Pilgrimage Church of St. Ida (Herzfeld)
The parish church Basilica St. Ida is a Catholic pilgrimage church in honor of Saint Ida in Herzfeld (Gem. Lippetal / Westphalia) .
History and architecture
Predecessor churches
The first previous church was built from hewn stones around 790 at the instigation of the Franconian Countess Ida and her husband Duke Egbert. The property, the Königshof Herzfeld, was given to Ida and Egbert by Charlemagne . The foundations of this structure were excavated from 1975 to 1976. Remains are preserved in the Ida grave. After Egbert's death, a portico was built over his grave on the south side of the church . Ida died on September 4, 825, her grave became the first place of pilgrimage in Westphalia. Duke Liudolf of Saxony was a grandson of Ida; He buried his son, who died young, next to Ida's grave. Another son of Liudolf gave the royal court and the church to the Benedictine monastery in Werden in 898. From now on, monks took over the parish in Herzfeld and promoted the worship of Ida. A tower was built around 900 on the west side. Ida was canonized on November 26, 980 . Her bones were then placed in a precious coffin. Around 1200 the portico was enlarged in a ring due to the increase in pilgrimages .
In the 13th century a new church was built in the transitional style. Wolf Heidenreich von Lüdinghausen, who later became the bishop of Münster, donated an ever-burning light for the Ida shrine in 1371 . During the Soest feud , the church was looted by Soest troops, and the Ida shrine was probably stolen. The bones rested in a wooden container afterwards. Around 1500 the church was extended by a vault to the east, and a new organ was purchased at the same time. A new Ida shrine was made around 1510. An Idenrast was first mentioned in 1512, this was broken up by Spanish troops in 1591. During the Thirty Years' War the church was devastated in 1621 by the Tollen Christian and his troops. Hessian troops looted the church in 1634 and also destroyed the restored Idenrast; The Ida Shrine from 1510 was also destroyed in these raids. A wooden ark, adorned with the intact roof panels of the shrine, held the bones. A new Idenrast was set up in 1673. Due to the increasing number of pilgrims, the portico from the 12th century was demolished and replaced by a much larger new building. The Werden monastery was dissolved in 1802, the main reliquary of the Ida and the Idenvita of the monk Uffing were brought to Herzfeld. In 1805, Pope Pius VII granted a perfect indulgence for all time to the faithful who worship St. Ida in church on September 4th or November 26th. Using the shrine's roof panels from the 16th century, a new Ida shrine was built in 1852.
New Church
The demolition of the old church began on May 26, 1900; the groundbreaking ceremony took place on September 4, 1900. The new church and chapel were consecrated on May 13, 1903 by Bishop Hermann Jakob Dingelstad from Münster. During excavations between 1975 and 1976, remains of the foundations of the portico from 811 and the empty grave of Ida were found. At the same time, the Ida shrine was extensively restored. From 1978 to 1980 the crypt was expanded to protect the Ida grave and the remains of the foundations of the early church; a connection between the sarcophagus and the shrine and the altar in the upper church was created. A hurricane-like storm tore the tower helmet from its anchorage in 1983 and twisted it a few degrees. After attaching a concrete ring, it was returned to its original position. From 1991 to 2001, as part of an extensive renovation, the entire outer masonry and the window frames were replaced. A ring anchor had to be inserted into the upper masonry. The entire interior was restored in 2002 and the interior was repainted.
The neo-Gothic basilica with four bays, a polygonal closed choir , a transept and a southern chapel extension was built according to a design by the architect Lambert von Fisenne . The western tower, which defines the townscape, is visible from afar. The external building, veneered with trachyte, is structured by skylights with pointed helmets, buttresses, tracery windows and eyelashes over the portals. The interior is very uniform. Star vaults were drawn into the central nave and ribbed vaults into the side aisles. At the entrance to the crypt there is a pointed arch over bud capitals, it is probably preserved from the main portal of the previous building.
