Biberach an der Riss

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Biberach an der Riss
Biberach an der Riss
Map of Germany, position of the city of Biberach an der Riss highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 6 '  N , 9 ° 47'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Tübingen
County : Biberach
Height : 533 m above sea level NHN
Area : 72.16 km 2
Residents: 32,938 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 456 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 88400
Primaries : 07351, 07352, 07357
License plate : BC
Community key : 08 4 26 021
City structure: Core city and 4 districts

City administration address :
Marktplatz 7/1
88400 Biberach an der Riss
Website : biberach-riss.de
Lord Mayor : Norbert Zeidler (independent)
Location of the city of Biberach an der Riss in the Biberach district
Bayern Alb-Donau-Kreis Landkreis Ravensburg Landkreis Reutlingen Landkreis Sigmaringen Ulm Achstetten Alleshausen Allmannsweiler Altheim (bei Riedlingen) Attenweiler Bad Buchau Bad Schussenried Berkheim Betzenweiler Ummendorf (bei Biberach) Biberach an der Riß Burgrieden Dettingen an der Iller Dürmentingen Dürnau (Landkreis Biberach) Eberhardzell Erlenmoos Erolzheim Riedlingen Ertingen Gutenzell-Hürbel Hochdorf (Riß) Ingoldingen Kanzach Kirchberg an der Iller Kirchdorf an der Iller Kirchdorf an der Iller Langenenslingen Laupheim Laupheim Maselheim Mietingen Mittelbiberach Moosburg (Federsee) Ochsenhausen Oggelshausen Riedlingen Riedlingen Riedlingen Rot an der Rot Schemmerhofen Schwendi Seekirch Steinhausen an der Rottum Tannheim (Württemberg) Tiefenbach (Federsee) Ummendorf (bei Biberach) Unlingen Unlingen Uttenweiler Wain Warthausenmap
About this picture

Biberach an der Riß is a district town in northern Upper Swabia . Biberach was an imperial city (after 1648 a parity imperial city ), has been a major district town since February 1, 1962 and is the largest city in the district of the same name . The city ​​has entered into an agreed administrative partnership with the neighboring communities of Attenweiler , Eberhardzell , Hochdorf , Maselheim , Mittelbiberach , Ummendorf and Warthausen . Biberach is located on the Württemberg Southern Railway ( Ulm - Friedrichshafen ).

geography

Geographical location

Biberach - Panorama from Gigelberg
Biberach city view

Biberach is located in northern Upper Swabia at 524 to 653  m above sea level. NN , almost 40 kilometers south of Ulm and almost 30 kilometers west of Memmingen . The city is on both sides of the rift that gave its name to an ice age .

Neighboring communities

The following cities and communities border the city of Biberach an der Riss. They are named clockwise starting in the north and all belong to the Biberach district: Warthausen , Maselheim , Ochsenhausen , Ummendorf , Hochdorf , Ingoldingen , Mittelbiberach , Bad Schussenried , Oggelshausen , Tiefenbach and Attenweiler .

City structure

White tower with parts of the city ​​wall
View of the market square

The city consists of the core city and the formerly independent municipalities Mettenberg , Ringschnait, Rißegg and Stafflangen , which were incorporated as part of the municipal reform of the 1970s . The incorporated communities are today villages within the meaning of Baden-Wuerttemberg Municipal Code, that is, they each have one of the eligible voters in each local election to be elected Ortschaftsrat with a mayor as chairman. In each of the localities there is a local administration, the head of which is the local chief.

Some parts of the city still have spatially separated residential areas with their own names, which, however, usually have only a few inhabitants, or residential areas with their own names, whose names have emerged in the course of development and whose boundaries are usually not precisely defined. The following are to be mentioned in detail:

  • in the city center: Bachlangen, Bergerhausen, Birkendorf , Burren, Fünf Linden, Gaisental, Hagenbuch, Jordanbad , Mumpfental, Reichenbach and Wolfentalmühle
  • in Mettenberg: Hochstetter Hof and Königshofen
  • in Ringschnait: Bronnen, Schlottertal, Stockland, Winterreute and Ziegelhütte
  • in Rißegg: dump and bark moss
  • in Stafflangen: Aymühle, Eggelsbach, Eichen, Hofen, Maierhof, Mösmühle and Streitberg

Spatial planning

Biberach forms a middle center within the Donau-Iller region , the main centers of which are the cities of Ulm and Memmingen. In addition to Biberach itself, the cities and municipalities of the southern district of Biberach belong to the central area, specifically these are Attenweiler , Bad Schussenried , Berkheim , Dettingen an der Iller , Eberhardzell , Erlenmoos , Erolzheim , Gutenzell-Hürbel , Hochdorf , Ingoldingen , Kirchberg an der Iller , Kirchdorf an der Iller , Maselheim , Mittelbiberach , Ochsenhausen , Rot an der Rot , Schemmerhofen , Steinhausen an der Rottum , Tannheim , Ummendorf and Warthausen .

history

Early days

Old weaver's house in Biberach

Evidence of the early Roman settlement can be found in the form of a villa rustica in the urban "Burrenwald" ( 48 ° 7 ′ 10.2 ″  N , 9 ° 44 ′ 28.7 ″  E ). Excavation results date the Roman manor to the 2nd century AD. Remnants of the courtyard can be seen in the city's Braith Mali Museum . Further Roman sites are in the corridors “Birkenstock”, “Mauren” near Stafflangen and “Kirchäcker” near Ummendorf. The manors supplied the border troops on the Limes.

