Lauretan litany

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Our Lady surrounded by Marian symbols, Bayeux Cathedral

The Lauretanian litany - Latin Litania de Beata (Maria Virgine) , "Litany of the Blessed (Virgin Mary)" - is a litany used in the Catholic Church whose invocations are directed to the Mother of God . It goes back to medieval roots and has been expanded and changed several times. In its traditional form, it is essentially first documented in 1531 in the Italian pilgrimage site of Loreto , after whose Latinized name it is named.

history

The prayer form of the alternating chant between the prayer leader and the people (litany) was adopted from Judaism and ancient cults. The Eastern Church hymn Akathistos is the model for Marian litanies . The western beginnings can be seen in the All Saints' Litany , in which from the 9th century Mary was invoked not only as Sancta Maria , but also as Sancta Dei genitrix , Sancta virgo virginum and other titles; independent Marian litanies emerged from this and spread.

A first Latin form of the Lauretan litany is attested from the 12th century, probably originating in Paris; no author is known. In the High Middle Ages , the litany existed in several versions that had great similarities, including in the Armenian language . After the invocations, individual versions have emergency calls and intercessions based on the example of the All Saints' Litany.

The Lauretanian litany was first named in the 16th century after the Italian Marian shrine Loreto . It was approved by Pope Sixtus V in 1587 and expressly approved for worship in addition to the All Saints litany by Pope Clement VIII , who in 1601 severely restricted the use of the multitude of litanies in the liturgy . A second version of a litany of Mary was written in 1578 by Julio Candiotti, archdeacon of Loreto, with the request for approval from Pope Gregory XIII. was submitted, but was rejected, whereupon the current version generally prevailed. Pope Clement VIII had forbidden private additions to the litany in 1601, which had been made repeatedly until then.

In the German-speaking countries, the litany, our dear frawen Letaney, as it is sung at Laureta, owes its spread to the Jesuits ; Petrus Canisius brought it with him from Loreto, had it printed in Dillingen in 1558 and introduced into all Jesuit colleges .

Extensions

Various invocations have been added to the 16th century text:

  • Help of Christians : in 1571 by Pope Pius V in gratitude for the victory of the Christians over the Turks at Lepanto inserted
  • Queen of the Holy Rosary : 1675 for the Rosary Fraternities and in 1883 generally by Pope Leo XIII. who strongly encouraged the rosary to be prayed.
  • Queen received without blemish of original sin : 1846 at the instigation of Pope Pius IX. for the Archdiocese of Mechelen , with the proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary in 1854 for other dioceses
  • Mother of good advice : 1903 by Pope Leo XIII.
  • Queen of Peace : 1917 by Pope Benedict XV. under the impression of the First World War
  • Queen taken into heaven : 1950 by Pope Pius XII. after the proclamation of the dogma of the bodily acceptance of Mary into heaven
  • Mother of the Church : 1980 by Pope John Paul II for the Episcopal Conferences that wish
  • Queen of the family : 1995 by Pope John Paul II.
  • Mother of mercy ( mater misericordiae ), mother of hope ( mater spei ) and consolation of migrants ( solacium migrantium ): 2020 by Pope Francis . The title Mother of Mercy appeared previously in more recent versions of the litany, for example in Praise of God , and goes back to an Apostolic Letter from John Paul II. Until it was changed by Pope Francis, it was not part of the official text, but at most part regionally approved versions by the Congregation for Divine Services.

To the text of the litany

Virgo prudentissima (Altenmarkt- Osterhofen )

Thanks to the language that is rich in images and symbols, the Lauretan litany has a very poetic character. Mary is addressed with numerous designations, some of which express her role in salvation history directly ("Holy Mary, Mother of God - Holy Virgin - Mother of Christ - Mother of the Church "), some in symbolic , often from biblical images (" Spiegel of justice - seat of wisdom - chalice of devotion - ivory tower - ark of the covenant of God "), describe the meaning of Mary (" salvation of the sick - refuge of sinners - consolation of the afflicted - help of Christians ") and finally invoke Mary as Queen of the saints (" Queen of Angels - Queen of Patriarchs - Queen of Apostles - Queen of Martyrs - Queen of Virgins ").

Every invocation is connected with a call for Mary to intercede with God.

procedure

The litany is sung or spoken. In community, a prayer leader (V) or a Schola speaks or sings the invocation, all (A) answer “litany-like” with constant acclamations .