The municipality of Lippetal entered the church on December 31, 1984 in the list of architectural monuments in Lippetal . On July 11, 2011, it was announced that the Church of Pope Benedict XVI. was raised to the minor basilica .
Furnishing
Of particular importance are the carved altars, which - like other furnishings - come from the so-called Wiedenbrück school .
High altar
The five choir windows surround the neo-Gothic winged altar with large, colored picture panels, they show the Adoration of the Wise Men, the Wedding at Canaa, the Last Supper and the Resurrection of Christ. The altar has an abundance of figurative and ornamental carvings. On each side of the tabernacle are the figures of the twelve apostles. The Annunciation to Mary is depicted on the doors of the tabernacle. Above the tabernacle there is an exposure niche with a representation of the "mercy throne". The end of the altar is a three-door vent in graceful Gothic shapes. It depicts the resurrected blessing with the flag of victory, Saint Juliana of Liège with a monstrance and Saint Barbara with a chalice, book and sword. When the altar wings are closed, paintings of the Ascension of Jesus and the Spiritual Mission can be seen, as well as the figures of Peter and Paul to the side. Below the cafeteria are pictures of the four evangelists and the Easter lamb painted on a gold background.
Passion altar
The impressive Gothic Passion paintings from the high altar of the old church are in the altar of the south aisle . They were created at the end of the 15th century in the workshop of the master of the Osnabrück St. John's Altarpiece . The Entombment and Resurrection are depicted on the right-hand side, the Fall under the Cross and the crowning of thorns on the left. In the middle, the Lamentation of Christ and, as a neo-Gothic work from around 1900, Mary on the Way of the Cross, are shown. What is striking about the figures of the 15th century is the masterful design of the facial features, in which various emotional movements such as sadness, pity, joy, anger, hatred and mockery are reflected. On the front of the altar substructure are the colored pictures of the four great prophets and Moses .
Joseph Altar
The Joseph altar with neo-Gothic colored reliefs is in the apse of the north aisle. On the left there is a rare depiction of the marriage of Mary and Joseph, in the middle the domestic life in Nazareth and on the right the death of Joseph. At the bottom in front of the altar are three colored pictures depicting the flight into Egypt, the holy family and Mary and Joseph in search of their lost child.
Baptismal font
The Gothic baptismal font dates from 1520. It stands in front of the high altar. The side reliefs show u. a. the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan, the crucifixion of Christ, the resurrection and the promise of the new earth, thus pointing to the importance of baptism as a sacrament of death and resurrection. On the shaft there are figures, u. a. of Saint Ida, indicating the foundation of the parish.
Side chapel
Two steps lead down to the side chapel to a larger than life wooden crucifix from the 17th century. It used to stand on the Calvary on the east side of the old church. Particularly impressive is the depiction of the crucified Christ's face, inclining in death; The protruding veins on the arms and legs and the rich folds of the loincloth are also remarkable. The three colored pictures of the chapel show pictures from the life of Ida: An angel brings her the order to build the church , Ida distributes gifts from her coffin to the needy and Ida in a humble, servant attitude as the mother of the poor. The keystone from the 15th century shows the oldest surviving depiction of Ida.
Ida shrine
The Ida shrine was made in 1882, in which the bones of Ida rest. It is adorned with figures and pictures. On the right side Saint Boniface, Elisabeth von Thuringia and Ludgerus, on the left side Saint Odilia and Gertrud von Nivelles , both ancestors of Ida and the blessed Berethger, first pastor in Herzfeld and contemporary of Ida. On the front, under a radiant rosette, the transfer of Ida's bones in 980 by Bishop Dodo and Abbot Liudolf von Werden is shown. The reverse shows Ida's death. Above it is a fenstrella to view the bones. The six roof tiles come from the 16th century shrine and are decorated with engraved scenes from Ida's life: the trip to Westphalia, the rest in Herzfeld, the dream face, Ida saves a deer from certain death, construction of the first church in Herzfeld and Ida distribute gifts from her coffin to the needy, with Berethger's support. These engravings are ascribed to the Dürer School, they belong to the legendary saints typical of the Dürer School in picture sequences. Latin scripts surround the roof and the base of the shrine.
