 Prayer bell ( Laurentius ) circa 1760 circa 2840 a 0 North tower
3 Cyriacus circa 1400 circa 1460 cis 1
4th Christ approx. 1050 approx. 614 f sharp 1 South tower
5 Gospel bell 1853 Supporter, Benneckenstein about 600 approx. 139 e 2 Roof turret (cast in 1873)
I. Big clock bell 1865 Bochum Association about 800 ? c sharp 2 1/1 hour beat
II Small clock bell approx. 570 ? f sharp 2 1/4 hour beat

In the summer of 1917 the three large Jauck bells and the gospel bell, which was cast in 1873, were delivered for war purposes. The f sharp 1 bell was initially retained and was accepted in payment in 1923 by the Otto bell foundry from Hemelingen for the new six-part bell. Otto first cast the four small bells in the same year, then the two large bells in 1931. The intended disposition was: as 0 c 1 es 1 f 1 g 1 as 1 . However, the striking line was not hit cleanly. In World War II, these bells were lost. Only the gospel bell (Otto, 1922) in the roof turret remained. It is a gift from the foundry whose founders, Karl and Franz Otto, were born in Duderstadt in 1833. The Otto's not only supplied bronze bells for the Catholic Cyriakus Church (in 1922, 1923, 1931 and after the war in 1951), but also for the Protestant St. Servatius Church, the Ursuline Convent and the Gregorian Convent.

Present stock

Marienglocke (Otto, 1951) in the north tower on the historic Holzjoch von Jauck (1861)

In 1951, the Otto bell, which was expropriated in August 1942, was re-cast. Initially only the four smaller bells were replaced. The two missing basic bells were not added until 2011. On November 11, 2011, St. Martin's Day, the full bell rang for the first time. The hl. Martin is the state and patron saint of the Eichsfeld. The gospel bell (Otto, 1922) in the roof turret has been equipped with an electric drive for the first time since April 2011 and has been ringing again since Easter 2011 for the gospel in the main service and for the baptismal rite. The bell sign for the proclamation of the Gospel is an old Christian custom that has been documented in Duderstadt and the Eichsfeld since the Middle Ages.

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Caster
  		∅
(mm) 		Weight
(kg) 		Nominal
(16th note) 		annotation
 
1 Gloriosa (Christ Bell) 2011 Bachert, Karlsruhe 2090 circa 5686 as 0 Main bell / south tower
2 Dominica ( ecumenical / Eichsfeld bell ) 1670 approx. 2900 c 1 Main bell / north tower
3 Maria 1951 Otto, Hemelingen 1391 circa 1650 it 1
4th Cecilia 1238 circa 1150 f 1 Main bell / south tower
5 Joseph 1106 about 800 g 1
6th Franciscus (Franz Xaver) 1040 about 700 as 1
7th Gospel Bell ( Johannes Baptist ) 1922 589 about 140 f 2 Choir rider
I. Big clock bell 1865 Bochum Association about 800 ? c sharp 2 1/1 hour strike / south tower tip
II Small clock bell approx. 570 ? f sharp 2 1/4 hour strike / north tower tip

Parish

The parish of St. Cyriakus belongs to the dean's office Untereichsfeld in the diocese of Hildesheim . On March 1, 2004, the deanery Untereichsfeld was established, it was created through the dissolution and amalgamation of the deaneries Duderstadt and Gieboldehausen-Lindau. Since November 1, 2014, the parish of St. Cyriakus includes the Church of the Annunciation in Breitenberg , St. Mary's Birth in Gerblingerode , St. Andreas in Mingerode , St. Nikolaus in Tiftlingerode and St. Johannes Baptist in Westerode . In the area of ​​the parish are also the Liebfrauenkirche (church of the Ursuline convent ), the St. Martini hospital ( hospital of the Hildesheim Vinzentinerinnen ) with the house chapel St. Martin and the "Ferienparadies Pferdeberg" (a holiday resort of the Kolping Society , also with a house chapel) .