Map from 1643

Imperial city

Biberach was first mentioned in a document in 1083. At that time, today's urban area was in the Duchy of Swabia . The market settlement was founded around 1170 and was first mentioned as a city in 1226. In 1281/82 Biberach was raised to an imperial city by Rudolf I von Habsburg . In 1312 Ulm law was introduced. The hospital was founded around 1239 , a charitable institution for all citizens that still owns forests and operates the community home (retirement home). In contrast to other imperial cities, Biberach did not succeed in forming a territory beyond the city limits. The surrounding area always belonged to other rulers. With the introduction of cotton in the 14th century, Biberach grew into an important weaving town . Biberach barchents and canvas were exported to all of Europe. Several weavers' houses from the 15th century are still preserved. see also Burg Streitberg

The village of Baltringen belonged to the Biberach hospital. There was a center of the German Peasants' War in 1524 .

From 1500 the imperial city belonged to the Swabian Empire . As a result of the Reformation , Biberach developed into a mixed denominational imperial city. During the Thirty Years War , Swedish troops occupied the city on April 20, 1632 and had the Protestant baptismal font set up again in the city ​​parish church the next day . On May 31, 1632, imperial soldiers approached the city under the command of Colonel Wolfgang Rudolf von Ossa. The city's Catholics were locked up in the city parish church for three days and only released again when Ossa withdrew after his storm on June 2, which failed with heavy losses. After the Swedes under Field Marshal Count Gustaf Horn began the siege of Constance on September 7, 1633 , the commander-in-chief of the army of the Imperial Count Johann von Aldringen took the opportunity and pushed forward to Biberach on September 24. On September 26th, the imperial forces shot at the White Tower with cannons and took over the city on September 27th. But on March 25, 1634 the Swedes recaptured the city, but could not hold it for long. On September 6th they suffered a heavy defeat in the battle of Nördlingen ; Horn was captured. After that, the imperial family recaptured almost all of southern Germany. The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 introduced an equal government and administrative system for Biberach as well as for Ravensburg , Augsburg and Dinkelsbühl (equal rights and exact distribution of offices between Catholics and Protestants, see parity imperial city ).

Despite the damage suffered in the Thirty Years' War, the population rose to over 4,000 in the second half of the 18th century. With this, Biberach overtook the long-distance trading center of Ravensburg, which has been much more important since the late Middle Ages.

Due to the development of modern artillery , the existing city fortifications - consisting of a double wall ring with walls up to two meters thick and up to six meters high, lower walls, deep ditches and moats as well as the towers and city gates - became militarily superfluous. In peacetime they were only needed to collect the admission fee. Therefore, in 1790 work began on tearing down the outer, weaker wall, the Zwingewalls and individual sections of the inner wall.

Württemberg time

As a result of the Peace of Luneville and the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss Biberach came to the Electorate or later Grand Duchy of Baden , which took possession of the city on September 25, 1802. But it was in 1806 by the Act of Confederation, against the cities of Villingen , Bräunlingen and Tuttlingen and the county Bonndorf to the Kingdom of Württemberg replaced, the took the city on 24 October 1806 in possession. In 1810, Biberach was elevated to the status of an upper office town and the seat of the Württemberg upper office Biberach , which, with minor changes, replaced the briefly formed upper office Ochsenhausen.

In February 1813, an anti-French attack was pinned to the four city gates. In response to this, the demolition of all masonry in Biberach was ordered, but not carried out. In October 1836 the gate lock and the gate fee were lifted in consideration of further accessions to the German Customs Union. With this, the city fortifications lost their last meaning as financial defense and further demolitions followed, in which the majority of the gates and towers were demolished. Only a small part of the wall between the White Tower and the Gigelberg Tower and in the area of ​​the Ulmer Tor remained.

On May 26, 1849, the Ravensburg-Biberach railway was opened to traffic and the city was connected to the Württemberg railway network. From June 29, 1850, a continuous connection from Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen was available.

During the administrative reforms during the Nazi era in Württemberg , the Oberamt became the district of Biberach in 1934 , from which the district of Biberach emerged in 1938 .

Biberach in the Second World War

During the Second World War in 1939 the Wehrmacht set up a prisoner-of-war camp called " Lager Lindele " on the site of today's riot police . There were Soviet prisoners of war housed, of which 146 were killed. From September 1942, residents of the Channel Islands Guernsey and Jersey were deported to Germany, some of them were taken to the Lindele camp . In November 1944, 149 oriental Jews from Tripoli were imprisoned here. In January 1945, 133 prisoners from the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp were added, mostly Dutch Jews. The Jews who died in Biberach during this time were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Laupheim in 1945 .

During the war there were several air raids on Biberach. During the first attack on July 24, 1944, an express train from Berlin was attacked by low-flying aircraft; one person was killed. At the beginning of April 1945 a hospital train was shot at. There were 13 deaths. The heaviest attack on Biberach took place on April 12th: seven Allied aircraft bombed the area around the station, affecting Ulmer-Tor-Strasse, Bahnhofstrasse, Bürgerturmstrasse and the fruit market. 55 people were killed and 14 injured. 37 buildings were destroyed in the attack, 24 badly damaged, 15 moderate and around 100 light. In the days after this attack, there were individual low-level aircraft attacks in which a total of six people were killed.

