Marienbasilika (Kevelaer)

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basilica

The Marienbasilika is a Catholic Marian pilgrimage church in Kevelaer , where the major services of the Kevelaer pilgrimage are celebrated.

Building history

The neo-Gothic church was built from 1858 to 1864 by his cousin Hilger Hertel the Elder according to plans by Vincenz Statz . The pilgrimage rector Gustav van der Meulen laid the first stone on June 12, 1858. The four-story, 90 m high west tower was only built in 1883/1884. Friedrich Stummel and his students painted the choirs and the transept of the Marienbasilika in gorgeous colors from 1891 to 1934. Many depictions relate to Marian themes such as the Lauretanian Litany or the Glorious Rosary , as well as depictions of saints and paintings on the subject of the Holy Spirit and the Seven Sacraments

In the left transept, Stummel had used a painting of the apocalyptic figures during the First World War to criticize the war and had drawn attention to German war crimes with motifs of the destruction of Lion in the First World War and the RMS Lusitania . After criticism, the pictures were painted over on an episcopal order.

In 1991, with the interior painting of the nave by Walter Dorn based on the interior painting of the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, a restoration was completed and one of the most colorful church rooms in the Rhineland was restored or completed. The original lead glass windows were lost due to considerable war damage and were replaced by new ones from 1946 onwards. Part of it was designed by the Weez artist Hans Mennekes and the Cologne art professor Helmut Kaldenhoff .

Today's bronze portal of the church was made by the wood cutter and sculptor Willi Dirx .

The church building has a total length of 70 m and is 28 m wide. The transept has a width of 36 m and a length of 18 m. The basilica has a floor area of ​​1,441 m².

Importance of pilgrimage

1884 awarded Pope Leo XIII. Pastor Josef van Ackeren and his successors have the privilege of giving the Apostolic Blessing four times a year in his place. Today in Kevelaer, as the only German-speaking place, this apostolic blessing is donated by the pastor or a present bishop on the feast days of the Visitation, Assumption of Mary, the Birth of Mary and All Saints' Day.

In 1923 the church was elevated to a papal minor basilica . The parish of Sankt Marien was removed from the parish in 1956 by the Antonius parish. The pastor Stefan Zekorn , who was also the pilgrimage rector since 2006, was on December 3rd, 2010 by Pope Benedict XVI. appointed auxiliary bishop of the Münster / Warendorf region in the diocese of Münster . Zekorn's successor on May 22, 2011 was the previous pastor of St. Ida in Herzfeld (Lippetal) , Cathedral Chapter Rolf Lohmann , who was also appointed auxiliary bishop in the diocese of Münster on April 25, 2017.

organ

Organ of the Marienbasilika Kevelaer

The organ of the Marienbasilika is with its 135 registers the largest German-Romantic organ in the world. It consists of the main organ on the west gallery and a remote control on the north transept gallery without its own play area. The instrument is largely based on an instrument that was built in the years 1906–1907 by the organ builder Ernst Seifert (then: Cologne) and replaced the first organ that was built around 1874 by the organ builder Wilhelm Rütter (Kevelaer) had been. The prospectus was designed by F. Stummel, the organ gallery from 1877 based on designs by Hilger Hertel.

Bells

There are 8 bells in the tower of the basilica , another is installed in the roof turret. With some chime motifs, bronze and steel bells ring out together. Only a very experienced ear can tell the two materials apart in terms of sound, because the intonation was performed very sensitively. In addition, the steel bells of the Bochumer Verein were very well developed in the mid-1950s and achieved the best sound that could be extracted from the material.

The bell names with reference to Mary are based on the Lauretan litany .

