St. Jakob Basilica (Straubing)

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View of the Sankt Jakob Straubing Basilica
Interior of the basilica

The St. Jakob Basilica is a Gothic hall church and the largest main church in the city of Straubing . In 1581 the canons of Pfaffenmünster were transferred to St. Jakob in the course of the Counter Reformation . Since then, the former collegiate church has St. Tiburtius as the second church patron.

The church was built around 1400 according to the plans of the builder Hans von Burghausen . The three-aisled nave, surrounded by a wreath of 20 side chapels, was completed around 1512. Particularly striking is the tower , which was only completed at the end of the 16th century, with its slender and pointed onion dome . With a height of 89.50 meters, it is the highest church tower in the Gäuboden and one of Straubing's landmarks. On July 23, 1989, Pope John Paul II elevated the collegiate church to a minor basilica with the apostolic letter Sancti profecto . In July 2016, after 18 years, the general renovation work was completed.

Furnishing

High altar

High altar

The high altar of the collegiate church is from 1486 and comes from the St. Veit monastery in Nuremberg . In the shrine of the altar the figures of Mary with child, the church patrons James and Tiburtius, as well as Mary Magdalene and St. Leonhard are depicted. The current altar is a neo-Gothic altar containing the shrine from 1486 described above. He has two pairs of wings with eight paintings. In the open state (holiday side), the "Resurrection of the Lord" and the "Coronation of Mary" can be seen. When the wings are simply closed (weekday side), there are paintings with the motifs “Depiction of the Child in the Temple”, “Adoration of the Magi”, “Ascension of Christ” and the “Spiritual Mission”. These six paintings are attributed to the workshop of Michael Wolgemut , Dürer's teacher. If the wings are closed twice (Lent), two images from 1895 are presented: "Jesus meets the weeping women" and "Lamentation of Christ". The back of the shrine is decorated with a three-part painting from 1895: "Transfiguration on Mount Tabor ".

pulpit

Rococo pulpit

The most splendid piece of equipment from the Rococo period is the grand pulpit . It was created in 1752 by the electoral sculptor Wenzel Myrowsky, who did not complete it. The Straubing master joiner Johann Heinrich Klembt was commissioned to manufacture the stairs. The stucco plasterer Mathias Obermayr from Straubing created the rococo robe . Among the abundant jewelry, the figures of St. Jacob , who dominates the pulpit with a puto (with a palm tree and wreath of flowers), the seven angels with their attributes (anchor, candle, Gospel book, tablets of the law and cross, ears of corn and grapes, sword and Palm fronds) and the reliefs on the basket (four evangelists, St. Florian ) and stairs (martyrdom of St. Sebastian and Laurentius , Our Lady of Altötting ). The mighty pulpit can be entered through a splendidly executed gate adorned with a bust of St. John Nepomuk and an angel with a cross and a padlock, the sign of secrecy. Two other reliefs are attached to the door (confession of Queen Johanna to St. John Nepomuk and his martyrdom).

Sacrament House

A little northeast of the high altar on a template, the sacrament house grows out of the ground up to the clear height of the vault. Its substance dates from the end of the 15th century; the base, sculptures and tabernacle shrine are renewed around 1900. Once a year, from Maundy Thursday to Easter Sunday , it is in use when, after a solemn procession through the basilica, the Holy of Holies is deposited there and worshiped during a night of prayer.

Cross altar

Not only since the liturgical reform as part of the Second Vatican Council, but since the end of the 15th century, the Altarmensa between the fourth pair of columns from the east has served as a celebration altar. Originally a crucifixion group - created in 1783 by the Straubing sculptor Franz Xaver Keller (1752–1827) - stood on it.

High window

Glass painting Psächsenkapelle ~ 1418
Moses window

The glass paintings are likely to have the greatest art historical value . In addition to the Regensburg Cathedral and the St. Martin Basilica in Amberg , St. Jakob has the most extensive inventory of medieval and neo-Gothic windows. Glass paintings from the end of the 15th century are presented in four tall windows. One thing should be particularly emphasized. In the high window above the Joseph Chapel, the handing over of the tablets of the Law to Moses by God is shown in such fresh and bold colors that a date around 1490 is surprising. The design was attributed to Wilhelm Pleydenwurff (1450–1494), a student of Michael Wolgemut. According to new findings, the design for the so-called Moses window comes from Albrecht Dürer . It was made in Veit Hirschvogel's workshop . The other remaining church windows were decorated with glass paintings by the companies Zettler and Ostermann and Hartwein as part of the restoration from 1895 to 1908 .