Eleven days after the attack, the city was occupied by French forces on April 23, 1945 . The planned defense of Biberach was not implemented: a battalion located here for this purpose was withdrawn and the men of the Volkssturm were sent home. In addition, local citizens opened previously set up anti-tank barriers. At 4:30 p.m. the first French tanks rolled onto the market square and Mayor Joseph Hammer handed over the city. Nevertheless, there were still several skirmishes between German and French troops in the area: Twelve German soldiers died trying to stop the French on the Mittelbiberacher Steige. A French soldier was killed at the Jordanbad. The French then stopped their advance on the city and shot at it. An unknown number of civilians were killed or wounded in the process. Even after the occupation of the city, there were repeated clashes in the surrounding area between French troops and scattered German units that the French had left behind on their rapid advance through Upper Swabia.

After the Second World War until today

The city of Biberach was in the French occupation zone in 1945 and thus came to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern in 1947 , which in 1952 became the administrative district of Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern in the state of Baden-Württemberg.

In order to be able to accommodate around 12,500 displaced persons from East Prussia , Silesia and Pomerania in Biberach after the war , apartments urgently had to be built. With the establishment of "Biberacher Wohnungshilfe", the acquisition of cooperative shares, private loans and support from the city, the groundbreaking ceremony for three new houses on the Galgenberg took place on July 2, 1949. 1500 new residential units were built by 1958 and a total of 3,000 by 1962. In addition, new schools had to be built. The first was the Dollinger School on April 18, 1953, which was followed a short time later by the new municipal high school on the Pflugwiesen in March 1962. In the same year, it was decided to build the Birkendorf elementary school.

As a result of immigration, the city passed the threshold of 20,000 inhabitants in the early 1960s. The city administration then submitted the application for a major district town, which the state government of Baden-Württemberg approved on January 1, 1962. With the incorporation of the four neighboring communities Stafflangen, Ringschnait, Rißegg and Mettenberg in the years 1972 to 1975, the urban area reached its present size. During the district reform on January 1, 1973, the Biberach district was enlarged.

To relieve the only railway bridge on Eselsberg, a valley crossbar was built in 1971 about a kilometer further south in the course of Königsbergallee, which crosses the crack and the railway line. The bridge was partly built on an existing embankment, which was part of a railway line to Uttenweiler planned before the First World War . But this was never realized. A few years earlier, from 1958 to 1968, the old B 30 in the area of ​​Ulmer and Memminger Strasse was expanded to four lanes in order to relieve the city center of north-south traffic. Another step in this direction was taken in 1981, when the B 30 was rebuilt like a motorway and relocated to the east. In order to further relieve the inner city, the so-called “north-west bypass” was built from the B 312 along the airfield into the Riss valley south of Warthausen and released in 2013. It is planned to connect the northwest bypass from there to the B 30 via a subsequent ascent to Mettenberg.

On June 27, 1983, a French Mirage IIIC fighter aircraft (registration number 342/33-CR) collided with a Partenavia P.68 business jet ( aircraft registration number D-GFPH ) over the city. The fighter-bomber crashed in a residential area near the Thomae drug factory in the Birkendorf district. Seven people were killed in the accident and 13 others injured.

Incorporations

The following communities or places were already incorporated into the city of Biberach an der Riss:

  • 1864: Birkendorf
  • 1934: Bergerhausen with Hagenbuch, Jordanbad and Reichenbach

With the regional reform in Baden-Württemberg in the 1970s, the following places were incorporated:

  • January 1, 1972: Ringschnait and Stafflangen
  • January 1, 1974: Rißegg
  • January 1, 1975: Mettenberg

History of the incorporated places

Ringschnait with a view of the Zugspitze
Coat of arms of Bergerhausen Bergerhausen was incorporated into Biberach as early as 1934. These included the three districts Jordanbad, Reichenbach and Hagenbuch, which was a subsidiary of Ummendorf until 1830. In 1925 there were 671 inhabitants in Bergerhausen.
Biberach-Mettenberg coat of arms Mettenberg was first mentioned around 1258 as Mettenberc. The place belonged to the rule Warthausen and in the 13th century was partly owned by the Biberach Hospital and the Heggbach Monastery. In 1806 the place fell to Württemberg and was assigned to the Oberamt Biberach.
Ringschnait coat of arms Ringschnait was first mentioned in 1083 as Rincsneuth. A local nobility is mentioned until 1120 and 1308. Ownership was owned by the Ochsenhausen Monastery, which in 1283 acquired the bailiff from Schenk Konrad von Winterstetten . In 1293 the place came from Schenk Hermann von Otterswang to the monastery Heggbach , in 1303 to the monastery Salem and in 1334 also to Ochsenhausen. The place remained there until 1803, then came to Prince Metternich-Winneburg and in 1806 to Württemberg, where it was assigned to the Oberamt Biberach.
Rissegg coat of arms Rißegg was first mentioned around 1128 as Russeck. In addition to the local nobility, the Warthausen rulership had possessions, from which Württemberg came to in 1806 and then belonged to the Biberach Oberamt.
Stafflangen coat of arms Stafflangen was first mentioned around 1200 as Staphelangen. This place may also have belonged to the Warthausen rulership, but then came from Jop von Stadion via the lords of Sulmingen and several patricians from Biberach to the Schussenried monastery , which acquired the Beuron monastery in 1737 . In 1803 the place fell to the Lords of Sternberg-Manderscheid and in 1806 to Württemberg, where it was assigned to the Oberamt Waldsee. In 1842 Stafflangen was also assigned to the Biberach regional office.