The introduction as well as the concluding threefold Agnus Dei can be found in the All Saints litany and numerous other litanies.

introduction

Greek /
Latin		 Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013
Kyrie eleison . (V / A) Lord, have mercy on us. (V / A) Lord, have mercy.
Christe eleison. (V / A) Christ, have mercy on us. (V / A) Christ, have mercy.
Kyrie eleison. (V / A) Lord, have mercy on us. (V / A) Lord, have mercy.
Christe audi nos.
Christe exaudi nos.		 Christ hear us.
(A) Christ, hear us.		 Christ hear us.
(A) Christ, hear us.
Father de caelis Deus
miserere nobis.		 God the Father of Heaven,
(A) have mercy on us.		 God the Father in Heaven,
(A) have mercy on us.
Fili Redemptor mundi Deus God the Son, Redeemer of the world,
(A) have mercy on us.		 God the Son, Redeemer of the world
(A) have mercy on us.
Spiritus Sancte Deus God, Holy Spirit,
(A) have mercy on us.		 God Holy Spirit
(A) have mercy on us.
Sancta Trinitas , unus Deus. Holy Trinity, One God,
(A) have mercy on us.		 Holy Triune God
(A) have mercy on us.

Invocations to Mary

Answer: Ora pro nobis - "Please for us!"

Introductory invocations

Latin Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013 Origin / background
Sancta Maria Holy Maria Holy Maria
Sancta Dei Genitrix Holy Theotokos Holy Mother “The title is the foundation of the whole devotion to Mary. Anyone who does not recognize Mary as the mother of the Son of God is also rejecting the divinity of Christ. "
Sancta Virgo virginum Holy Virgin above all virgins Holy virgin

Invocations as a mother

Latin Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013 Origin / background
Mater Christi Mother of christ Mother of christ Jesus is a descendant of King David as Messiah (= Christ) proved ( Mt 22.41 to 46  EU ), Maria is the daughter of David in "wide open space of the global messianic saving work of Christ."
Mater misericordiae ---- Mother of Mercy A corresponding Marian title can also be found in the hymn Salve Regina . The idea of mercy was particularly propagated by the Polish nun Maria Faustyna Kowalska . Popes John Paul II and Francis took up the idea that Pope John Paul II canonized Maria Faustyna Kowalska on April 30, 2000 . In the same year the invocation was inserted into the litany.
Mater divinae gratiae Mother of divine grace Mother of divine grace In Jesus Christ, born of Mary, the grace of God took shape (cf. Jn 1:16  EU ).
Mater purissima You pure mother Mother, you pure one Immaculate Conception of Mary
The Church Fathers have numerous attributes that express Mary's sinlessness. The Council of Trent declared that Mary had been spared the stain of original sin by a special divine privilege .
Mater castissima You chaste mother Mother, you chaste
Mater inviolata You unharmed mother Mother without blemish
Mater intemerata ----
Mater amabilis You lovely mother Mother, you beloved The formulation in Praise of God is not a precise translation, but was chosen because of the singability.
Mater admirabilis You wonderful mother Mother, so wonderful
Mater boni consilii Mother of good advice Mother of good advice Pope Leo XIII. was a member of the Brotherhood of Our Lady of Good Council.
Mater pulchrae dilectionis ----- Mother of beautiful love Jesus Sirach 24:24
first documented in the 15th century
Mater Creatoris Mother of the Creator Mother of the creator “One should consider this name to be impossible for a creature, because it seems to imply an inner contradiction in that the terms creator and creature [...] are arbitrarily exchanged for one another. […] The name Mother of the Creator [seems] to express an impossibility. […] But on the other hand we cannot refuse Mary this honorary title without denying the humanity of the word […]. "
Mater Salvatoris Mother of the Savior Mother of the Savior
Mater Ecclesiae ----- Mother of the church Cf. Joh 19,26-27  EU ; the church fathers Ambrose and Augustine had already referred to Mary as the mother of the church , the Second Vatican Council formulated: "The Catholic Church follows her [...] in the affection of filial reverence as an extremely loving mother" ( LG 53.) Pope Paul VI. added the invocation to the litany in 1964. It followed first on Mater Christi, now on Mater Salvatoris.
Mater spei
mother of hope		 --- --- Inserted by Pope Francis on June 20, 2020.