Organ system

St. Jakob had a long organ tradition. There was evidence of an organ as early as 1433 . In 1524 Thomas Altenburger from Regensburg built an instrument, which was replaced in 1691 by a new work by an organ builder who has not been handed down. This was followed by a new building around 1785 by Johann Peter Plersch . The scope and the disposition of the instruments are not recorded.

organ

In 1898 Borgias Maerz built a new organ as his Opus 357. It had three manuals and 37  stops . The pipes stood on pneumatic cone chests , a modern system at the time, which also made it possible to set up a free-standing gaming table equipped with numerous playing aids . The instrument was modified by Michael Weise in 1934 and expanded in 1947.

In 1964 and 1967 the work was dismantled by master organ builder Friedrich Meier and, for acoustic reasons, replaced by an organ system consisting of the main organ with 60 registers (4,366 pipes) and the choir organ with 17 registers (1,482 pipes). The latter could be played from a separate console in the church choir or via the fifth manual of the main console in the gallery. It could also be played with the main organ (played on one or two other manuals and pedal). Conversely, it was possible to use 30 registers of the main organ from the console of the choir organ. In total, the two organs of the basilica had 5848 pipes, which were distributed over a total of 77 registers.

For over 20 years, the St. Jakob Straubing Organ Building Association has been trying to support the St. Jakob parish in financing a new main organ (and later also a choir organ). The main organ was dismantled in 2018 to make room for the erection of a new organ by the Eule company . The new organ has been under construction since August 5th, 2019. The inauguration planned for December 2019 was repeated several times. a. postponed due to Corona . The organ was consecrated on July 19, 2020 in a festive service due to corona after an exception regulation by Pastor Jakob Hofmann. Larger celebrations with concerts are expected to take place on the weekend of Christmas King Sunday (end of November 2020). The new organ system with two gaming tables has a total of 100 stops, including six extensions and five transmissions. A remote plant in the attic of the church is also being set up. The sounds of this part of the work are conducted through the Heiliggeistloch into the interior of the church. In addition to the historic case of the Maerz organ from 1898, Maerz pipes preserved in eight registers of the main organ are also used.

Main organ

The main organ has 85 registers, divided into four manual works and a pedal. The 5 registers of the solo work and the registers of the remote work each form independent works which can be linked to all manuals and the pedal. The disposition is as follows:

I main work C – c 4
01. Principal 16 ′
02. Principal major 08th'
03. Principal minor 08th'
04th Flute major 08th'
05. Gamba 08th'
06th Amorosa 08th' (M)
07th Octave 04 ′
08th. Gemshorn 04 ′ (M)
09. Fifth 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Octave 02 ′
11. Mixture major V 02 ′
12. Cornett II-V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
13. Trombones 16 ′
14th Trumpet 08th'
II upper structure C – c 4
15th Quintatön 16 ′
16. Principal 08th'
17th Double flute 08th'
18th Reed flute 08th' (M)
19th Salicional 08th'
20th Unda maris (from c 0 ) 08th'
21st Octave 04 ′ (M)
22nd recorder 04 ′
23. Nassat 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
24. Forest flute 02 ′
25th third 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
26th Fifth 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
27. Sif flute 01'
28. Mixture minor IV 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
29 bassoon 16 ′
30th Cromorne 08th'
Tremulant
Celesta
III Récit-Orchestral C – c 4
31. Viola d´amour 16 ′
32. Violin principal 08th'
33. Flute harmonique 08th'
34. Viol d'orchestre 08th'
35. Violes célestes (from c 0 ) 08th'
36. Violin octave 04 ′
37. Flute octaviante 04 ′
38. violin 04 ′
39. Nazard harmonique 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
40. Octavine 02 ′
41. Tierce Harmonique 01 3 ⁄ 5  ′
42. Violcornett III 03 1 ⁄ 5  ′
43. Progressio III-V 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′ (M)
44. Basson 16 ′
45. Trompette harmonique 08th'
46. Hautbois 08th'
47. Clairon harmonique 04 ′
Tremulant
IV echo swell C – c 4
48. Darling Dumped 16 ′
49. Concert flute 08th'
50. Tibia 08th' (M)
51. Delicately packed 08th'
52. Aeoline 08th'
53. Vox coelestis (from c 0 ) 08th'
54. Flauto traverso 04 ′
55. Salicet 04 ′ (M)
56. Flautino 02 ′ (M)
57. Harmonia aetherea II-III 02 ′
58. oboe 08th'
59. Voix humaine 08th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – g 1
60. Stand (Ext. No. 64) 32 ′
61. Major bass 16 ′
62. Principal (= No. 1) 16 ′
63. Violon 16 ′
64. Sub-bass 16 ′
65. Harmonica (= No. 31) 16 ′
66. Gedackt (= No. 48) 16 ′
(Continued pedal)
67. Octave bass 08th'
68. Flute bass 08th'
69. violoncello 08th'
70. Chorale bass 04 ′
71. Mixture IV 02 2 ⁄ 3  ′
72. Contraposaune (Ext. No. 73) 32 ′
73. trombone 16 ′
74. Trumpet 08th'
75. Clarine 04 ′
Solo work C-c 4
76. Melody 08th'
77. French horn 08th'
78. Clarinet (Ext. No. 79) 16 ′
79. Clarinet 08th'
80. Tuba sonora 08th'
Fernwerk C-c 4
81. Bourdon doux 000000 8th'
82. viola 8th'
83. Vox angelica 8th'
84. Vox humana 8th'
Tremulant


Remote pedal C – g 1
85. Fernbass (Ext. No. 81) 0 16 ′
  • annotation
(M) = Register of Maerz
  1. ↑ a b Floating Division.
  2. ↑ Letterpress.
  3. ↑ Housed in the swell (Manual IV).

Choir organ

The choir organ is currently under construction. The instrument has 19 stops, including 2 transmissions and 2 extended stops on two manuals and pedal. The disposition is:

I main work C – c 4
01. Salicional 16 ′
02. Praestant 08th'
03. teller 08th'
04th Biffara 08th'
05. Octave 04 ′
06th Octave 02 ′
07th Mixture III 01 1 ⁄ 3  ′
08th. Tuba mirabilis 08th'
II Swell C – c 4
09. Dumped 8th'
10. Distance flute 8th'
11. Viola d'amour 0 8th'
12. Transverse flute 4 ′
13. Piccolo 2 ′
14th Cor anglais 8th'
Tremulant
Pedals C – g 1
15th Sub-bass 16 ′
16. Salicional bass (= No. 1) 00 16 ′
17th Gedacktbass (Ext. No. 15) 08th'
18th Salicet bass (= No. 1) 08th'
19th Tuba (ext. No.8) 16 ′
  • Pairing :
    • Normal coupling: II / I, III / I, III / II, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III, I / P, II / P, III / P, IV / P
    • Super octave coupling: III / I, III / III, IV / I, IV / IV, III / P, ChorSW / ChorSW, Solo / Solo, FW / FW;
    • Sub-octave coupling: III / I, III / III, IV / I, IV / III, IV / IV, ChorSW / ChorSW, FW / FW
    • Participants: choir organ / HW, choir organ / SW, solo work and remote work on I, II, III, IV, P
  • Playing aids : 4 swell kicks: III, IV, choir organ, FernWerk / Clar. with coupler; Roller (with 4 programs); Setter system; Additional tuba sonora for all keyboards, in P additionally as 4 ′; Switch for Celesta to Man. II + III

Bells

With 10 bells, St. Jakob has the largest ring in the diocese of Regensburg. Bells 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were cast by Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling in Apolda in 1948 . Bells 1, 3 and 6 (made in the original Schilling rib) were added in 2001. With this measure, the upper of the two belfry, previously made of iron, had to be replaced by a double-decker made of oak. The lower one, already 200 years old, made of wood and in good condition, has been restored. Since this renovation, three bells have hung (as before) on the fifth tower floor and - now new - seven bells on the sixth tower floor. The very unusual tone sequence - with one exception only whole and semitone steps - offers a rich selection of partial motifs.