Population development

Population figures according to the respective area. The figures are census results (¹) or official updates from the respective statistical offices ( main residences only ).

Population development of Biberach an der Riß.svgPopulation development of Biberach an der Riss - from 1871 onwards
Desc-i.svg
Population development of Biberach an der Riss. Above from 1500 to 2017. Below a section from 1871
year Residents
1500 approx. 3,500
1648 approx. 2,500
1700 approx. 3,400
1810 4,323
1834 4,805
1858 5,531
December 1, 1871 7.091
December 1, 1880 7,799
December 1, 1900 8,390
December 1, 1910 9,360
June 16, 1925 10,065
June 16, 1933 10,426
May 17, 1939 11,434
September 13, 1950 14,984
year Residents
June 6, 1961 21,524
May 27, 1970 25,665
December 31, 1975 28,891
December 31, 1980 28,284
May 27, 1987 28,121
December 31, 1990 29,635
December 31, 1995 30,862
December 31, 2000 31,593
December 31, 2005 32,282
December 31, 2010 32,394
May 9, 2011 (census) 30,908
December 31, 2015 32,233
December 31, 2017 32,801

religion

The area of ​​today's city of Biberach an der Riß belonged to the diocese of Constance from 585 until the dissolution of the diocese in 1821 . In 1521 Lutheran teaching spread in Biberach and in 1523 Lutheran preaching was started for the first time. In 1529, the majority of the citizens voted for the introduction of the Reformation , but just a year later at the Reichstag in Augsburg, the position was again undecided. In 1531 the Catholic mass was finally banned and the Swiss church order was introduced. In 1536 the city signed the Wittenberg Agreement and in 1537 it joined the Schmalkaldic League . However, there were still Catholics in the city. The parish church of St. Martin and Maria has been used by both denominations since then. The choir rooms belonged to the Catholics, the nave to the Protestants. In 1649 the parity of both denominations was officially introduced. With the papal bull Provida solersque of August 16, 1821, which regulated the diocese boundaries and the ecclesiastical authorities in southwest Germany, the Catholic community came to the newly founded diocese Rottenburg (today Rottenburg-Stuttgart ). The Protestant community was independent until 1802 and was then assigned to the Blaubeuren deanery . In 1810 Biberach itself became the seat of a deanery (see church district Biberach ) within the Evangelical Church in Württemberg .

View of the old town

In addition to the parish church of St. Martin, which is used simultaneously, there are the following other Protestant churches and parishes: Heilig-Geist-Kirche on the Protestant cemetery (built 1649/62), Friedenskirche (built 1963/66, with windows by Georg Meistermann ) and Dietrich- Bonhoeffer Church on the Mittelberg (built 1977). These three parishes, together with the neighboring parish of Ummendorf and the Protestant parish parish of St. Martin, form the Evangelical overall parish of Biberach. The Protestant parish of St. Martin has the Protestant hospital church as a further preaching office. This is the upper ward of the former Heilig-Geist-Hospital. The actual hospital church (renovated in 1978), which is located right next to the Protestant hospital church, is used by the Catholic community of Biberach. Other Catholic churches and chapels in Biberach are, in addition to the parish church of St. Martin, which is used simultaneously, the Magdalenenkapelle in the Catholic cemetery (built in 1404), the former Michaelskapelle ( profaned in 1533 , but today no longer used as a church and as a room in one of the two Catholic parish houses of the parish of St. Martin integrated), the parish church of St. Josef in Birkendorf (built in 1957) and the parish church of the Holy Trinity on the Mittelberg (built in 1967/69).

The Biberach districts remained Catholic after the Reformation, as the respective local lords did not allow Protestant teaching. Therefore there is a Catholic church or parish there, namely St. Alban Mettenberg (built in 1786), Assumption of Mary Ringschnait (built in 1725), St. Remigius Stafflangen (built in 1759/70) and St. Gallus Rißegg (built in the 15th century). Century, but demonstrable since the 14th century, expanded in the 1930s). The last-mentioned community forms with the three communities of the core city (St. Martin, St. Josef and Zur Heilesten Dreifaltigkeit) the total Catholic community of Biberach. But today there are also Protestants in all parts of Biberach. The Protestants from the districts of Mettenberg and Stafflangen are looked after by the parish of Biberach, those from Ringschnait from Ochsenhausen and those from Rißegg from Ummendorf.

In addition to the two large churches, there are also congregations in Biberach an der Riss that belong to free churches , including an Evangelical Free Church (Baptist congregation), an Adventist congregation, a Free Christian congregation and a congregation of the Evangelical Free Church Treffpunkt Leben. The New Apostolic Church and Jehovah's Witnesses are also represented in Biberach an der Riss.

politics

Municipal council

The new town hall from 1503

Since the local elections in 2014 in Biberach in 1972 introduced is fake part choice of venue is no longer carried out. In the four suburbs, however, the local councils will be retained. The local election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following:

Local elections 2019
Turnout: 56.88% (2009: 46.7%)
 %
30th
20th
10
0
28.38
15.86
15.98
26.83
8.96
n. k.
3.98
FW / UB
Otherwise
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
-5.22
-3.44
-1.32
+10.13
-1.04
-0.8
+1.78
FW / UB
Otherwise
1
5
9
3
5
9
A total of 32 seats

Mayor and Lord Mayor

At the head of the city of Biberach an der Riss, the Ammann stood as chairman of the court from the 13th century . There was also a mayor from 1349. In 1312 the Ulm law had already been introduced. In 1396 the city bought the office of Ammann, and from 1401 the ban on blood was finally with the city. From 1649 two city councilors were appointed every year.