A total of five Ida shrines existed over the centuries, two of which were made of wood.
Confessio
The Confessio combines height and depth. A steel structure, the elements of which are held in place by gold-plated brass elements, rises from a floor sculpture that radiates into the tomb, carries the reliquary above the sarcophagus and leads up into the church. There it accommodates the cafeteria of the main altar in four brass bearings. Two glass sculptures embedded in the altar floor allow a look down.
Burial crypt
The center of the church is the grave crypt with the burial place of St. Ida. The burial site was created in the course of excavations in the years 1975-1976 when the grave of Ida was discovered. In 1980, the anniversary of Ida's thousand-year canonization, the new grave was inaugurated. The bones of the saints rest in an ornate shrine. There is a stone coffin underneath.
Idenrast
The name Idenrast is the key word of the Ida tradition, it refers to the rest of Ida and her husband in Herzfeld, during a trip from Ripuarien to Westphalia . During this trip, an angel is said to have appeared to Ida in a dream who gave her the order to have a church built.
The so-called Idenrast is set up above the staircase leading to the grave. She is an artistically carved, reclining Ida figure. Above her head is the Carolingian coat of arms with a crown and lettering S. IDA PIPINI SANGUINE CLARA (Saint Ida, famous for her relationship with Pipin). This indicates their royal ancestry. The church model in the right hand symbolizes the foundation of the church. The stag at the feet of Ida is supposed to remind of the old Saxon name of Herzfeld, Hirutveldun . For a long time, the Idenrast stood on a box-shaped base to accommodate the sarcophagus . The coffin could be touched through a door at the back.
Bust reliquary
The bust reliquary is placed in a large niche opposite the entrance. The cover for the head relic was probably made around 1480 in Cologne for the Werden monastery , where the relic had arrived in 980. It was exhibited at religious festivals in the Holy Sepulcher of St. Liudger and carried along in processions. After the Werden monastery was dissolved in 1802, the relic was returned to Herzfeld and the remains of the head were placed in the shrine with the other bones. The reliquary was kept in the vault of the parish office until 1981 and then placed in the Ida tomb. Below the plinth on which the bust stands, hangs an artistically designed bricklayer's plumb bob , which points to the intersection of a cross carved into a round stone slab. It is supposed to symbolize the construction of the church by Ida.
Tomb of Ida
From 1975 to 1976 the foundations of the west wall of the former portico, which Ida had built over Egbert's grave, were excavated. After his death, she led a life here according to the Rule of St. Benedict. The stone coffin from which she distributed gifts to the needy also stood here. Egbert's grave was destroyed when the old church was torn down. A lying cross made of bog oak marked the place where Ida was buried from 825 to 980. The grave was on the southern choir wall.
Heart fields cross
The Herzfelder Kreuz hangs in a shallow niche on the north wall. The empty eye sockets of the Romanesque crucifix used to be set with precious stones and designed as seeing eyes . A reliquary made of rock crystal is embedded in the chest of the crucified , it is said to contain a particle from the cross of Jesus . The cross beam was added in 1981.
Franconian portal
An old portal with a Franconian bulb ornament is attached to the wall above the landing. It is probably the former main portal of the previous church and was made around 1000.
tabernacle
On the north wall there is a tabernacle made of oak ; it was built in 1513 and restored in 1988. The Eucharist was kept in the upper, cabinet-like part and three containers with Ida relics stood in the lower compartment. Now the tabernacle contains a reliquary monstrance from the 18th century with relics of Ida and a monstrance that was handed over in 1999 by the dissolved Ida monastery in Horn. On the tabernacle there is a crucifixion group from the 15th century, the cross is of more recent date.