Invocations as a virgin

Latin Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013 Origin / background
Virgo prudentissima You wise virgin You wise virgin Ps 111,10  EU ;
in older versions also mater prudentiae
Virgo veneranda You venerable virgin ----
Virgo praedicanda You praiseworthy virgin Virgin praised by the peoples Lk 1.48  EU , Lk 1.42  EU ;
in older versions also Mater praedicanda
Virgo potens You mighty virgin Virgo mightily help The power of Mary's intercession to God is based on her task in salvation history. The pair of terms potens - clemens describes the relationship between high and subordinates in classical Latin.
Virgo Clemens You good virgin Virgin full of goodness
Virgo fidelis Faithful virgin ----
---- ---- Virgin, maid of the Lord Lk 1.38  EU

Invocations in pictures

Latin Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013 Origin / background
Speculum iustitiae You mirror of justice You mirror of justice In ancient and medieval literature, the mirror stands for purity of the soul , the duty of moral self-examination and self-knowledge and view not of things themselves, but of their image . Mary can be called "the reflection of divine perfection". "This reflection is primarily due to her intimate intercourse with the Son of God."
Sedes sapientiae You throne of wisdom You seat of wisdom Jesus Christ is venerated as wisdom, Mary as the bearer of God as the “seat of wisdom”. Mass celebrations at Marian feasts use texts about wisdom as epistles , such as Sir 24  EU or Prov 8,22–31  EU .
Causa nostrae laetitiae You cause of our joy You cause of our joy The joy of the birth of Jesus (cf. Lk 2.10  EU ) has as one reason Mary's consent to become a mother ( Lk 1.38  EU ). A parallel can also be drawn with Judit ( Jdt 15.9  EU ), who helped the people of Israel to a victory over the Assyrians and who is praised as "the great joy of Israel".
Vas spirituale You cup of the Spirit You cup of the Spirit Greek σκεῦος skeuos “vessel” can also mean “tool”, so here in the sense of “tool of the Holy Spirit” (cf. Acts 9:15  EU ).
Vas honorabile You venerable goblet You precious cup corresponding roughly: "venerable tool, organ of the Holy Spirit"
Vas insigne devotionis You exquisite cup of devotion You cup of devotion devotio is "loyalty to God", "total surrender to God and his counsel", cf. Lk 1.38  EU “I am a handmaid of the Lord”.
Rosa mystica You mysterious rose You mysterious rose As early as the 5th century, in a verse by the poet Sedulius , Mary was compared with a rose without a thorn. In the Middle Ages a rose mysticism developed around Jesus Christ and Mary.
Turris Davidica You mighty tower of David You mighty tower of David Song of Songs 4.4  EU ; King David built a castle in Jerusalem, the highest tower of which has beencalled "Tower of David"since the time of the Crusaders .
Turris eburnea You ivory tower You ivory tower Song of Songs 7.5  EU , since Bernhard von Clairvaux interpreted allegorically to Mary.
Domus aurea You golden house You golden house “It is called a house or palace because it was the dwelling place of the great king, God himself.”
The ark, a wooden box covered with gold with the two tablets of the Ten Commandments and Aaron's rod , was the dwelling place of God for the Jews , the holy of holies in the federal tent and then in the Jerusalem temple . Instead of Aaron's staff, Mary carries Jesus, the rice from Jesse ( Isa 11.1  EU ).
Foederis arca You ark You ark of God
Janua caeli You gate of heaven You gate of heaven “Mary is the gate through which Christ enters at conception and emerges from her at birth.” Other versions in the Middle Ages were Janua calica , Janua regni celorum and porta celi .
Stella matutina You morning star You morning star Older versions have stella marina ("sea star"), lux matutina ("morning light") or stella matutina ("morning star"). "As is well known, this star precedes the rising of the sun together with the dawn: Mary preceded the coming of the Savior, the rising of the sun of righteousness in the history of the human race." (Pope John Paul II , Encyclical Redemptoris Mater No. 3 ).

Invocations in their mediating role

Latin Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013 Origin / background
Salus infirmorum You Health of the Sick Hail the sick Christian theology sees a parallel between Eve and Mary right from the start : “It was Eva's fault that the original paradise was lost, [...] all kinds of tribulations plagued the human race and death spread fear and terror. Maria, the second Eve, is supposed to repair the damage caused. "
Refugium peccatorum You refuge for sinners You refuge for sinners
Consolatrix afflictorum You Comforter of the Afflicted You comfort the afflicted
Auxilium Christianorum You helper of the Christians You help the Christians
Solatium migrantium
consolation of migrants 		--- --- Inserted by Pope Francis on June 20, 2020, World Refugee Day .