Asam altar
Wall fresco v. Joh. Adam Schöpf
No. Surname Weight
(kg) 		Diameter
(cm) 		Nominal
1 Diocese bell 6010 214 g 0
2 Christ the King bell 4000 184 a 0
3 European bell 3036 172 b 0
4th Marienbell 2300 156 c 1
5 Parish bell 1600 138 d 1
6th Bell of life 1226 125 e 1
7th Mission bell 900 115 f 1
8th Prayer bell 640 103 g 1
9 Sacrament bell 460 92 a 1
10 Death knell 260 77 c 2

Ringing order

  • Easter / Christmas / Pentecost / Solemnity of St. James / St. Wolfgang: 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1.
  • Solemn feasts of the Lord, Mother of God and the saints, which are holidays / Sundays in Easter time: 10 - 9 - 8 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 2;
  • Advent and Lent Sundays: 8 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 2
  • Sundays in the annual cycle: 8 - 7 - 5 - 4 - 3
  • Weekday mass: 10 - 9 - 8 - 7
  • Angelus: 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 a.m., weekdays 4:00 a.m., Sundays and holidays 3 at 12:00 a.m., evenings: (depending on how dark it was) 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m.
  • On Friday at 3:00 p.m., bell 2, the Christ the King bell, can be heard ringing at the hour of Christ's death.
  • Sunday ring in: Saturday 15:00
  • - Sundays during Advent and Lent: 8 - 6 - 5/6 - 5 - 4/5 - 4 - 2/8 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 2.
  • - Sundays during Christmas and Easter: 10 - 9 - 8 - 6/9 - 8 - 6 - 5/8 - 6 - 5 - 4/6 - 5 - 4 - 2/10 - 9 - 8 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 2.
  • - Sundays in the annual cycle: 8 - 7 - 5/7 - 5 - 4/5 - 4 - 3/8 - 7 - 5 - 4 - 3.
  • The festival starts before Christmas, Pentecost and the patronage festival. The Patroziumusfest falls regularly on a weekend. 10 - 9 - 8 - 7/9 - 8 - 6 - 5/6 - 5 - 4 - 2/5 - 4 - 3 - 1/10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1.

Dimensions

  • Length: Outside: 89 m
  • Width: 28 m
  • Height of the vault: 21 m
  • Base area: 2132 m 2
  • Tower height: 89.50 m

literature

  • Franz Forchheimer: The late Gothic hall church St. Jakob . In: Karl Bosl (Ed.): Straubing. The old and the new face of a city in the old Bavarian heartland. Festschrift on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the foundation . City of Straubing, Straubing 1968, DNB  458266620 , p. 103-145 .
  • Alfons Huber: St. Jakob zu Straubing. Elevation to the basilica. Church and parish of St. Jakob in the past and present . Catholic Parish Church Foundation Sankt Jakob, Straubing 1989.
  • Hermann Reidel, Alfons Huber: Straubing St. Jakob . 9th edition. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2001, ISBN 3-7954-4602-3 .

Web links

Commons : St. Jakob and St. Tiburtius (Straubing)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ioannes Paulus II .: Litt. Apost. Sancti profecto. In: Acta Apostolicae Sedis . 81, No. 10, 1989, p. 1090s.
  2. ↑ Organ Database Bavaria, Version 5 (2009), ed. by Michael Bernhard.
  3. ^ Stefan Hammermayer: Bavarian organ building at the turn of the century. Franz Borgias March (1848–1910) . Wiedemann, Bad Reichenhall 1999, ISBN 3-00-004382-9 , p. 112 .
  4. ↑ Information on the organ building project , accessed on May 7, 2019
  5. ↑ Straubinger Tagblatt : The organ of the basilica is growing Report of 23 August 2019, p. 28
  6. ↑ Straubinger Tagblatt: The new queen sounds great Report from July 20, 2020, p. 23
  7. ↑ http://www.st-jakob-straubing.de/ , accessed on July 11, 2020
  8. ↑ Straubinger Tagblatt: The Holy Spirit floats down .. Report from January 25, 2020, p. 43.
  9. ↑ Disposition of the new owl organ , accessed on December 19, 2019.

Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ′ 58 ″  N , 12 ° 34 ′ 5 ″  E