St. Georg (Ochsenhausen)

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St. George and Prince's Building

The baroque monastery church of St. Georg was the church of the former Benedictine monastery Ochsenhausen in Ochsenhausen until secularization in 1803 . Today she is Roman Catholic parish church of the pastoral unit of St. Benedict in the Dean's Office Biberach in Biberach district in Upper Swabia .

history

The first monastery church, a three-aisled Romanesque columned basilica, was built in 1093 by the Constance diocesan Bishop Gebhard III. consecrated by Zähringen to St. George . Also present was Bishop Thiemo von Salzburg, who had fled from Salzburg to Lake Constance . The orientation of the church shows a deviation of 17 ° to the north, compared to the normal east . This is due to their location on a survey and the observation that on April 23, the patronage day of St. George , due to this deviation from the east, the sun falls on the high altar for the first time during the year.

A new monastery church was built in the late Gothic style between 1489 and 1495 under Abbot Simon Lengenberger (1482–1498) by Martin Österreicher from Buchberg and consecrated on May 29, 1495 by Daniel Zehender, Vicar of Constance.

The Baroque transformation of the late Gothic church began in 1660 with the decoration of the sacristy and continued for eight decades. The transition from baroque to classicism is already taking place in the ceiling frescoes . The frescoes in the central nave by Johann Georg Bergmüller from 1727 to 1729 are baroque . The pictures that Johann Josef Anton Huber painted in the two side aisles in 1784 are already in the early classical style.

Pope Francis elevated the church to a minor basilica in 2019 .

Reliefs and statues

Allegory of Chastity

Sixteen relief representations, created by Gaspare Mola (around 1684–1746) around 1731/32, are attached above the arcade arches in the nave and in the choir. They show Christ, Mary and fourteen apostles . It is a great peculiarity in this church that the twelve apostles including Judas Iscariot are represented. Its attributes are purse and rope, but it is also provided with a halo. With his elected successor Matthias and the frequently represented Paul, the circle of apostles is expanded to fourteen.

The sixteen cornice figures, which are located between the windows on both sides of the central nave and the monks' choir and were created between 1729 and 1732, probably also come from Gaspare Mola. They are identified as virtues by Latin inscriptions and their attributes, some of which are held by putti. There are just as many gilded stucco reliefs with Bible scenes above the figures, which illustrate the respective virtue. Since three virtues are shown twice, we are dealing with thirteen different virtues, namely with the three divine virtues faith, hope and love, the four cardinal virtues prudence, prudence, strength and justice, the three evangelical counsels poverty, chastity and obedience and with humility, piety and self-giving as additions to these groups.

Frescoes

  • inner space
  • St. Georg Ochsenhausen-pjt3.jpg
  • St. Georg Ochsenhausen-pjt1.jpg
  • St. Georg Ochsenhausen-pjt2.jpg

In the side aisles of the nave, Johann Josef Anton Huber painted pictures of the twelve Articles of Faith of the Apostles' Creed . The cycle begins in the north aisle at the rosary altar and runs from east to west. In the south it continues at the Sebastian Altar and runs parallel. In the area of ​​the monk's choir, Huber depicted the four Latin church fathers in the north aisle and the four evangelists in the south . His gallery fresco in the center of the vestibule is from 1787 and has the theme of the expulsion of the merchants from the temple.

Choir stalls with choir organ on the left and sheet masks on the lower drums of the columns.

Organs

Organ of St. George

There are two historic organs in St. Georg : the large Gabler organ on the west gallery and the Höß organ in the choir room. Joseph Gabler created a work between 1728 and 1734, which he rebuilt from 1751 to 1755. The organ now had 47 stops on four manuals and a pedal . The main work and the solo are each on one side and are separated from each other by the central window. The parapet positive , which can be played from the third manual, is in the gallery parapet . The fourth manual, which Gabler designed as an echo work, is to a large extent above the central window and is supplied with air from a wind chest below the window, which also houses some pipes. In the course of later changes, the original play area was lost. Most of the pipework, however, was preserved, so that from 2000 to 2004 a comprehensive restoration to the state of 1755 was completed by Orgelbau Kuhn in collaboration with Johannes Klais Orgelbau . Today's disposition largely corresponds to that of 1755:

I Solo C – c 3
1. Borduen 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Coppel 8th'
4th Solicional 8th'
5. Violoncel 8th'
6th Quinta Tön 8th'
7th Unda Maris 8th'
8th. Flute: Trev: 4 ′
9. Pipe slack 4 ′
10. Fugari 4 ′
11. Piffaro II 4 ′
12. Trumpet 8th'
II main manual C – c 3
13. Principal 8th'
14th Lulls 8th'
15th viola 8th'
16. Quint 6 ′
17th Octav 4 ′
18th Sexq: Alt: III – IV 3 ′
19th Cornet III-V 2 ′
20th Sup: Oct: 2 ′
21st Mixture VI – VII 2 ′
III Breast positive C – c 3
22nd Double flute 8th'
23. Quinta Tön 8th'
24. Principal 4 ′
25th Flauto Dolce 4 ′
26th Piffaro II 4 ′
27. Flageolet 2 ′
28. Cornet III-IV 2 ′
29 Mixture III 1'
30th Vox Humana 8th'
31. Hautbois 4 ′
Tremulant
IV echo C-c 3
32. Principal 8th'
33. Rohr.Fla 8th'
34. Quinta Tön 8th'
35. Dolcian (from c 1 ) 8th'
36. Octav 4 ′
37. flute 4 ′
38. Violoncel 4 ′
39. Great: Oct 2 ′
40. Cymbala III 2 ′
41. Hautbois 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – d 1
42. Praestant 16 ′
43. Sub-bass 16 ′
44. Violon Bass II 16 ′
45. Octave bass 8th'
46. Mixture B. IV 6 ′
47. Trumpet B. 16 ′

The choir organ of St. Georg dates from 1780 and was built by Joseph Höß .

I main work C – d 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Coppel 8th'
3. Salicional 8th'
4th Violoncello 8th'
5. Octav 4 ′
6th Super octave 2 ′
7th Pointed flute 2 ′
8th. Cornett IV-V 4 ′
9. Mixture III-V 2 ′
10. oboe 8th'
II Positive C – d 3
11. Principal 8th'
12. Coppel 8th'
13. Drone 8th'
14th Gamba 8th'
15th Octav 4 ′
16. Lulls 4 ′
17th Waldflöt 2 ′
18th Rauschquint IV 2 ′
Pedal C – d 0
19th Sub-bass 16 ′
20th Violonbass 8th'
21st Octave bass 8th'
22nd Bombard 16 ′
  • Coupling: II / I, I / P

literature

Web links

Commons : St. Georg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ H.-J. Reiff, G. Spahr , D. Hauffe: Ochsenhausen monastery. History, art, present. Biberach 1985, p. 119.
  2. ↑ St. Georg monastery church in Ochsenhausen is a "Basilica minor". In: kathisch.de . November 3, 2019, accessed November 5, 2019 .
  3. ↑ For the history of the Gabler organ, see Klais organ building: Ochsenhausen, former monastery church , seen May 3, 2011.
  4. ↑ Disposition under Orgelbau Kuhn: Ochsenhausen , seen May 3, 2011.

Coordinates: 48 ° 3 ′ 51 ″  N , 9 ° 57 ′ 5 ″  E