From 1294 a council is also mentioned, which has consisted of a small council and a large council since the 15th century. There were also three mayors on the council. The number of members and cast changed several times. In the Württemberg period, a city school was used. Since 1935, the mayor of the official title since the survey to district town in 1962 was from the city mayor Mayor carries. This is elected today for a term of 8 years. He is chairman of the municipal council and head of the city administration. His general deputies are the 1st and 2nd aldermen, each with the official title "Mayor".

Mayor of the city is Norbert Zeidler (independent), he succeeded Thomas Fettback ( SPD ) , who resigned, in 2013 .

Mayor since 1806

Norbert Zeidler (left) at the announcement of the OB election results (2012)
  • 1806–1819: Karl Josef Anton von Klockh and Georg Ludwig Stecher
  • 1819–1823: Georg Ludwig Stecher
  • 1823–1830: Georg Ludwig Gottlieb Tritschler
  • 1830–1859: Christoph Sebastian von Mayer
  • 1859–1881: Josef Anton Alfons Gebel
  • 1881–1892: Karl Friedrich Nicolai
  • 1893–1913: Karl Müller
  • 1913–1923: Alfred Doll
  • 1923–1945: Josef Hammer
  • 1945–1964: Wilhelm Leger
  • 1964–1994: Claus-Wilhelm Hoffmann
  • 1994–2012: Thomas Fettback
  • since 2013: Norbert Zeidler

badges and flags

The coat of arms of the city of Biberach an der Riss shows an erect, golden crowned beaver in blue . The city colors are blue-yellow.

Flag of Biberach an der Riss

The beaver as a “talking coat of arms symbol” appears for the first time in the seal of 1258. In addition, the imperial eagle was also used as a symbol of the imperial city. The beaver was also depicted on an eagle's breastplate. The coat of arms in use today was on July 18, 1488 by Emperor Friedrich III. Awarded in recognition of the special services of the municipal contingent in the liberation of King Maximilian from captivity in the city of Bruges.

Town twinning

Biberach has relationships with five twin cities and one island:

For the partnership with the Channel Island of Guernsey, the former Lord Mayor Fettback was honored in 2005 by Queen Elizabeth II with the appointment of Officer of the Order of the British Empire .

Culture and sights

Biberach is also a stop on the Oberschwäbische Barockstraße , the Mühlenstraße Oberschwaben and the Schwäbische Dichterstraße . The Upper Swabian Way of St. James from Nuremberg via Ulm to Konstanz and on to Santiago de Compostela has also led through Biberach since the Middle Ages. Biberach is also a station on the German Half-timbered Road . A route with six cities connects to the existing Black Forest route in Herrenberg and to the already established Neckar route in Kirchheim / Teck and leads via Bad Urach , Blaubeuren , Riedlingen , Biberach, Pfullendorf to Meersburg . With a total length of 560 km, the route “From the Neckar to the Black Forest and Lake Constance ” is the second longest route in Germany.

Muszla Jakuba.svg
Navigation bar Jakobsweg " Oberschwäbischer Jakobsweg "

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Theater, cinema and music

Comedy house in the Alte Schlachtmetzig
  • Biberach has the oldest and largest children's theater and the oldest amateur theater in Germany, the " Dramatic Association ". There is also the theater in the Gigelberghalle and the theater in the Komödienhaus, both of which are municipal theaters.
  • The Biberach Autumn Cabaret has been taking place in October and November since 1993 . National and international greats of cabaret meet in the cabaret series.
  • Since 1978, the " Biberach Film Festival " has been held every autumn , called the "Family Festival of German Films".
  • The musical activities in Biberach include the “Spring Music” (in May) and the “Biberach Music Night”.
  • The town is particularly influenced by church music from the St. Martin's choir boys in Biberach .

Museums

Wieland garden house
  • The Braith Mali Museum , housed in the rooms of the former Hospital of the Holy Spirit , shows the history of the city, the history of flax , spinning and weaving in Biberach as well as paintings and the painter's studios of the animal painters Anton Braith and Christian Mali as well as a collection of Works by the expressionist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner .
  • The Wieland Museum was founded in 1907 by the Biberach Art and Antiquity Association. It is housed in the original garden houses that Christoph Martin Wieland (1733–1813) rented in Biberach. The exhibition shows Wieland's life and works.
  • In the foyer of the “Traumpalast” cinema center, the Baden-Württemberg Film and Cinema Museum is showing, among other things, historical photo and film equipment from the early days to the present.
  • In the Ringschnait district there is the nest box and bird protection museum , which shows over 500 different models of nest boxes for birds and bats, as well as a collection of nests and documents the history of nest boxes since the 16th century.

Memorials

In the so-called "Russenfriedhof" right next to the Protestant cemetery on the former Bundesstrasse 30, a memorial stone and a Russian Orthodox atonement cross remember 614 prisoners of war and forced laborers , women, men and children from the Soviet Union and other countries who were in the camp during the Second World War Lindele perished.

Buildings

Ulmer Tor, part of the city fortifications
White tanner mill from 1699 on the Bleicherbach

The townscape of Biberach is characterized by the market square with the patrician houses , the market fountain, the renovated town halls, the tower of the Gothic parish church of St. Martin as well as the medieval architecture and the two towers White Tower and Gigelturm, which tower over the former weavers' quarter Weberberg .