Other church equipment
- The neo-Gothic choir stalls are remarkable .
- On the sides of the high altar are carved wooden figures of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Mary.
- At the apex of the lower choir is a modern cross, as a symbol of victory over death.
- Neo-Gothic works of art are attached to the eastern crossing pillars : the sermon chair on whose sound cover stands the teaching Christ, the statue of Mary with the baby Jesus, the Perpetual Help , the statue of St. Joseph and two angel figures as light bearers.
- In front of the organ gallery there are figures of St. Cecilia with the organ and David with the harp.
Organs
The large organ on the west gallery was built in 2002 by the organ builder Siegfried Sauer (Höxter). The instrument has 47 registers on three manuals and a pedal . The playing and stop actions are electric. Since 2015, the organ system has had a mobile console in the nave, from which both organs can be played.
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : three free combinations , cuff , swell step
In 2012 a new choir organ was inaugurated. The instrument is in the south transept. It was built in 1886 by the organ builder JW Walker & Sons (London) for the Anglican Parish Church in Eastington (Gloucester). The purely mechanical instrument initially had nine stops on two manuals and a pedal and had a mechanical wind supply . In 1950, an electric fan was also installed. Before it was installed in St. Ida, it was expanded by three registers. The organ is in an oak case. 21 and 18 painted metal and six wooden pipes are visible in the prospectus on two sides (front, left side) . In 2015 the choir organ was provided with an electric action so that it can be played - together with the main organ - from a central, four-manual console. The mobile central console of the master organ builder Thomas Gaida from Wemmetsweiler (Saarland) is standard near the choir organ.
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- (n) = register from 2012
- Coupling: II / I, II / II (octave coupling), I / P, II / P
Bells
Six steel bells from 1948 hang in the 78 meter high tower of the church:
| No. | Surname | Ø (cm) | Weight (kg) | Nominal | inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | St. Ida | 202 | 3649 | h 0 | GAUDIA DIVINA TU NOBIS POSCE PATRONA IDA * AD 1450 FUSA - REFUSA A: D. 1948 |
| 2 | Ludgerus | 202 | 2120 | d 1 | QUISQUIS CREDAT NEC RECEDAT A FIDE, QUAM TRADIDIT |
| 3 | Marien | 151 | 1530 | e 1 | REGINA PACIS, FUNDA NOS IN PACE |
| 4th | Joseph | 123 | 910 | g 1 | MORTIS HORA TU MALIGNO NOS AB HOSTE PROTEGE |
| 5 | Bertgerus | 176 | f sharp 2 | ||
| 6th | 105 | a 2 |
Two other small bronze bells from 1620 and 1717 hang in the crossing tower of the basilica and are rung as a changing bell and just before the service begins.
literature
- Dehio, Georg , under the scientific direction of Ursula Quednau: Handbook of German art monuments. North Rhine-Westphalia II Westphalia . Deutscher Kunstverlag , Berlin / Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2 .
- Clemens Hillmann: The church and grave of St. Ida von Herzfeld . Published by the Catholic parish of St. Ida Herzfeld, dcv druck Werl, 2nd expanded and updated edition 2003.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Schneider: Saint Ida is unforgotten. In Herzfeld there is a “total work of art of historicism” . In: Jahrbuch Westfalen , Vol. 43 (1989), pp. 43-48.
- ^ Article on the basilica's homepage. Retrieved November 11, 2017 .
- ↑ Information on the high altar
- ↑ Information on the baptismal font
- ↑ Information on the crypt ( Memento of the original from June 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The Sauer organ in the St. Ida pilgrimage basilica. Retrieved November 11, 2014 .