See also

literature

  • Maria Kapp, in: The churches in Eichsfeld. Church and art guides. Association for Eichsfeldische Heimatkunde […] e. V. (Ed.), Duderstadt 2005, pp. 60ff. ISBN 3-936617-41-4
  • Karl Kollmann , in: Nice old Duderstadt. Mecke Druck und Verlag, Duderstadt 1982, p. 49ff. ISBN 3-923453-00-0
  • The Duderstadt parish churches. Mecke Printing and Publishing, Duderstadt 1988.
  • Wulf Schadendorf: St. Cyriakus zu Duderstadt ( Small Art Guide for Lower Saxony , Issue 13). Göttingen 1955
  • Matthias Nolte: The provost church St. Cyriakus in Duderstadt and the branch churches. Mecke Printing and Publishing, Duderstadt 2012
  • Renate Kumm: The Diocese of Hildesheim in the post-war period. Investigation of a diaspora diocese from the end of the Second World War to the Second Vatican Council (1945 to 1965). Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hanover 2002, pp. 209-216

Web links

Commons : St. Cyriakus (Duderstadt)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ P. Aufgebauer : “For the benefit of the pilgrims of St. James”. A Duderstädter Brotherhood and its Hospital , in: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch 17, 2009, pp. 49-62.
  2. ^ R. Menger, in: The organ of Johannes Creutzburg zu Duderstadt. Festschrift for the re-inauguration. Association for the Promotion of the Restoration of the Creutzburg Organ V. (Ed.), 2006, p. 13
  3. ↑ K. Kollmann, in: Beautiful old Duderstadt. Duderstadt 1982, p. 64
  4. ↑ P. Heggemann in: Ars Organi. 55th year, issue 3, September 2008, p. 182
  5. ↑ P. Heggemann, in: The organ of John Creutzburg to Duderstadt. Festschrift for the re-inauguration. Association for the Promotion of the Restoration of the Creutzburg Organ V. (Ed.), 2006, p. 24ff. The spelling shown here corresponds to the original register lettering on the organ console.
  6. ↑ Bishop. Commissariatsarchiv Duderstadt, file No. 1078, note H. (conf. Homeyer)
  7. ^ J. Wolf: History and description of the city of Duderstadt. Göttingen 1803, p. 250 (Inscription incomplete, see note in J. Wolf, p. 250)
  8. ↑ a b Sabine Wehking, DI 66, Landkreis Göttingen, No. 1a in: www.inschriften.net (Deutsche Insschriften online), urn: nbn: de: 0238-di066g012k00001a3 , accessed on April 30, 2019
  9. ^ Heinrich Wenzel: Hessische Glockenkunde. Hofgeismar district . tape 13 . Kassel 1941, p. 38 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ C. Lerch: Duderstädter Chronik. Duderstadt 1979, p. 154ff.
  11. ↑ City Archives Duderstadt: Sign Dud 2, No. 10202
  12. ↑ Stadtarchiv Duderstadt: Sign Dud 2, No. 10195, p. 115ff.
  13. ↑ a b City Archives Duderstadt: Sign Dud 2, No. 15439
  14. ↑ City Archives Duderstadt: Sign Dud 2, No. 10195, p. 7
  15. ↑ City Archive Duderstadt: Sign Dud 2, No. 4280a.
  16. ^ H. Pfeiffer, T. Rudolph: Duderstädter Glockengeschichte, Festschrift 2011
  17. ^ H. Pfeiffer, T. Rudolph: Duderstädter Glockengeschichte, Festschrift 2011
  18. ↑ Bishop. Commissioner. Archive Duderstadt, file 16, report Propst Stübe
  19. ↑ C. Lerch: Duderstädter Chronik. Duderstadt 1979, p. 183ff.
  20. ↑ B. sacrifice man: shaping the calibration field. Heiligenstadt 1999, p. 266
  21. ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588 , here in particular pp. 77, 250-253, 521, 524, 536, 549, 574, 577, 578, 579, 582 .
  22. ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556 , here in particular pp. 48, 96, 232-235, 485, 496, 505, 5329, 536, 539, 541, 547, 579, 582 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (dissertation an the Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen).
  23. ↑ Further information on the bell
  24. ↑ A. Philipp, bell expert (main bell and choir bell) / Duderstadt City Archives: Sign Dud 2, No. 10202 (clock chimes)
  25. ↑ C. Lerch: Duderstädter Chronik. Duderstadt 1979, p. 184/201, approximate weights
  26. ↑ A. Philipp, bell expert (choir bell) / City Archives Duderstadt: Sign Dud 2, No. 10202 (clock bells)
  27. ↑ Episcopal General Vicariate (ed.): Kirchlicher Anzeiger. No. 2/2004, Hildesheim 2004, p. 35

Coordinates: 51 ° 30 ′ 45.4 "  N , 10 ° 15 ′ 49.7"  E