Sacred buildings

  • The former Gothic, later Baroque-style parish church of St. Martin was built between 1337 and 1366. It has been used jointly by both Christian denominations since 1548 , making it one of the oldest simultaneous churches in Germany.
  • The Magdalenenkirche was built in 1404 as the infirmary chapel of St. Maria Magdalena with a churchyard and wall. It was the nucleus of the Biberach Reformation. Today it serves as the cemetery church of the Catholic cemetery and was renovated in 2006.
  • Franciscan convent Sta. Maria de Victoria in the parts of the building is today the Biberach District Court and the Biberach branch of the State Building Construction Office I Ulm.
  • For the other churches in the city cf. Religion section .

Secular buildings

  • The Hospital of the Holy Spirit is the largest ensemble of buildings in Biberach's old town. It was founded as a charitable foundation in the middle of the 13th century and built at the beginning of the 16th century. The restoration of the east and west wings took place between 1992 and 2000. The building complex now houses the Braith Mali Museum and building department.
  • The "Ulmer Tor" from 1365 is the last remaining city gate from the medieval city fortifications, most of which was dismantled in 1803.
  • The former salt barn with the imperial city's wine cellar from 1513 is located on Kapellenplatz, around which other historical buildings are grouped.
  • Thermal and spa " Jordanbad " : In 1470 the "Spitalbad" was first mentioned in a document. In 1889, the Franciscan Sisters of Reute opened the first medically managed Kneipp 'water sanatorium in Germany. Today the thermal , brine and family baths with sauna area , wellness area and four-star park hotel, opened after modernization in 2003, are owned by the Catholic St. Elisabeth Foundation .
  • The Hugo Häring House was built in 1949/1950 as a late work by the well-known Biberach architect Hugo Häring (modern and organic building). The architecture was based on Japanese influences on the well-being of the people living in it. The house has been restored to its original state, furnished with original furniture by Hugo Häring and made accessible as a museum.
  • White tannery fulling mill Kolesch am Bleicherbach: built in 1699 - the oldest and last still active fulling mill in Germany - with several fulling hammers from the white tannery (old-semic tannery), in which leather is still processed according to old tradition.
  • The red building is a listed brick building from the 19th century, which today houses the city archive of Biberach and the Wieland archive after various different uses .
  • Other monuments are the castle Biberach , Kesselburg , castle Rißegg , castle Röhrwangen and the villa rustica (Burrenwald) .

Regular events

Shooting festival

The Biberacher Schützenfest is the most important Biberach children's and local festival and takes place in the last whole school week before the summer holidays (usually in July). The main festival days are the Monday of the rifle, the Tuesday of the rifle and the second Sunday called the "Bauernschützen". The students from Biberach take part in the “Colorful Train” and “Historical Train” as well as in the drawing (tombola without a stake). For the upper classes, beaver shooting takes place in parallel, in which a crossbow is used to shoot a target with a beaver becomes. The two best marksmen (boy and girl) become marksman king and queen and take part in the historical parade.

Others

  • The Biberach Film Festival has been one of the cultural highlights of the city's life for over 30 years , the oldest festival entirely dedicated to German-language film. In 2008 the film festival was supplemented for the third time by a small, independent Biberacher Independent Film Festival.
  • The political Ash Wednesday of the Greens traditionally takes place in the Biberach town hall.
  • Since 1735 the Biberach blood riders have been riding on Ascension Day to the relic of the Holy Blood in Weingarten.
  • The Christoph-Martin-Wieland Translator Prize has been awarded every two years in Biberach since 1979 .

Sports

The gymnastics community Biberach 1847 e. V. is one of the largest associations in the region with almost 6,500 members. In 28 departments, from volleyball, athletics, tennis and chess to Taekwondo, popular and top-class sports are offered. The most successful team within the TG Biberach is the 1st women's team in the volleyball division, which competes in the 3rd Bundesliga South. The TG Biberach is the home club of Markus Deibler and Steffen Deibler . The German tennis championships have been held in Biberach since 2010 .

Also worth mentioning is the BMX initiative with its 5,100  practice area, which also attracts interested people from a great distance.

The track and field tournament "World Class in Biberach" took place several times at the end of June / beginning of July.

Since 2015, the VOLLMERCup has been held on the market square in Biberach, "Germany's most beautiful shot put arena" .

Over 1000 handball players from Germany and other European countries, including many young people, are regularly guests at the International Biberach Easter Tournament .

The city run for the Cup of the Kreissparkasse Biberach (previously: Boehringer Ingelheim Cup) takes place in Biberach every September. In addition to numerous amateurs and schoolchildren, professionals from all over the world take part in the “Lauf der Ase”, giving the city run the flair of an international spectacle.

Culinary

Knauzenwecken

The most popular local baked goods include “ Seele ”, “ Knauzenwecken ” and - during Lent - the “ Lastenbrezel ”. The “Schützenkrapfen” (puff pastry with raspberry jam) is available exclusively for the Schützenfest. The "Biberacher Milzle", a specialty made from seven types of meat, mainly offal, is rarely found on menus today.

The Herrgöttle of Biberach

The in Swabian dialect much-quoted "Mr. Göttle of Biberach" is actually the "Lord of Göttle beaver b ach" (in the northern district of Augsburg ) and is a much-visited holy image in the local sanctuary .