- ↑ Information on the central gaming table on the municipality's website
- ↑ Information on the choir organ on the municipality's website
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Baden-Württemberg: Our Lady in Constance 1955 | St. Martin in Weingarten 1956 | St. Georg in Walldürn 1962 | St. Vitus in Ellwangen 1964 | The Visitation of the Virgin Mary in Birnau 1971 | St. Martin in Ulm-Wiblingen 1993 | St. Georg in Ochsenhausen 2019
Bavaria: Vierzehnheiligen in Bad Staffelstein 1897 | St. Anna in Altötting 1913 | Assumption of Mary in Ettal 1920 | Cathedral of St. Peter and George in Bamberg 1923 | St. Alexander and Theodor in Ottobeuren 1926 | St. Mauritius in Niederalteich 1932 | St. Ulrich and Afra in Augsburg 1937 | Assumption of Mary in Tuntenhausen 1942 | Most Holy Trinity in Gößweinstein 1948 | St. Peter and Alexander in Aschaffenburg 1958 | Assumption of the Virgin in Ingolstadt 1964 | Collegiate Church of the Old Chapel in Regensburg 1964 | St. Emmeram in Regensburg 1964 | St. Michael in Altenstadt 1965 | St. Lorenz in Kempten 1969 | Assumption of the Virgin in Waldsassen 1969 | St. Benedikt in Benediktbeuern 1972 | St. Peter in Dillingen 1979 | Holy Cross and Assumption of Mary in Scheyern 1979 | St. Martin in Amberg 1980 | St. Margaretha in Altenmarkt 1982 | St. Jakob in Straubing 1989 | The Visitation of the Virgin Mary in Marienweiher 1993 | Maria Brünnlein in Wemding 1998 | St. Martin in Landshut 2001 | St. Vitus and Deocar in Herrieden 2010
Berlin: St. Johannes in Berlin-Neukölln 1906 | St. Hedwig Cathedral in Berlin-Mitte 1927 | Maria Rosary Queen in Berlin-Steglitz 1950
Hessen: St. Marcellinus and Petrus in Seligenstadt 1925 | St. Mary, Peter and Paul in Ilbenstadt 1929 | St. Peter in Fritzlar 2004 | St. Valentinus and Dionysius in Kiedrich 2010
Lower Saxony: St. Godehard in Hildesheim 1963 | Mary Mother of the Seven Sorrows in Bethen 1977 | St. Clemens in Hanover 1998 | St. Cyriakus in Duderstadt 2015
North Rhine-Westphalia: St. Gereon in Cologne 1920 | St. Ursula in Cologne 1920 | Assumption of Mary in Kevelaer 1923 | St. Viktor in Xanten 1937 | St. Severin in Cologne 1953 | Visitation of the Virgin Mary in Werl 1953 | St. Martin in Bonn 1956 | St. Potentinus, Felicius and Simplicius in Steinfeld 1960 | St. Apostles in Cologne 1965 | St. Maria in the Capitol in Cologne 1965 | St. Suitbertus in Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth 1967 | St. Lambertus in Düsseldorf 1974 | St. Andreas in Knechtsteden 1974 | St. Vitus in Mönchengladbach 1974 | St. Margareta in Düsseldorf-Gerresheim 1982 | St. Ludgerus in Essen-Werden 1993 | St. Kunibert in Cologne 1998 | St. Quirinus in Neuss 2009 | St. Ida in Herzfeld 2011 | St. Laurentius in Wuppertal 2013
Rhineland-Palatinate: St. Matthias in Trier 1920 | Imperial and Mariendom in Speyer 1925 | St. Peter's Cathedral in Worms 1925 | St. Maria am See in Maria Laach 1926 | Our Lady in Marienstatt 1927 | St. Martin in Bingen 1930 | St. Salvator in Prüm 1950 | Our Lady in Trier 1951 | St. Paulin in Trier 1958 | St. Kastor in Koblenz 1991 | St. Severus in Boppard 2015
Saarland: St. Wendalinus in St. Wendel 1960 | St. Johann in Saarbrücken 1975
Saxony: Holy Cross in Wechselburg 2018
Coordinates: 51 ° 39 ′ 47 " N , 8 ° 8 ′ 40" E