Invocations as Queen

Latin Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013 Origin / background
Regina Angelorum You queen of angels You queen of angels “As the mother of the Lord and his birthing woman, she was closer to him than the seraphim who surround him.” - Cf. also Rev. 12  EU : The Archangel Michael comes to the aid of the woman in whom Mary is seen.
Regina Patriarcharum Queen of the Patriarchs Queen of the Patriarchs The attribution of Mary as the Queen of Heaven ( Regina caeli ) was common at the time the litany was written. The arrangement and order is based on the pattern of Venantius Fortunatus , it is also known from the All Saints litany and the Greek liturgy, where it has been documented since the 6th century.
Regina Prophetarum Queen of the prophets Queen of the prophets
Regina Apostolorum You Queen of Apostles Queen of the apostles
Regina Martyrum Queen of the Martyrs Queen of the Martyrs
Regina Confessorum Queen of the Confessors Queen of the Confessors
Regina Virginum You queen of virgins You queen of virgins
Regina Sanctorum omnium Queen of all saints Queen of all saints
Regina sine labe originali concepta Queen, received without original sin You queen, received without inheritance The invocations were inserted into the litany after the dogmas of the Immaculate Conception of Mary (1854) and the bodily acceptance of Mary into Heaven (1950) were proclaimed .
Regina in caelum assumpta ----- You queen, taken to heaven
Regina sacratissimi Rosarii Queen of the Holy Rosary Queen of the Holy Rosary
Regina familiarum ----- You queen of families inserted in 1995 by Pope John Paul II.
Regina Pacis Queen of Peace Queen of Peace inserted on May 5, 1917 by Pope Benedict XV. under the impression of the First World War

Lamb Of God

Latin Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013
Agnus Dei , qui tollis peccata mundi,
parce nobis, Domine.		 O Lamb of God, who take away the sins of the world,
spare us, O Lord.		 Lamb of God, you take away the sin of the world:
(A) Lord, spare us.
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi,
exaudi nos, Domine.		 O Lamb of God, who take away the sins of the world,
hear us, O Lord.		 Lamb of God, you take away the sin of the world:
(A) Lord, hear us.
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi,
miserere nobis.		 O Lamb of God, who take away the sins of the world,
have mercy on us.		 Lamb of God, you take away the sin of the world:
(A) Lord, have mercy.

Versicle and Oration

Latin Standard text (1950) Text in Praise of God 2013
Ora pro nobis sancta Dei Genitrix,
ut digni efficiamur promissionibus Christi.		 Pray for us, O holy Theotokos,
(A) that we may become worthy of the promises of Christ.		 -----
Oremus. Concede nos famulos tuos, quaesumus Domine Deus, perpetua mentis et corporis sanitate gaudere: et gloriosa beatae Mariae semper Virginis intercessione, a praesenti liberari tristitia et aeterna perfrui laetitia. Per Christum Dominum nostrum.
Amen.		 Let us pray. We ask you, O Lord and God, bestow on us, your servants, the joy of constant health of soul and body and, upon the glorious intercession of the blessed, always virgin Mother Mary, let us be delivered from the present tribulation and filled with eternal joy , through Christ our Lord.
Amen.		 Let us pray. Good Lord, you have given Mary to mother to all people; listen to their intercession, take away from us the sadness of this time, but one day give us eternal joy. Through Christ our Lord.
(A) Amen.

Artistic reception

The Lauretanian Litany was set to music by numerous composers, including Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer , Jan Dismas Zelenka , Marc-Antoine Charpentier , Johann Adolf Hasse , Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf and twice by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart .

Motifs from the Lauretanian litany were taken up and designed in many cases in the visual arts. For example, a series of ornamental medallions from the Baroque period, which illustrate various invocations from the Lauretan litany , were discovered in the vault of the Mariä-Heimsuchung-Kirche in Forstinning in Upper Bavaria during an interior renovation in 2009 .