The shadow of the donkey

The city's most famous son is Christoph Martin Wieland. His "History of the Abderites" , in which the ancient shield citizens lead a trial for the shadow of a donkey , is a plea for civil peace and a parable for the loss of democratic virtues through discord. In 2000, a donkey sculpture designed by Peter Lenk was inaugurated.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Biberach lies at the intersection of federal highways 30 ( Ulm - Friedrichshafen ), 312 ( Stuttgart - Memmingen ) and 465 . From the southern end of the city to the A 7 motorway slip road, which ends at the Hittistetten junction, the B 30 is consistently four-lane. In 2013, the northwest bypass (NWU) was opened, which connects the B 312 (Riedlinger Straße) with the L 267 (Ulmer Straße). Germany’s only bat bridges with construction costs totaling around € 400,000 run through the NWU .

Biberach (Riss) railway station

The Württemberg Southern Railway Ulm – Friedrichshafen, opened on May 26, 1849, crosses the city as a double-track, but not electrified line. In Biberach there are the train stations Biberach (Riß) and Biberach (Riß) Süd . The city belongs to the Donau-Iller-Nahverkehrsverbund (DING).

With the " Flugplatz Biberach ad Riß ", Biberach has a commercial landing area that is approved for aircraft up to 6.3 t - that is, up to the class of typical business jets (ICAO identification: EDMB). In spring 2005, the asphalt runway, which had been in existence since 1999, was extended to a total of 1,200 m due to stricter EU regulations with an aborted take-off section. The nearest regional airports are Memmingen and Friedrichshafen , the nearest international airport is Stuttgart Airport .

Local businesses

Biberach is the seat of several global companies:

  • Boehringer Ingelheim - Biberach site (formerly Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH. Pharmaceutical company with Europe's largest plant for the biotechnological production of active pharmaceutical ingredients with 5,621 employees and 265 trainees in 2015)
  • EnBW - Regional Center Oberschwaben (third largest energy company in Germany, parent company of Yello Strom )
  • Gustav Gerster GmbH & Co KG (curtain and trimmings factory )
  • KaVo Dental GmbH (manufacturer of dental and dental laboratory supplies with around 3,300 employees, part of the American group Danaher )
  • Liebherr Group (manufacture of tower cranes and drive technology components with around 2,200 employees at the Biberach location)
  • Handtmann group of companies (light metal foundry, system components, automotive suppliers, machines for the food industry, fittings and systems for the beverage industry, machining centers and plastics technology with 2,150 employees at the Biberach location)
Fountain in front of the Biberach district clinic 2012

Court, authorities and institutions

As a district town, Biberach is the seat of the district office of the district of Biberach . Biberach is also the seat of the district court of Biberach an der Riss , which belongs to the regional court district of Ravensburg and the higher regional court district of Stuttgart . The Biberach tax office is also located in the city.

The Biberach branch of the Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW), the local Biberach / Riß technical aid organization and the Biberach customs office are also located in the city.

The city is also the seat of the Biberach church district of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg and the Biberach deanery association of the Rottenburg-Stuttgart diocese , to which the deaneries of Biberach , Laupheim, Ochsenhausen, Riedlingen and Saulgau belong.

media

The Schwäbische Zeitung (local edition Biberach) reports on local and regional daily events with its editor-in-chief Gerd Mägerle. The SWR maintains a correspondent office in Biberach, which reports mainly for SWR4 . The private range transmitters for Biberach and the surrounding area are Radio 7 from Ravensburg (105.0 MHz) and Donau 3 FM . Since January 2012, the city of Biberach has published the Biberach municipal bulletin , which is usually distributed to all households on Wednesdays. Free weekly newspapers are the Wochenblatt and the Südfinder , as well as the monthly events magazines akzente and Blix .

education

Biberach is the seat of the Biberach University of Applied Sciences with the four faculties of architecture and energy , construction and project management , business administration and biotechnology .

The city of Biberach an der Riß is responsible for two high schools ( Pestalozzi-Gymnasium and Wieland-Gymnasium ), a secondary school (Dollinger-Realschule), a special school (plowing school with school kindergarten for children in need of support), a Werkrealschule (Mali-Werkrealschule) and eight elementary schools ( Birkendorf elementary school, Braith elementary school, Gaisental elementary school, Mittelberg elementary school and one elementary school each in the districts of Mettenberg, Ringschnait, Rissegg and Stafflangen).

The district of Biberach is responsible for the Gebhard-Müller-Schule (commercial school), the Karl-Arnold-Schule ( commercial school Biberach ), the Matthias-Erzberger-Schule (home and agricultural school), the Schwarzbach school for the mentally handicapped with a school kindergarten and the nursing school at the Biberach district clinics. There is also the carpenter training center, which carries out cross-company training to become a carpenter for almost all of Baden-Württemberg. The Biberach Police School is also located in Biberach .

The following private schools round off Biberach's educational offer: Biberach evening secondary school, Bischof-Sproll-Bildungszentrum (Catholic elementary, secondary and secondary school as well as grammar school), Hauchler Studio GmbH and Co. (school for printing and repro technology), technical school for agriculture, school for the physically handicapped in Biberach, the school for the speech-impaired in Biberach and the training center in italics for coaching, school support and those with poor performance.

The city is the namesake of the so-called Biberach model , in which the pupils of the old-language grammar schools in Baden-Württemberg start with two foreign languages ​​( Latin and English) in the fifth grade .