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Caster
  		Mass
(kg, without clapper) 		Diameter
(mm) 		Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 ) 		annotation
1 Consolatrix Afflictorum ( Comforter of the Afflicted ) 1954 Bochum Association 2,782 1,980 a 0 steel
2 Virgo Immaculata (Immaculate Virgin) 1954 Bochum Association 1,764 1,690 c 1 steel
3 Regina Assumpta ( Queen Admitted to Heaven ) 1954 Bochum Association 1,510 1,519 d 1 steel
4th Regina Pacis (Queen of Peace) 1954 Bochum Association 928 1,350 e 1 steel
5 St. Michael 2005 Br. M. Reuter OSB 1.107 1,165 f 1 bronze
6th Mediatrix Gratiarum (Mediator of Grace) 1954 Bochum Association 518 1,111 g 1 steel
7th St. Gabriel 2005 Br. M. Reuter OSB 528 915 a 1 bronze
8th St. Raphael 2005 Br. M. Reuter OSB 374 810 c 2 bronze
9 St. Ludgerus 2005 Br. M. Reuter OSB 146 600 f 2 Bronze; in the roof turret

literature

  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments - Rhineland 1967
  • Willehad Paul Eckert: The Lower Rhine Cologne, DuMont 1978
  • Astrid Grittern: The Marienbasilika zu Kevelaer (workbook of the Rhenish preservation of monuments 52), publication of the Rhineland Regional Association, ed. by State Conservator Udo Mainzer, Cologne 1999.
  • Gabriele M. Knoll: The Lower Rhine Cologne DuMont 1993
  • Karl-Heinz Göttert : The large Seifert organ in the Kevelaer Marienbasilika . In: Ars Organi . 55th year, no. September 3 , 2007, ISSN  0004-2919 .
  • Gregor Klein: The large Seifert organ of the Marienbasilika in Kevelaer . In: Ars Organi . 29th year, no. September 3 , 1981, ISSN  0004-2919 .

Web links

Commons : Marienbasilika (Kevelaer)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rainer Killich: Adriaan Poirters: "Het pelgrimken van Kevelaer": reconstruction of historical pilgrimage songs from the 17th and 18th centuries. Diss. Univ. Münster, Lit, Münster a. a. 2001, ISBN 978-3-8258-3348-0 , p. 18 and 315; limited preview in Google Book search
  2. ↑ Astrid Grittern: The Marienbasilika zu Kevelaer (workbook of the Rhenish preservation of monuments 52), publication of the Rhineland Regional Association, ed. by state curator Udo Mainzer, Cologne 1999, pp. 35, 40.
  3. ^ Georg Dehio, Handbook of German Art Monuments, North Rhine-Westphalia I / Rhineland, Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich / Berlin, 2005
  4. ↑ Willi Jasper: Lusitania. Cultural history of a catastrophe, Berlin 2015, p. 166ff.
  5. ↑ Walter Dorn: Friedrich Stummel's painting techniques depicted on the painting of the Marien-Basilika zu Kevelaer, in: Exhibition catalog "Ad maiorem Dei Gloriam, The church painter Friedrich Stummel (1850-1919) and his studio", Kevelaer 1979, p. 41f.
  6. ↑ Walter Dorn: Friedrich Stummel and his life's work, The painting of the St. Marien Church in Kevelaer, in: Josef Heckens u, Richard Schulte-Staade (ed.), Consolatrix Afflictorum: The image of Mary in Kevelaer, message, history, present (350 Years of the Kevelaer Pilgrimage, Vol. 1), Kevelaer 1992, pp. 689–700.
  7. ↑ Astrid Grittern: The Marienbasilika zu Kevelaer (workbook of the Rhenish preservation of monuments 52), publication of the Rhineland Regional Association, ed. by State Conservator Udo Mainzer, Cologne 1999, p. 19.
  8. ↑ Josef van Ackeren (1830–1903), Chapter of Honor and Dean in Kevelaer. Source: Biographisches Jahrbuch und Deutschen Nekrolog , Vol. VIII (1903). Berlin: Reimer, 1905, p. 84.
  9. ↑ Church and Life: Kevelaer was strengthened in the outgoing Kulturkampf, July 5, 2009
  10. ↑ kirchensite.de: Pope appoints Stefan Zekorn as auxiliary bishop
  11. ^ Kirchensite.de: Cathedral Chapter Lohmann becomes pastor in Kevelaer
  12. ^ Schneider, Hans-Günther, Lechtape, Andreas: Pilgrimage basilica St. Marien Kevelaer . 7., rework. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7954-4824-0 .
  13. ↑ More information about the big bell

Coordinates: 51 ° 35 ′ 4.5 ″  N , 6 ° 14 ′ 39.9 ″  E