literature

  • Athanasius Bierbaum: The Lauretanian Litany. Historically, biblically, and ascetically presented in 52 reflections . Franziskus-Druckerei, Werl 1936.
  • Josef Colgen: So the Church asks you. The Lauretan Litany . Johannes-Verlag, Leutesdorf 1989. ISBN 3-7794-1126-1 .
  • Johannes Antonius Eduardus van Dodewaard: The Lauretanian litany . Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1959.
  • Walter Dürig : The Lauretanian Litany. Origin, author, structure and mariological content . EOS-Verlag, Sankt Ottilien 1990. ISBN 3-88096-686-9 .
  • Carl Kammer: The Lauretan Litany . Rauch, Innsbruck 1960.
  • John Henry Newman : The May Month. Cardinal Newman's prayers and meditations following the Lauretan litany for each day of the month. Matthias Grünewald Publishing House, Mainz 1921.
  • Alex von Salis-Soglio: The Lauretanian Litany . Laumann, Dülmen 1940.
  • Anselm Salzer : The symbols and epithets of Mary in German literature and Latin hymn poetry of the Middle Ages. (Reprogr. Reprint) Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1967 (Original: Linz, 1886–1994).

See also

Web links

Commons : Lauretanian Litany  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, pp. 9-11.13f.
  2. ↑ Balthasar Fischer : Litany. I.3 Invocation Litanies . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 6 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1997, Sp. 955 .
  3. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 61.
  4. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 11f.
  5. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, pp. 60f.
  6. ^ Leo XIII .: Breve Salutaris Zonen , December 24, 1883
  7. ↑ Dogmatic Bull Ineffabilis Deus No. IA4
  8. ^ Lettera del Prefetto della Congregazione per il Culto Divino e la Disciplina dei Sacramenti ai Presidenti delle Conferenze dei Vescovi circa le invocazioni "Mater misericordiae", "Mater spei", e "Solacium migrantium" there inserire nelle Litanie Lauretane. In: Bollettino. Holy See Press Office, June 20, 2020, accessed June 22, 2020 .
  9. ↑ a b c Mario Galgano, Alessandro De Carolis: Pope adds three invocations to the Litany of Loreto, vaticannews.va, June 20, 2020 [1]
  10. ^ Liturgical Institute (ed.): Una voce. The uniform prayers of the German dioceses and the uniform songs. Verlag JP Bachem, Cologne undated (1950), p. 83f., In it: "The present booklet collects the prayers and songs, the wording of which is uniform in the German dioceses." (Theodor Schnitzler: Introduction , p. 1. )
  11. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 19.
  12. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 21.
  13. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 23.
  14. ^ John Henry Newman: The May Month. Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1921, p. 6ff.
  15. ↑ Denzinger 1573; Walter Dürig: Die Lauretanische Litanei , Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 23f.
  16. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 24f.
  17. ↑ Sir 24:24, Vulgate version: Ego [scil. scientia ] mater pulchrae dilectionis et timoris et agnitionis et sanctae spei. "I (wisdom) am the mother of beautiful love, fear of (God), knowledge and holy hope" ( limited preview in the Google book search), cf. Walter Dürig: Die Lauretanische Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 26f.
    Edgar Swift: The Vulgate Bible, Volume III: The Poetical Books. Harvard University Press, Cambridge 2011, ISBN 978-0-674-99668-7 ( limited preview in Google Book Search)
  18. ^ John Henry Newman: The May Month. Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1921, p. 39f.
  19. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 33.
  20. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 35f.
  21. ^ John Henry Newman: The May Month. Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1921, p. 33.32.
  22. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 41f.
  23. ↑ Dorothea Forstner, Renate Becher: New Lexicon of Christian Symbols , Innsbruck-Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7022-1781-9 , 280-282
  24. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 48f.
  25. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 50f.
  26. ^ John Henry Newman: The May Month. Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1921, p. 15.
  27. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, pp. 51-55.
  28. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 56f.
  29. ↑ Walter Dürig: The Lauretanic Litanei. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 62f.
  30. ^ John Henry Newman: The May Month. Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1921, p. 29ff.
  31. ^ Venantius Fortunatus: Carmen in laude sanctae Mariae. MGH Auct. ant. IV 1, p. 379f .; Walter Dürig: The Lauretanian Litany. Sankt Ottilien 1990, p. 65ff.
  32. ↑ The invocation is not yet included in the publication of the unified texts Una voce (1950), but was given towards the end of the same year by Pope Pius XII. added.
  33. ↑ Today's translation in God's Praise 566 only takes into account the second part of the Oration.
  34. ↑ See also:
    Commons : Lauretanian Litany  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  35. ↑ Ornament painting discovered , merkur-online , April 2009
  36. ↑ Lauretanic litany on the website of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising (PDF)