Complementary educational institutions of various sponsors are the Braith-Mali-Museum with a museum educational offer, the working group for professional development, the adult education center, the youth art school and the Bruno-Frey-music school. The Protestant Church provides a family education center, and there is also the bfz-Biberach, a professional training center for the Bavarian economy.

Personalities

literature

  • Heinrich Bock: Wieland in Biberach and Weimar. Klett, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-12-895020-2 .
  • Dieter Buttschardt among others: Biberach an der Riss. Panorama of a city. 2nd revised, newly illustrated and enlarged edition. Biberacher Verlag-Druckerei, Biberach 1989, ISBN 3-924489-43-2 .
  • Hans-Hermann Garlepp: The peasant war of 1525 around Biberach ad Riss. An economic and social historical consideration of the rebellious farmers, Lang, Frankfurt am Main [u. a.] 1987, ISBN 3-8204-0274-8 (= writings on European social and constitutional history , volume 5, also dissertation at the Free University of Berlin , 1987).
  • Erich Keyser (Ed.): Württembergisches Städtebuch. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1962 ( German city book. Vol. 4, 2).
  • Dieter Stievermann et al. (Ed.): History of the city of Biberach. Theiss, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0564-7 .
  • Hedwig Kisel among others: Biberach a significant city. Self-published, Biberach 1948 (reprint. Biberacher Verlags-Druckerei, Biberach 1990, ISBN 3-924489-52-1 ).
  • Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger : Description of the Oberamt Biberach . Cotta, Stuttgart and Tübingen 1837 ( full text at Wikisource ).

Web links

Commons : Biberach an der Riss  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Biberach  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ Dieter Stievermann: History of the city of Biberach . Theiss, 1991. p. 204
  3. ^ Heinrich Gottfried Gengler: Regesta and documents on the constitutional and legal history of German cities in the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863, pp. 208–212 .
  4. Kurt Diemer: Biberach an der Riß - On the history of an Upper Swabian town . Biberacher Verlagsdruckerei GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach 2007, ISBN 978-3-933614-31-5 , p. 149-151 .
  5. Dieter Stievermann: History of the City of Biberach (special cover) . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0564-7 , p. 499 ff .
  6. Dieter Stievermann: History of the City of Biberach (special cover) . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0564-7 , p. 513 .
  7. Dieter Stievermann: History of the City of Biberach (special cover) . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0564-7 , p. 519 .
  8. Jewish history in Biberach in: Alemannia Judaica
  9. Dieter Stievermann: History of the City of Biberach (special cover) . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0564-7 , p. 600 .
  10. Dieter Stievermann: History of the City of Biberach (special cover) . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0564-7 , p. 619-620 .
  11. Dieter Stievermann: History of the City of Biberach (special cover) . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0564-7 , p. 650 .
  12. Dieter Stievermann: History of the City of Biberach (special cover) . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-8062-0564-7 , p. 659 .
  13. Biberach-riss.de. Retrieved August 11, 2010 .
  14. http://www.swr.de/swr4/bw/regional/schwaben/programm/spatz/sonstige/-/id=2372276/nid=2372276/did=2690866/weuqr4/index.html
  15. Biberach remembers an airplane disaster ( Memento from August 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  16. accident report Partenavia P.68 D-GFPH , Aviation Safety Network WikiBase (English), accessed on 25 January 2020th
  17. ^ Accident report Mirage III 342/33-CR , Aviation Safety Network WikiBase , accessed on January 25, 2020.
  18. 5000 guilders for the association. (PDF) In: Biberach Kommunal Nr. 24/14, page July 9 , 2014, accessed on July 5, 2014 .
  19. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 525, 544 and 545 .
  20. ^ Full text at Wikisource Johann Daniel Georg v. Memminger: Municipality of Stafflangen , from description of the Oberamt Waldsee . Cotta, Stuttgart and Tübingen 1834
  21. a b c d e f g h i j k census result
  22. Article V § 3 of the Osnabrück Peace Treaty (Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis, IPO)
  23. Council abolishes false choice of part of town on schwaebische.de Article in the Schwäbische Zeitung from February 28, 2011
  24. Local elections 2019 Biberach an der Riss. In: State Statistical Office. May 26, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019 .
  25. Baden-Württemberg Film and Cinema Museum
  26. Stefan Bosch: From Starentopf to wood concrete . Nature Conservation Today 4/2007, p. 22.
  27. Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation . Volume I, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 24.
  28. Sights. In: www.biberach-tourismus.de. Retrieved January 25, 2014 .
  29. Katy Cuko: Competition of the wellness temple . An overview of the thermal baths' offers . In: Südkurier from November 6, 2010
  30. ^ Ulrich Heinzelmann: Das Herrgöttle von Biberach. ( Memento of October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Online on Stuttgarter Nachrichten of April 1, 2009, accessed on June 2, 2013.
  31. Our bat bridges. (No longer available online.) In: www.fledermäuse-biberach.de. Archived from the original on October 20, 2013 ; Retrieved November 3, 2013 .
  32. Boehringer Ingelheim: High-Tech Location for Research, Development, Medicine and Biotechnology ( Memento from August 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). Accessed June 11, 2016
  33. Liebherr location profile Biberach 1. Accessed on September 11, 2013.
  34. Liebherr location profile Biberach 2. Accessed on September 11, 2013.
  35. Handtmann Group Biberach . Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  36. Organization chart. In: www.hochschule-biberach.de. Retrieved August 25, 2019 .