Acclamation
Under acclamation (of lat . Acclamatio , shout '; from ad to' and clamare call ') is generally understood as an affirmative applause in a meeting. In particular, this is understood to mean consent to a preselection by shouting, applause or a simple show of hands. This differs from a vote where several options are considered.
Example (association)
Expression of will by showing hands in contrast to voting with counting - For example: “Today we are appointing Mr. B. as honorary chairman for life. Does someone disagree? Do you all agree? - Votes against? - Abstentions? "" No votes against / large majority. "
Acclamation in the academy
In an academic setting, acclamation is done by knocking on the table. If there are contradictions, a show of hands must be used.
Acclamation in the Roman Empire
In Roman history , acclamation particularly refers to the proclamation of a victorious general on the battlefield as emperor . In late antiquity , repeated acclamation, which was often associated with demands and sometimes lasted for hours, played an important role as a medium of communication with the emperor. The acclamation by the people followed the course award.
Acclamation in Judaism and Christianity
In Jewish , Christian and Islamic worship , the common amen or amine of the community is the acclamation as confirmation of what has been presented. The liturgy of Christianity also has other acclamations by the faithful. A frequent acclamation is Dominus vobiscum - et cum spiritu tuo , "The Lord be with you" - "and with your spirit".
Until 1996 there was the possibility of electing the Pope by acclamation ("acclamation") at the conclave .
Acclamation in the dictatorship
Especially in the era of National Socialism were often government held declarations by which those present applauded . Hitler and other National Socialists obtained the “approval” of their people through state- influenced “ elections ” and acclamations.
Also, the state socialism in the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc states did not renounce the "consent" of the people. For example, acclamations were common in village soviet elections . Applause was also common for loyalty Expressions of for Stalin .
Acclamation to the UN
The UN Security Council nominated the South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki Moon as Secretary General of the United Nations in 2006. Chairwoman Haya Raschid Al Khalifa proposed the candidate to the UN General Assembly , which was approved by applause.
Acclamation as a political expression of welfare state democracies
The philosopher and sociologist Jürgen Habermas describes in his 1973 work Legitimation Problems in Late Capitalism acclamation as an expression of general political apathy. According to this, political decisions - which in the form of representative democracy have been largely delegated by those entitled to vote - would no longer be subject to any fundamental consultation and criticism; rather, what he describes as "civic privatism" prevails, which only depicts the formal structure of political action as the downside of a consumer attitude largely disinterested in public affairs (cf. hedonism ):
“The design of formal democratic institutions and procedures ensures that the decisions of the administration can be made largely independently of certain motives of the citizens. This is done through a legitimation process, the generalized motives, i. H. Obtaining diffuse mass loyalty in terms of content, but avoiding participation. The structural change of the bourgeois public creates conditions of application for the formal democratic institutions and procedures under which the citizens take on the status of passive citizens in the midst of a political society with the right to refuse acclamation. The privately autonomous decision about the investments finds its necessary complement in the civic privatism of the civic public. "
Web links
- Acclamation at Duden.de
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- ↑ H.-U. Wiemer: Acclamations in the late Roman Empire. On the typology and function of a communication ritual. In: AKG. 86, 2004, pp. 27-73.
- ↑ Erik Peterson : "Heis Theos". Epigraphic, formal history and religious history studies on the ancient “One God” acclamation. Echter Verlag, Würzburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-429-02636-3
- ↑ a b Jürgen Habermas: Problems of legitimation in late capitalism. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1973, pp. 55f.